Browsing by Author "Pawan Kumar Gupta"

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Characteristics of carbon nanotubes and their nanocomposites
(Elsevier, 2021) Piyush Kumar Sonkar; Narvdeshwar; Pawan Kumar Gupta
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are one of the most significant allotropes of carbon. They are made of sp2-hybridized carbon with a hollow cylindrical tube structure. Based on the number of concentric cylinders, they may be single-walled CNTs, double-walled CNTs, or multiwalled CNTs. Based on their configuration, CNTs are of three types: chiral, zigzag, and armchair. CNTs have outstanding physical properties such as high tensile strength, high electrical conductivity, and thermal, chemical, and mechanical stability. These physical properties can be increased by the functionalization and formation of composite materials. Large numbers of CNT composites have been documented in the literature with a wide range of applications. CNTs and their composite materials can be analyzed using different microscopic techniques such as scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, transmission electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX), and EDAX mapping. In addition, Raman spectroscopy is one of the most powerful tools for characterizing CNTs and their composite materials. CNTs and their composite materials have a wide range of applications in the fields of composite materials, nanoelectronics, drug delivery, pharmaceuticals, electrocatalysis, sensing, fuel cells, supercapacitors, hydrogen storage, water purification, and so on. Without doubt, CNTs and their composite materials have outstanding properties with significant applications in almost every branch of science and technology. © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Efficacy and Safety of Stempeucel in Osteoarthritis of the Knee: A Phase 3 Randomized, Double-Blind, Multicenter, Placebo-Controlled Study
(SAGE Publications Inc., 2023) Pawan Kumar Gupta; Sunil Maheshwari; Joe Joseph Cherian; Vijay Goni; Arun Kumar Sharma; Sujith Kumar Tripathy; Keerthi Talari; Vivek Pandey; Parag Kantilal Sancheti; Saurabh Singh; Syamasis Bandyopadhyay; Naresh Shetty; Surendra Umesh Kamath; Purohit Sharad Prahaldbhai; Jijy Abraham; Suresh Kannan; Samatha Bhat; Shivashankar Parshuram; Vinayaka Shahavi; Akhilesh Sharma; Nikhil N. Verma; Uday Kumar
Background: Osteoarthritis is a chronic, progressive, and degenerative condition with limited therapy options. Recently, biologic therapies have been an evolving option for the management of osteoarthritis. Purpose: To assess whether allogenic mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have the potential to improve functional parameters and induce cartilage regeneration in patients with osteoarthritis. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1. Methods: A total of 146 patients with grade 2 and 3 osteoarthritis were randomized to either an MSC group or placebo group with a ratio of 1:1. There were 73 patients per group who received either a single intra-articular injection of bone marrow–derived MSCs (BMMSCs; 25 million cells) or placebo, followed by 20 mg per 2 mL of hyaluronic acid under ultrasound guidance. The primary endpoint was the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) total score. The secondary endpoints were WOMAC subscores for pain, stiffness, and physical function; the visual analog scale score for pain; and magnetic resonance imaging findings using T2 mapping and cartilage volume. Results: Overall, 65 patients from the BMMSC group and 68 patients from the placebo group completed 12-month follow-up. The BMMSC group showed significant improvements in the WOMAC total score compared with the placebo group at 6 and 12 months (percentage change: −23.64% [95% CI, −32.88 to −14.40] at 6 months and −45.60% [95% CI, −55.97 to −35.23] at 12 months P <.001; percentage change, −44.3%). BMMSCs significantly improved WOMAC pain, stiffness, and physical function subscores as well as visual analog scale scores at 6 and 12 months (P <.001). T2 mapping showed that there was no worsening of deep cartilage in the medial femorotibial compartment of the knee in the BMMSC group at 12-month follow-up, whereas in the placebo group, there was significant and gradual worsening of cartilage (P <.001). Cartilage volume did not change significantly in the BMMSC group. There were 5 adverse events that were possibly/probably related to the study drug and consisted of injection-site swelling and pain, which improved within a few days. Conclusion: In this small randomized trial, BMMSCs proved to be safe and effective for the treatment of grade 2 and 3 osteoarthritis. The intervention was simple and easy to administer, provided sustained relief of pain and stiffness, improved physical function, and prevented worsening of cartilage quality for ≥12 months. Registration: CTRI/2018/09/015785 (National Institutes of Health and Clinical Trials Registry–India). © 2023 The Author(s).