Browsing by Author "Parul Chaurasia"

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Fabrication and in vivo characterization of FRESH-based 3D printed chitosan construct for small intestine regeneration
(Institute of Physics, 2025) Parul Chaurasia; Richa S. Singh; Rishabh Rai Kaushik; Narayan Yadav; Sanjeev Kumar Mahto
This study demonstrates the implantation of a 3D printed small intestine (SI) construct using alkali-dissolved chitosan ink and freeform reversible embedding of suspended hydrogels bioprinting technology. The research addresses the significant clinical challenges posed by inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and short bowel syndrome (SBS), which often require surgical interventions leading to substantial loss of SI surface area. High costs, side effects, and donor shortages limit traditional treatments such as total parenteral nutrition and small bowel transplantation. Therefore, developing an engineered artificial intestine represents a critical need. The 3D printed constructs were evaluated through mechanical characterization, blood biocompatibility tests, antibacterial assays, and SI regenerative capacity. The mechanical properties indicated the constructs’ ability to withstand significant deformation, while the blood compatibility tests showed minimal hemolysis and blood coagulation, supporting the material’s suitability for implantation. Antibacterial tests revealed that the constructs could inhibit bacterial growth, reducing the risk of implant-associated infections. Following the implantation of the prepared constructs in rats, the post-implantation analysis indicated successful integration and biocompatibility with no significant adverse reactions. The biochemical parameters, like inflammatory markers, were slightly higher than the normal range. All other parameters, like bilirubin and albumins, etc, were in the normal range. This study highlights the potential of 3D printed chitosan-based constructs in organ regeneration and presents a promising solution for treating SBS and IBD. The findings support further exploration of the fabricated 3D printed biocompatible materials for medical applications in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. © 2025 IOP Publishing Ltd. All rights, including for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies, are reserved.
FRESH-based 3D bioprinting of complex biological geometries using chitosan bioink
(Institute of Physics, 2024) Parul Chaurasia; Richa Singh; Sanjeev Kumar Mahto
Traditional three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting has always been associated with the challenge of print fidelity of complex geometries due to the gel-like nature of the bioinks. Embedded 3D bioprinting has emerged as a potential solution to print complex geometries using proteins and polysaccharides-based bioinks. This study demonstrated the Freeform Reversible Embedding of Suspended Hydrogels (FRESH) 3D bioprinting method of chitosan bioink to 3D bioprint complex geometries. 4.5% chitosan was dissolved in an alkali solvent to prepare the bioink. Rheological evaluation of the bioink described its shear-thinning nature. The power law equation was fitted to the shear rate-viscosity plot. The flow index value was found to be less than 1, categorizing the material as pseudo-plastic. The chitosan bioink was extruded into another medium, a thermo-responsive 4.5% gelatin hydrogel. This hydrogel supports the growing print structures while printing. After this, the 3D bioprinted structure was crosslinked with hot water to stabilize the structure. Using this method, we have 3D bioprinted complex biological structures like the human tri-leaflet heart valve, a section of a human right coronary arterial tree, a scale-down outer structure of the human kidney, and a human ear. Additionally, we have shown the mechanical tunability and suturability of the 3D bioprinted structures. This study demonstrates the capability of the chitosan bioink and FRESH method for 3D bioprinting of complex biological models for biomedical applications. © 2024 IOP Publishing Ltd.
Optimization of Printability Parameters of Chitosan Ink for Microextrusion-based 3D Bioprinting
(Society for Biomaterials and Artificial Organs - India, 2025) Parul Chaurasia; Rishabh Rai Kaushik; Sanjeev Kumar Mahto
Chitosan as a 3D printing material has been explored extensively. The viscosity of the lower concentration of the material is unsuitable for microextrusion-based 3D printing, whereas higher concentrations are associated with needle clogging and high extrusion pressure requirements, limiting its application for tissue engineering and high-resolution printing. We prepared the low concentration chitosan ink and gelled it using heat treatment to optimize the printing parameters. This study aims to optimize printability parameters for microextrusion-based 3D printing using heat-treated chitosan ink dissolved in an alkali solvent. Various concentrations of heated chitosan ink (1-4%) were prepared and analyzed for their rheological and mechanical properties. The ink exhibited shear thinning behavior, crucial for extrusion-based printing. Rheological analysis indicated that higher concentrations (2.5% and 3%) had viscosities suitable for filament formation. Mechanical characterization demonstrated that higher chitosan concentrations provided better compressive strength, with 4% chitosan exhibiting the highest strength. The study also optimized printing parameters such as extrusion pressure, layer height, and print speed. Emphasizing the importance of ink concentration and extrusion parameters, the study found that 4% chitosan ink at 35°C is optimal for maintaining structural integrity in 3D printed constructs. These findings underscore the necessity of optimizing ink concentration and printing parameters to achieve high-quality 3D printed constructs suitable for biomedical applications. © (2025) Society for Biomaterials & Artificial Organs #20008625.