Browsing by Author "Pooja Singh"

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A comprehensive study on aquatic chemistry, health risk and remediation techniques of cadmium in groundwater
(Elsevier B.V., 2022) Monika Mahajan; Pankaj Kumar Gupta; Anita Singh; Barkha Vaish; Pooja Singh; Richa Kothari; Rajeev Pratap Singh
Cadmium (Cd), a non-essential trace element, it's intrusion in groundwater has ubiquitous implications on the environment and human health. This review is an approach to comprehensively emphasize on i) chemistry and occurrence of Cd in groundwater and its concomitant response on human health ii) sustainable Cd remediation techniques, iii) and associated costs. Current study is depending on meta-analysis of Cd contaminations in groundwater and discusses its distributions around the globe. Literature review primarily comprises from the last three decades online electronic published database, which mainly includes i) research literatures, ii) government reports. On the basis of meta-data, it was concluded that Cd mobility depends on multiple factors: such as pH, redox state, and ionic strength, dissolved organic (DOC) and inorganic carbon (DIC). A substantially high Cd concentration has been reported in Lagos, Nigeria (0.130 mg/L). In India, groundwater is continuing to be contaminated by Cd in the proximity of industrial, agricultural areas, high concentrations (>8.20 mg/L) were reported in Tamil Nadu and Maharashtra. Depending on chemical behavior and ionic radius cadmium disseminate into the food chain and ultimately cause health hazard that can be measured by various index-based assessment tools. Instead of chemical adsorbents, nanoparticles, phytoextraction, and bioremediation techniques can be very useful in the remediation and management of Cd polluted groundwater at a low-cost. For Cd pollution, the development of a comprehensive framework that links the hydro-geological, bio-geochemical processes to public health is important and need to be further studied. © 2021 Elsevier B.V.
A Reliable People Tracking in Nuclear Power Plant Control Room Monitoring System Using Particle Filter
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2025) Mrityunjay Chaubey; Lalit Kumar Singh; Manjari Gupta; Pooja Singh
The control room functions as the core nervous system of a nuclear power plant (NPP), emphasizing the crucial need for real-time monitoring of all activities inside to guarantee comprehensive safety. The maintenance of a high level of reliability in the real-time monitoring system within the control room of an NPP is of utmost importance in order to effectively mitigate any potential failures that may occur during the monitoring process. The software and hardware problems can both cause unplanned outages in a large-scale distributed monitoring system. To address the challenge of NPP control room monitoring, a particle filtering-based people tracking system for NPP control room monitoring is introduced to ensure the safety, security, and reliability of the NPP control room. In addition to tracking people for the monitoring of the NPP control room, the suggested technique also provides a reliability study of the large-distributed monitoring system. © 1963-2012 IEEE.
A Reliable People Tracking in Nuclear Power Plant Control Room Monitoring System Using Particle Filter
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2024) Mrityunjay Chaubey; Lalit Kumar Singh; Manjari Gupta; Pooja Singh
The control room functions as the core nervous system of a nuclear power plant (NPP), emphasizing the crucial need for real-time monitoring of all activities inside to guarantee comprehensive safety. The maintenance of a high level of reliability in the real-time monitoring system within the control room of an NPP is of utmost importance in order to effectively mitigate any potential failures that may occur during the monitoring process. The software and hardware problems can both cause unplanned outages in a large-scale distributed monitoring system. To address the challenge of NPP control room monitoring, a particle filtering-based people tracking system for NPP control room monitoring is introduced to ensure the safety, security, and reliability of the NPP control room. In addition to tracking people for the monitoring of the NPP control room, the suggested technique also provides a reliability study of the large-distributed monitoring system. IEEE
Adsorption behaviour of o-hydroxy acetophenone benzoyl hydrazone on mild steel/hydrochloric acid interface
(Korean Society of Industrial Engineering Chemistry, 2015) Ashish Kumar Singh; Pooja Singh
The effect of synthesised o-hydroxy acetophenone benzoyl hydrazone (HABH) on the corrosion of mild steel in 1. M HCl was investigated using potentiodynamic polarisation (PDP), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), thermogravimetric analysis, contact angle measurement and weight loss methods. The inhibition efficiency of HABH increases with surface roughness of emery paper up to 800 grits and thereafter it decreases with additional increase in surface roughness. TGA results also indicated that the inhibitor film on the surface had a relatively good thermal stability. The adsorption behaviour of HABH is experimentally investigated by contact angle measurement of acid solution on metal surface. © 2014 The Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry.
Agricultural utilization of biosolids: A review on potential effects on soil and plant grown
(Elsevier Ltd, 2017) Bhavisha Sharma; Abhijit Sarkar; Pooja Singh; Rajeev Pratap Singh
Environmental and economic implications linked with the proper ecofriendly disposal of modern day wastes, has made it essential to come up with alternative waste management practices that reduce the environmental pressures resulting from unwise disposal of such wastes. Urban wastes like biosolids are loaded with essential plant nutrients. In this view, agricultural use of biosolids would enable recycling of these nutrients and could be a sustainable approach towards management of this hugely generated waste. Therefore biosolids i.e. sewage sludge can serve as an important resource for agricultural utilization. Biosolids are characterized by the occurrence of beneficial plant nutrients (essential elements and micro and macronutrients) which can make help them to work as an effective soil amendment, thereby minimizing the reliance on chemical fertilizers. However, biosolids might contain toxic heavy metals that may limit its usage in the cropland. Heavy metals at higher concentration than the permissible limits may lead to food chain contamination and have fatal consequences. Biosolids amendment in soil can improve physical and nutrient property of soil depending on the quantity and portion of the mixture. Hence, biosolids can be a promising soil ameliorating supplement to increase plant productivity, reduce bioavailability of heavy metals and also lead to effective waste management. © 2017 Elsevier Ltd
Agroecological responses of heavy metal pollution with special emphasis on soil health and plant performances
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2017) Vaibhav Srivastava; Abhijit Sarkar; Sonu Singh; Pooja Singh; Ademir S.F. de Araujo; Rajeev P. Singh
With modern day urbanization and industrialization, heavy metal (HM) contamination has become a prime concern for today's society. The impacts of metal contamination on agriculture range from the agricultural soil to the produce in our food basket. The heavy metals (HMs) and metalloids, including Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Sn, Hg, Pb, among others, can result in significant toxic impacts. The intensification of agricultural land use and changes in farming practices along with technological advancement have led to heavy metal pollution in soil. Metals/metalloids concentrations in the soil are increasing at alarming rate and affect plant growth, food safety, and soil microflora. The biological and geological reorganization of heavy metal depends chiefly on green plants and their metabolism. Metal toxicity has direct effects to flora that forms an integral component of ecosystems. Altered biochemical, physiological, and metabolic processes are found in plants growing in regions of high metal pollution. However, metals like Cu, Mn, Co, Zn, and Cr are required in trace amounts by plants for their metabolic activities. The present review aims to catalog major published works related to heavy metal contamination in modern day agriculture, and draw a possible road map toward future research in this domain. © 2017 Srivastava, Sarkar, Singh, Singh, de Araujo and Singh.
An insight to atmospheric pollution- Improper waste management and climate change nexus
(Springer International Publishing, 2017) Bhavisha Sharma; Barkha Vaish; Vaibhav Srivastava; Sonu Singh; Pooja Singh; Rajeev Pratap Singh
Urbanization and industrialization along with expansion of the cities, extract resources indiscriminately in order to provide better access to food security, education, health and employment. However, accompanying this urbanization and industrialization, there is an increase in generation of vast amount of waste. Per capita waste generation is closely related to high quality life style, consumer pattern and economic development. Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) is affected by many drivers (socio-economic, political, environmental, etc.) and its impact differs from country to country. The scenario is worse and complicated in developing countries due to negligence in waste management sector. Improper waste management has emerged as one of the potent source of series of air pollutants that arises concerns over ambient air quality, environmental degradation and public health. Overall waste sector is estimated to contribute around 3-5% of global greenhouse emission. But, this estimate does not include the emission from the uncollected waste that decays anaerobically and is the main cause of methane generation which has not yet been quantified. Therefore, it is imperative to integrate proper waste management technologies especially for developing economies. Thus, this chapter attempts to relate the nexus between improper management of municipal solid waste and climate change and to reduce greenhouse gas emissions through proven technologies and existing policies. © Springer International Publishing AG 2018.
An insight to municipal solid waste management of Varanasi city, India, and appraisal of vermicomposting as its efficient management approach
(Springer, 2020) Vaibhav Srivastava; Barkha Vaish; Rajeev Pratap Singh; Pooja Singh
Varanasi, India’s historic cultural capital, struggles with efficient waste management practices. This impacts environment and human well-being in terms of waste generation that is estimated around 550–650 TPD with a generation rate of 0.42 kg capita−1 day−1 (n = 117). The present study aims to explore and characterize wastes, current practices, ecological profiling, and phytotoxicity of an abandoned open dumping site, and vermicomposting of organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) as sustainable waste management approach. Compositional analysis of waste indicates organic fraction (46.13%) as a major component along with a considerable amount of heavy metals. The calorific value and moisture content of municipal solid waste (MSW) was 2351.4 cal g−1 and 34.72%, respectively. Ecological profiling of the dumping site revealed that floral diversity and ecological species/indicators were negatively affected. Likewise, phytotoxicity results displayed a negative impact on germination and physiology of maize (Zea mays L.) plants grown on dumping site soil. Vermistabilization of OFMSW showed a significant increase in N (56.10–89.48%), P (33.93–82.87%), and K (25.55–50.42%) and a decrease in total organic carbon (15.15–24.81%). Similarly, C/N and C/P ratios decreased by 1.89–2.51 and 1.72–2.18 folds, respectively. A survey of stakeholders suggested that open dumping was the main practice adopted by Varanasi Municipal Corporation (VMC) during 2013–2015. Recently (2017–2018), VMC adopted different methods, such as door-to-door collection and source segregation for effective waste management. Waste characteristics and nutrient profile of the vermicompost explains that vermicomposting could be used for efficient waste management in Varanasi, further reducing the collection, transportation, and disposal costs of waste, which enables to close the loop and move towards a circular economy. Moreover, implications of existing waste management practices and possible management options need to be addressed scientifically. Therefore, this research outcome will help in designing a successful waste management plan for Varanasi and other cities with similar waste characteristics. © 2020, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
Anaemia and iron deficiency in India: a venous blood-based survey of adolescents, adults, and the elderly in eight states
(Springer Nature, 2025) Santu Ghosh; Avula Laxmaiah; Giriraj Ratan Ratan Chandak; Indrapal Ishwarji Meshram; Rajiva Raman; Shantanu Sengupta; Chittaranjan Sakerlal Yajnik; Anura Vishwanath Kurpad; Harshpal Singh Sachdev; Suresh Kumar Yadav; J. Vyshnavi; V. P. Sunu; Krishna Kishore Sukla; G. L. Stephen; Starpala; Kakani Sreeramakrishna; Pooja Singh; S. P.V. Prasad; Monika Pandey; Suraj Singh Nongmaithem; G. Neeraja; D. Narasimhulu; S. K. Kuddeep; Luke Hanna Elizabeth; Rahul Chakraborty; Tapas K. Chakma; Gandham Bulliyya; Dattatray Shivram Bhat; Varanasi Bhaskar; S. Asim
Background: Surveys based on capillary blood show that anaemia is rampant in India, but capillary blood haemoglobin (Hb) may not accurately reflect venous blood Hb concentrations. Further, iron deficiency (ID) is thought to be the main cause of anaemia, there are no venous blood-based surveys to confirm this. Methods: A community-based (urban, slum and rural) cross-sectional, venous blood survey was conducted in eight Indian states to estimate anaemia and ID prevalences from Hb and inflammation-corrected plasma ferritin concentrations in adolescents, adults, and elderly. Results: The prevalence of anaemia was 44%, 41% and 45% in adolescent girls, adult and elderly women respectively, compared to 24%, 21% and 37% in adolescent boys, adult, and elderly men. The overall prevalence varied widely, ranging from 12% in Meghalaya to 70% in Assam. Mild anaemia prevalence was predominant at about half of overall anaemia prevalence. ID-associated anaemia (IDA) prevalence was less than a third of the overall anaemia prevalence, and varied among age and sex groups, approaching 45% only in adolescent girls. IDA prevalence was even lower in the mild anaemia group. Thus, the major proportion of anaemia in all groups was associated with ‘other’ causes. Conclusions: Anaemia prevalence, when measured by venous blood Hb, was substantially lower than earlier capillary blood-based estimates and was predominantly of the mild variety. The prevalence of IDA was also much lower than anticipated; therefore, the aetiological role of ID appears not to be predominant. These results have policy implications for anaemia prevention and correction at the population level. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited 2025.
Analysis and advanced characterization of municipal solid waste vermicompost maturity for a green environment
(Academic Press, 2020) Vaibhav Srivastava; Gaurav Goel; Vijay Kumar Thakur; Rajeev Pratap Singh; Ademir Sergio Ferreira de Araujo; Pooja Singh
Rapid demographic expansion along with increasing urbanization has aggravated the problem of solid waste management. Therefore, scientists are seeking waste management methods that are eco-friendly, cost effective and produce immediate results. In the developing world, municipal solid waste (MSW) contains mostly organic substances, therefore vermicomposting could be a better and cost-effective option for waste management. In this study, vermicomposting of organic portion of MSW with cow dung (additive) was performed using Eisenia fetida. The results showed significant (p < 0.001) decline in pH (13.17%), TOC (21.70%), C: N (62.53%) and C: P (57.66%) ratios, whilst total N (108.9%), P (84.89%) and K (21.85%) content increased (p < 0.001) in matured vermicompost. Different enzymatic activities declined during termination phase of vermicomposting experiment with maximum decrease of 41.72 (p = 0.002) and 39.56% (p = 0.001) in protease and β-glucosidase, respectively. FT-IR, TGA, DSC and SEM studies suggested that final vermicompost was more stabilized as compared to initial waste mixture, characterized by reduced levels of aliphatic materials, carbohydrates and increase in aromatic groups possibly due to biosynthesis of humic substances. Both, the conventional (physicochemical and enzyme activity) and advanced techniques depict maturity and stability of the ready vermicompost. However, FT-IR, TGA, DSC and SEM were proved to be more promising, fast and reliable techniques over conventional analyses. © 2019
Application of Wastewater in Irrigation and Its Regulation with Special Reference to Agriculture Residues
(Springer Singapore, 2021) Monika; Rajeev Pratap Singh; Pooja Singh; Richa Kothari; Kaushik Gautam; Anita Singh
Growing urban agglomeration across the world has promoted unscientific disposal of wastewater. In this view, wastewater exploitation in agriculture is a sustainable way of its utilization. Application of wastewater as irrigation water serves several goals such as promoting sustainable agriculture in an arid and semiarid region, preserving scarce water resources, and maintaining growth of plants. However, inadequate practices of wastewater application in present decades have resulted severe environmental issues like degrading river quality, groundwater pollution, heavy metal contamination, deterioration in soil health and nearby water reservoir quality, etc. With the treatment, the wastewater can be purified up to a certain level, but they cannot remove some constituents like heavy metals, pesticides, and other organic and inorganic compounds. Due to the unpredictable and unstable nature of wastewater, this becomes costly to treat either physically, chemically, or biologically. In this context, with the application of some sustainable strategies, the contamination can be reduced up to a certain extent particularly for heavy metals. Among all strategies, the applications of agricultural residues such as rice husk, sawdust, and other amendments are found to be the most suitable and lucrative way of reducing metal availability. Therefore, adjusted and scientific use of wastewater with certain treatment can be an economic and environmentally sustainable alternative to chemical fertilizers for enhancing crop productivity and crop yield and, at the same time, help in handling wastewater as a valuable resource. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021.
Aspirin and Cancer Survival: An Analysis of Molecular Mechanisms
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2024) Manoj Pandey; Monika Rajput; Pooja Singh; Mridula Shukla; Bin Zhu; Jill Koshiol
The benefit of aspirin on cancer survival is debated. Data from randomized clinical trials and cohort studies are discordant, although a meta-analysis shows a clear survival advantage when aspirin is added to the standard of care. However, the mechanism by which aspirin improves cancer survival is not clear. A PubMed search was carried out to identify articles reporting genes and pathways that are associated with aspirin and cancer survival. Gene ontology and pathway enrichment analysis was carried out using web-based tools. Gene–gene and protein–protein interactions were evaluated. Crosstalk between pathways was identified and plotted. Forty-one genes were identified and classified into primary genes (PTGS2 and PTGES2), genes regulating cellular proliferation, interleukin and cytokine genes, and DNA repair genes. The network analysis showed a rich gene–gene and protein–protein interaction between these genes and proteins. Pathway enrichment showed the interleukin and cellular transduction pathways as the main pathways involved in aspirin-related survival, in addition to DNA repair, autophagy, extracellular matrix, and apoptosis pathways. Crosstalk of PTGS2 with EGFR, JAK/AKT, TP53, interleukin/TNFα/NFκB, GSK3B/BRCA/PARP, CXCR/MUC1, and WNT/CTNNB pathways was identified. The results of the present study demonstrate that aspirin improves cancer survival by the interplay of 41 genes through a complex mechanism. PTGS2 is the primary target of aspirin and impacts cancer survival through six primary pathways: the interleukin pathway, extracellular matrix pathway, signal transduction pathway, apoptosis pathway, autophagy pathway, and DNA repair pathway. © 2024 by the authors.
BF3·Et2O Catalysed 4-Aryl-3-phenyl-benzopyrones, Pro-SERMs, and Their Characterization
(Hindawi Limited, 2015) Ambika Srivastava; Pooja Singh; Rajesh Kumar
We have synthesized the novel 4-(4-hydroxy-benzyl)-3-phenyl-chromen-2-one which is a precursor of SERMs with a smaller number of steps and good yield. Two methodologies for the synthesis have been worked out. Anhydrous BF3·Et2O catalyzed reaction was found to be selective for product formation while anhydrous AlCl3, FeCl3, and SnCl4 catalyzed ones were nonselective. © 2015 Ambika Srivastava et al.
Biochemical, physiological, and yield responses of lady’s finger (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) grown on varying ratios of municipal solid waste vermicompost
(Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2018) Vaibhav Srivastava; Sanjay Kumar Gupta; Pooja Singh; Bhavisha Sharma; Rajeev Pratap Singh
Purpose: In the present study, effect of earthworm-processed MSW was seen on biochemical, physiological, and yield responses of Abelmoschus esculentus L. Methods: Plants were grown on different amendment ratios of municipal solid waste vermicompost (MSWVC). Pot experiments were conducted by mixing MSWVC at 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100% ratios to the agricultural soil. Results: An increase in photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance of plants grown at 20 and 40% MSWVC amendment ratios was observed. Total chlorophyll, carotenoid, and protein contents also increased significantly in 20, 40, and 60% amendment ratios at 65 days after germination (DAG). Likewise, proline, peroxidase, and lipid peroxidation increased with increasing levels of MSWVC at both 45 and 65 DAG. Conclusion: The study suggests that MSWVC could be used as organic amendment in soil depicted by good yield and antioxidative response of lady’s finger (A. esculentus) at different amendments of MSWVC (up to 60% w/w ratios). Furthermore, agricultural utilization of MSWVC will help in managing dreadful effects of the burgeoning amount of organic solid waste. © 2018, The Author(s).
Bioderived Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles From Leaf Extract Of Argyreia Nervosa For Electrochemical Biosensing Of Pesticide
(Institute of Physics, 2022) Kshitij R.B. Singh; Pooja Singh; Ravindra Pratap Singh; Jay Singh
In this work, we have utilized leaves extract of Argyreia Nervosa (AN) to synthesize magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles by using the mixed precursor salt (ferric chloride and ferrous sulphate). After nanoparticles synthesis, it was initially characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), UV-visible spectrophotometry (UV-Visible), Transmission electron microscope (TEM), and Scanning electron microscope (SEM). Further, characterization in this work is needed, namely AFM, XRD, and electrochemical Studies (Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and cyclic voltammetry (CV)). The desired work is novel for synthesizing magnetic iron nanoparticles and their utilization for fabricating electrochemical biosensor devices for pesticide detection. Hence, in this study, we have focused on synthesizing magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles via the biogenic route of synthesis for fabricating an enzyme-biosensor for the determination of pesticides, which will open a new avenue for developing nanobiosensing devices through a greener and sustainable approach that is green/bioinspired/bioderived synthesis of nanomaterials that utilizes phytochemicals. © The Electrochemical Society
Biogenic Synthesis Of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles: Characterization And Biosensing Application
(Institute of Physics, 2022) Pooja Singh; Kshitij R.B. Singh; Jay Singh; Ravindra Pratap Singh
Nanotechnology is a potentially growing domain of science, and breakthroughs in this have resulted in significant advances in numerous domains such as agricultural, environmental, sensors, biomedical, etc. The current study focuses on the biogenic synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) using latex of Ficus religiosa. We utilized stem latex to present an environmentally friendly approach for the biogenic synthesis of CuO NPs. The UV-visible spectrophotometry (UV-Visible) technique confirms the initial formation of nanoparticles based on the visible color shift and is later confirmed by the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Transmission electron microscope (TEM), and Scanning electron microscope (SEM). Furthermore, the biogenic CuO NPs will next be evaluated by X-Ray Diffraction, Zeta-potential, Atomic Force Microscopy, etc. The proposed work will be unique as our objective is to utilize biogenic CuO NPs to fabricate electrochemical biosensor devices for pesticide detection. Hence, it will open a new avenue for developing nanobiosening devices through a greener and sustainable approach that utilizes phytochemicals, not toxic chemicals. © The Electrochemical Society
Biogenic synthesis of Mn3O4 NPs using Phyllanthus emblica leaf extract for electrochemical sensing of urea
(Elsevier B.V., 2024) Jagdish Prasad Prajapati; Pooja Singh; Kshitij RB Singh; Jay Singh; Sadhucharan Mallick; Ravindra Pratap Singh
Green synthesis integrates green chemistry, environmental remediation, and nanotechnology, focusing on biogenic manganese oxide nanoparticles. This method promotes advanced techniques for human health and safety by minimizing the use of chemical reagents. Herein Phyllanthus emblica leaf extract was used for producing biogenic manganese oxide nanoparticles (B-Mn3O4 NPs), which serve as a reducing, capping, and stabilizing agent in the reaction. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), FTIR, UV–visible, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis were used to investigate the structural, morphological, and spectroscopic studies of Mn3O4 NPs. These analyses confirmed the formation of a single-phase Mn3O4 tetragonal structure. The characterization results indicated that biogenic materials are heterogeneous, making them suitable candidates for electrochemical sensing of urea. This study utilizes urease enzyme to enhance the selectivity, sensitivity, and specificity of B-Mn3O4 NPs-modified electrode towards urea sensing, considering its impact on human health. The selection of the urea analyte arises from the urgent requirement to monitor environmental contamination with urea, which directly affects human health at higher concentrations. To monitor contaminated environments, this study developed ultrasensitive urea biosensors that achieved high sensitivity (2.33 µA µM−1cm−2) and selectivity with a low detection limit (0.0276 µM). © 2024 Elsevier B.V.
Bioinspired triangular ZnO nanoclusters synthesized byArgyreia nervosanascent leaf extract for the efficient electrochemical determination of vitamin C
(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2021) Pooja Singh; Kshitij RB Singh; Jay Singh; Priyanka Prasad; Ravindra Pratap Singh
This work deals with the synthesis of bioinspired triangular ZnO nanoclusters (bT-ZnO NCs) fromArgyreia nervosanascent leaf extract for their effective antibacterial activity and further utilization as a platform for the electrocatalytic determination of ascorbic acid (AA; vitamin C) for applications in the agricultural domain. The structural, optical, and morphological characteristics of the synthesized bT-ZnO NCs were analyzed by UV-vis, FT-IR, XRD, AFM, SEM, TEM, HR-TEM, and EDX techniques. After this, bT-ZnO NCs were electrophoretically deposited onto an indium-tin-oxide (ITO) glass substrate and assessed for the electro-oxidation of AA by cyclic voltammetry (CV), and from this it was proven that bT-ZnO NCs had a very high electrochemical sensitivity of 29.88 μA cm−2toward AA and a low limit of detection of 0.5321 mM under the optimized experimental conditions. Thus, it provides a potential sensing platform for electrochemical studies to detect AA. Moreover, bT-ZnO NCs were preliminarily investigated for their antibacterial activity, and the obtained results showed that the bT-ZnO NCs have potency as an antibacterial agent. © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2021.
Biological response of using municipal solid waste compost in agriculture as fertilizer supplement
(Springer Netherlands, 2016) Vaibhav Srivastava; Ademir Sergio Ferreira De Araujo; Barkha Vaish; Shannon Bartelt-Hunt; Pooja Singh; Rajeev Pratap Singh
Waste management and declining soil fertility are the two main issues experienced by all developing nations, like India. Nowadays, agricultural utilization of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) is one of the most promising and cost effective options for managing solid waste. It is helpful in solving two current burning issues viz. soil fertility and MSW management. However, there is always a potential threat because MSW may contain pathogens and toxic pollutants. Therefore, much emphasis has been paid to composting of MSW in recent years. Application of compost from MSW in agricultural land helps in ameliorating the soil’s physico-chemical properties. Apart from that it also assists in improving biological response of cultivated land. Keeping the present situation in mind, this review critially discusses the current scenario, agricultural utilization of MSWcompost, role of soil microbes and soil microbial response on municipal solid waste compost application. © Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2016.
Biological responses of agricultural soils to fly-ash amendment
(Springer New York LLC, 2014) Rajeev Pratap Singh; Bhavisha Sharma; Abhijit Sarkar; Chandan Sengupta; Pooja Singh; Mahamad Hakimi Ibrahim
Increased urbanization and industrialization worldwide has resulted in increased releases of solid waste, and enhanced environmental pollution around the globe. There are several categories of solid waste and these include sewage sludge, and municipal solid wastes (Singh et al. 2011). Fly Ash (FA), a coal combustion residue (CCR), is a major type of solid waste. The global dependence on coal as a major source of energy production, especially to produce electricity, has made FA a prime solid waste problem and a growing environmental pollutant. Proven global coal reserves have been estimated at 847 billion tons for the year 2007 (Sarkar et al. 2012). The USA has the largest share of global coal reserves (25.4 %), followed by Russia (15.9 %), China (11.6 %) and India (8.6 %) (Sarkar et al. 2012). Since India became independent in 1947, there has been a rapid increase in power generation, largely dominated by coal-based thermal generation constituting about 79 % of total production. Energy production has increased from a capacity of 1,362 MW in 1947 to 120,000 MW in 2005. The Indian government plans to increase installed capacity to 300,000 MW by 2017 (Kumar et al. 2005; Vaidya 2009). India, like the United States, Russia and China, possesses abundant coal reserves, and coal-fueled generation of electricity is the common national policy (Singh et al. 2012; Sarkar et al. 2012). © 2014 Springer International Publishing Switzerland.