Browsing by Author "Pooja Yadav"

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Designer probiotics: Opening the new horizon in diagnosis and prevention of human diseases
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2024) Nabendu Debnath; Pooja Yadav; Praveen K. Mehta; Priyamvada Gupta; Deepak Kumar; Ashwani Kumar; Vibhav Gautam; Ashok K. Yadav
Probiotic microorganisms have been used for therapeutic purposes for over a century, and recent advances in biotechnology and genetic engineering have opened up new possibilities for developing therapeutic approaches using indigenous probiotic microorganisms. Diseases are often related to metabolic and immunological factors, which play a critical role in their onset. With the help of advanced genetic tools, probiotics can be modified to produce or secrete important therapeutic peptides directly into mucosal sites, increasing their effectiveness. One potential approach to enhancing human health is through the use of designer probiotics, which possess immunogenic characteristics. These genetically engineered probiotics hold promise in providing novel therapeutic options. In addition to their immunogenic properties, designer probiotics can also be equipped with sensors and genetic circuits, enabling them to detect a range of diseases with remarkable precision. Such capabilities may significantly advance disease diagnosis and management. Furthermore, designer probiotics have the potential to be used in diagnostic applications, offering a less invasive and more cost-effective alternative to conventional diagnostic techniques. This review offers an overview of the different functional aspects of the designer probiotics and their effectiveness on different diseases and also, we have emphasized their limitations and future implications. A comprehensive understanding of these functional attributes may pave the way for new avenues of prevention and the development of effective therapies for a range of diseases. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Detection and Management of Ergot Alkaloids and Their Therapeutic Applications
(CRC Press, 2022) Nabendu Debnath; Pooja Yadav; Shalini Arora; Ashok Kumar Yadav
The sclerotia are also broken and combined with flour during milling. Sometimes sclerotia of similar size to the grain are developed in dry climates that are even more difficult to remove. Ergot alkaloids (EAs) are nitrogen-based chemicals that are classified as indole alkaloids. Ergots are a group of metabolites produced by different fungal species. The bio-synthetic pathway of ergot formation involves different genes and proteins, although proteins involved in the ergot synthetic pathway vary according to different fungal species. Ergot ring formation is the shared process in all species. D-lysergic acid is the prime substrate for the formation of ergopeptines catalyzed by an enzymatic complex known as nonribosomal peptide synthetase. Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed recently published a report showing that mycotoxins are still the leading cause of food hazards. In addition to the toxic effects on human populations, animals are equally affected due to EA contamination. © 2023 Pradeep Kumar, Madhu Kamle, and Dipendra Kumar Mahato.
Development of Chhana Spread by Incorporating Moringa (Moringa oleifera L.) Leaves Extract as a Source of Antioxidants and Phenolics
(Agricultural Research Communication Centre, 2024) Brajapal Singh; M.P.S. Yadav; Pooja Yadav; Ved Prakash; Dinesh Chandra Rai; Aman Rathaur
Background: Herbs are abundantly grown throughout India in all the states, which encourages the development of herbs incorporated products that provide health advantages in addition to flavour and taste to functional dairy products. Hence, the present study was undertaken to develop functional chhana spread by incorporating moringa leaves extract as a source of antioxidants and phenolics. Methods: The chhana spread was formulated with incorporation of moringa leaves extract at different incorporation levels of 4%, 6% and 8% levels. The developed moringa chhana spread was investigated for its sensory characteristics, physico-chemical, antioxidant and phenolic properties against control. Result: The moringa leaves extract with 6% incorporation level in chhana showed higher overall acceptability than others. Among the physico-chemical properties, there were no significant differences in moisture and lactose percentage between control and treated groups. As extract levels in the chhana increased, protein, fat and ash percentages were significantly increased. Antioxidants and phenolic contents were found significantly higher in 8% of moringa leaves extract group and lowest was found in control group. Consequently, moringa leaves extract could be used as a natural antioxidant and phenolic ingredient to develop a novel chhana spread. © 2024 Agricultural Research Communication Centre. All rights reserved.
Microcystis aeruginosa mediated biofabrication of silver nanoparticles exhibiting antibacterial, antioxidant, anticancer, and azo dye degrading catalytic activities
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024) Shraddha Pandey; Nikee Awasthee; Anusmita Shekher; Pooja Yadav; Lal Chand Rai; Subash Chandra Gupta; Santosh Kumar Dubey
In this study, a green, facile, and cost-effective method to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from silver nitrate using cell extract of unicellular cyanobacterium, Microcystis aeruginosa, has been reported. These biosynthesized AgNPs were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy showing absorption peak at 470 nm. TEM and EDX analyses confirmed spherical shape of AgNPs with diameter range of 5–45 nm. The results of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analyses revealed proteins as reducing/capping agent. These AgNPs clearly demonstrated considerable antibacterial action against Gram positive and Gram negative bacterial pathogens. AgNPs also revealed notable antioxidative potential (71.08±0.78%) at minimum concentration of 100 μg/mL and significant cytotoxic activity against SiHa cancer cell line with IC50 value of 0.89 μg/mL after 72-h treatment. The AgNP treatment also promoted arrest of cancer cells in the sub-G1 phase of cell cycle. Western blot analysis of SiHa cells treated with increasing doses of AgNPs clearly demonstrated decreasing expression of apoptotic proteins, pro-caspase-3 and intact PARP suggesting activation of apoptosis. These AgNPs significantly degrade toxic azo dye and Congo red through catalytic reduction. The degradation observed was 77.21% in 60 min under visible light irradiation. Graphical Abstract: (Figure presented.) © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2023.
Nano-Enhanced Biopolymers for Antimicrobial Applications
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2024) Pooja Yadav; Shraddha Pandey; Santosh Kumar Dubey
Nanotechnology plays a very important role in biological research due to its small size as well as lower toxicity with their greater efficiency. The natural biopolymers include such as chitosan, cellulose, starch, collagen, gelatin, fibrin, hyaluronic acids, and alginates which are widely distributed in nature. The biopolymeric nanoparticles are developed due to their properties such as biocompatibility, antioxidant, antibacterial, photoprotection, biodegradability, minimal toxicity, and eco-friendliness. Due to these properties and various applications, the nano-based biopolymer attracted in food industry, agricultural domain, biomedicine via drug delivery, antibacterial activity, and slow release of fertilizers. This chapter mainly covers application of nano-based biopolymer as antimicrobial agent. In addition, this chapter also covers the types of biopolymeric nanoparticles, their synthesis, and characterization. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.
Occurrence, Detection, and Management of T-2 Toxin and HT-2 Toxin in Food and Feed
(CRC Press, 2022) Pooja Yadav; Nabendu Debnath; Shalini Arora; Ashok Kumar Yadav
Fungal species release several secondary metabolites, including plant growth promoters, antibiotics, plant pigments, and several types of toxins. In 1940, the term stachybotryotoxicosis was coined by Soviet scientists to explain a syndrome with symptoms such as pharyngitis, rhinorrhea, hyper-pnea, croak, and pyrexia resulting from expiration of the "Stachybotrys mycotoxin." T-2 toxin affects cereals such as maize, wheat, rice, barley, oats, and soy beans and their by-products and has a deleterious effect on human and animal well-being. T-2 toxin and its metabolites show acute symptoms to humans once ingested. The half-lives of the toxin and its breakdown compounds are usually very short, and they are removed from the body within 48 hours, but it depends on time, amount, and route of exposure. Maximum plasma concentration was reported in rodents. T-2 toxin has a thiol group, which facilitates inhibiting the crucial pathway of protein production by binding with peptidyl transferase enzyme and targets the 60s ribosomal unit, thus hindering translation process. © 2023 Pradeep Kumar, Madhu Kamle, and Dipendra Kumar Mahato.
Selenite bioreduction with concomitant green synthesis of selenium nanoparticles by a selenite resistant EPS and siderophore producing terrestrial bacterium
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2023) Pooja Yadav; Shraddha Pandey; Santosh Kumar Dubey
Environmental bacterial isolates play a very important role in bioremediation of metals and toxic metalloids. A bacterial strain with high selenite (SeO32−) tolerance and reducing capability was isolated from electronic waste dump site in Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India. Based on 16 S rRNA sequencing and BLAST search, this bacterial isolate was identified as Bacillus paramycoides and designated as strain MF-14. It tolerated Sodium selenite up to 110 mM when grown aerobically in LB broth and reduced selenite into elemental selenium (Se0) significantly within 24 h with concomitant biosynthesis of selenium nanoparticles as clearly revealed by brick red precipitate and specific surface plasmon resonance peak at 210 nm using UV–Visible spectrophotometer. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of this bacterial strain exposed to 1mM and 5 mM selenite also demonstrated morphological alterations as cell enlargement due to accumulation and bioprecipitation of elemental selenium (Se0). The FTIR analysis clearly demonstrated that functional groups present on the surface of biogenic selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) play a significant role in the stabilization and capping of SeNPs. Furthermore, these SeNPs were characterized using spectroscopic analysis involving Dynamic light scattering, zeta potential, XPS, FTIR, XRD and Raman spectroscopy which clearly revealed particle size 10–700 nm, amorphous nature, stability as well as it’s oxidation state. The biochemical studies have demonstrated that membrane bound reductase enzyme may be responsible for significant reduction of selenite into elemental selenium. Therefore, we may employ Bacillus paramycoides strain MF-14 successfully for bioremediation of selenite contaminated environmental sites with concomitant green synthesis of SeNPs. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.