Browsing by Author "Paushali Ghosh"

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Endophytic and epiphytic modes of microbial interactions and benefits
(Springer Singapore, 2017) Jay Kumar; Divya Singh; Paushali Ghosh; Ashok Kumar
Plants and microbes are the important components of ecosystem, and their interactions help in regulating the biogeochemical cycle in the environment. Plant-associated microorganisms include bacteria, fungi, viruses, and some algae. They may be endophytic and/or epiphytic depending upon their location on the host plants. These microbes use host plants for their growth, colonization, and proliferation; however, they offer a variety of benefits to the hosts. Colonization of microorganisms on host plants takes place through air, water, and insects, or they may also be present in germinating plant parts. Endophytic microbial interactions influence the internal part, while epiphytic microbial interactions influence the exterior surface of the plants. These microbes are not harmful to the plants; however, they secrete some beneficial substances which may help in plant growth promotion, resistance to pathogenic microbes, removal of harmful contaminants, and production of secondary metabolites. In such a way, microbes contribute in agricultural crop improvement, food safety, and industries. This chapter briefly deals with the ecology, interactions, and benefits of plant-microbe interaction, especially in the area of sustainable agriculture and crop improvement. © 2017, Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPRs): Functions and benefits
(Springer Singapore, 2019) Divya Singh; Paushali Ghosh; Jay Kumar; Ashok Kumar
Microorganisms have a fundamental contribution in the growth and development of plants by influencing their physiology and metabolism. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) have been recognized as an important coevolutionary factor between plants and microbes. PGPRs show antagonistic and synergistic interactions with pathogenic microbes and plants, respectively. PGPRs produce a vast array of secondary compounds which facilitate agricultural yield as well as environmental cleanup. Since the extensive uses of chemical fertilizers and pesticides have caused deleterious impacts on almost all life forms in nature, researchers have shifted their attention on PGPRs throughout the world to improve the crop productivity. Moreover, the cost-effective and eco-friendly nature of PGPR makes them desirable candidate for application in crop disease management and integrated nutrient management. As such, now attention is also being focused to explore plant microbiome in order to identify new strains of microbes that can be used for enhancing plant growth and health in a sustainable way. The present chapter highlights the functions of PGPRs with special reference to its properties such as nutrient acquisition, mineral solubilization, siderophore production, phytohormone production, and tolerance to biotic as well as abiotic stresses. It also focuses on the benefits of PGPRs as biofertilizer, phytostimulant, and biocontrol agents and in rhizoremediation. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2019.
Recent advances of nanotechnology in ameliorating bioenergy production: A comprehensive review
(Elsevier B.V., 2024) Paushali Ghosh; Kumari Deepshikha; Ravi Ranjan Kumar; Venkatesh Chaturvedi; Pradeep Verma
Bioenergy market has thoroughly enjoyed a positive outlook towards overpowering traditional energy sources to meet the continuous demands across the globe. According to a forecast by International Energy Agency (IEA), worldwide biofuel consumption is projected to rise by 20% from 2022 to 2027. Both advanced and emerging economies have accounted for 80% of biofuel consumption growth and are aiming to increase the use of indigenous feedstocks to expand biofuel production. There is an abundant supply of feedstock, however, their conversion to biofuel using conventional processes is a challenging task. This has made its conversion practically unfeasible, leading to the growing importance to innovate advanced and cutting-edge technologies for enhancing biofuel production and innovating cost-effective and bioprocess optimized methods. Nanoparticles owing to their small size, high surface area, and high penetrating power have proven to be a promising alternative for optimizing and enhancing biomass conversion. They are mainly employed for enzyme immobilization, development of pre-treatment and catalytic technologies for biofuel production. The plethora of emerging techniques and applications of nanostructured materials such as carbon-based nanomaterials, metal-based nanomaterials, magnetic nanoparticles, metal organic frameworks, and others, is a possible avenue for the establishment of novel, competent and economical approaches for biofuels generation. In this review, a critical survey on the different categories of nanomaterials and their ameliorating role on biofuel production have been carried out. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.
Ultraviolet-B Radiation Stress-Induced Toxicity and Alterations in Proteome of Deinococcus radiodurans
(S. Karger AG, 2021) Jay Kumar; Paushali Ghosh; Ashok Kumar
Deinococcus radiodurans is a polyextremophilic bacterium capable to survive and grow at high doses of ionizing radiation. Besides resistance to ionizing radiation, the bacterium is also resistant to toxic chemicals and desiccation. This study deals with the effects of non-ionizing radiation (ultraviolet-B) on survival, alterations in proteomic profile, and gene expression in D. radiodurans. Exposure of culture to UV-B caused decrease in the percentage survival with increasing duration, complete killing occurred after 16 h. D. radiodurans also showed enhancement in the generation of reactive oxygen species and activities of antioxidative enzymes. Separation of proteins by 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis revealed major changes in number and abundance of different proteins. Twenty-eight differentially abundant protein spots were identified by MALDI-TOF MS/MS analysis and divided into 8 groups including unknown proteins. Gene expression of a few identified proteins was also analyzed employing qRT-PCR, which showed differential expression corresponding to the respective proteins. In silico analysis of certain hypothetical proteins (HPs) suggested that these are novel and as yet not reported from D. radiodurans subjected to UV-B stress. These HPs may prove useful in future studies especially for assessing their significance in the adaptation and management of stress responses against UV-B stress. © 2020 S. Karger AG, Basel.