Browsing by Author "Poonam Jaglan"

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Effects of Indo-Mediterranean style diet and low fat diet on incidence of diabetes in acute coronary syndromes
(Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2017) R.B. Singh; Banshi Saboo; Anuj Mahashwari; Kshitij Bharatdwaj; Narsingh Verma; Krasimira Hristova; S. Ghosh; M.A. Niaz; Jaipaul Singh; Ernest A. Adeghate; K.A. Bidasee; Mukta Singh; Anubha Mishra; Surbhi Tripathi; Diksha Singh; Smita Pandey; Swarnika Srivastava; Poonam Jaglan
Introduction: Obesity and diabetes are known to increase the risk of mortality due to acute coronary syndromes (ACSs). Effect of ACSs on risk of diabetes is unknown. This study examined the effect of the Mediterranean-style diet compared to a low-fat diet on incidence of obesity, diabetes and prediabetes in patients with ACSs. Subjects and Methods: A randomized, single-blind, controlled trial was carried out on 406 patients with ACSs diagnosed by WHO criteria. The intervention group received a low-energy Indo-Mediterranean diet and the control group received a fat-modified diet, according to the NCEP Step 1 diet. The main outcome measures were compliance with diets and weight loss at one year and frequency of obesity and diabetes and all-cause mortality after two years. Results: The intervention group received significantly greater amounts of Mediterranean-style foods and lower amounts of Western foods compared to the control group at one year of follow-up. The frequency of obesity and known diabetes, as well as prediabetes, was comparable in the two groups at the inception of the study. However, after 2 years, the incidence of obesity, known diabetes, as well as prediabetes (n = 55, 26.9%. vs. 11, 5.4%, P < 0.001) was significantly lower in the intervention group, compared to the reference. In contrast, the incidence of prediabetes was significantly increased in the control group compared to reference (n = 50, 20.2, vs. 58, 28.7%, P < 0.01). The incidence of prediabetes after 2 years was significantly higher in the control group compared to the intervention group (28.7% vs. 5.4%, P < 0.001). These findings were associated with a significantly greater adherence score for the Indo-Mediterranean diet in the intervention group compared to that for the diet of the control group. A greater weight loss of >0.5 kg was associated with significantly (p < 0.001) fewer cardiovascular events and less mortality, more so in the intervention group than in the control group. The total mortality was 14.7% in the intervention group and 25.2% in the control group (p < 0.01) after two years. Conclusions: The Indo-Mediterranean-style diet is effective in decreasing the incidence of known diabetes and prediabetes. However, in the control group, there is no decline in known diabetes but a significant increase in the incidence of prediabetes, compared to the reference indicating that ACSs may have predisposed subjects to prediabetes without any beneficial effect of the low-fat control diet. © 2017 Nova Science Publishers, Inc.
Modernization of policy for food manufacturing and farming may be necessary for global health
(Elsevier, 2018) Ram B. Singh; Jagdish P. Sharma; Toru Takahashi; Lekh R. Juneja; Ronald R. Watson; Rukam S. Tomar; Mukta Singh; Poonam Jaglan; Meenakshi Singh; Ester Halmy; Anil K. Chauhan; Ekasit Onsaard
The major noncommunicable diseases (NCDs)-obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases-are rapidly increasing in almost all countries and are now among the world’s biggest killers. NCDs are polygenic and multifactorial and pose a major challenge to economic development and urbanization being due to increased prosperity of populations with food security across the world. The contributing factors are multifaceted and complex, characterized with food production by farming and food manufacturing by the industry as well as by food prices determined by the governments. Other factors may be extensive advertisements by the food industry and inadequate legislation in labeling food contents. Health behavior related to population aging, urbanization, the globalization of trade and marketing, and the resulting progressive increase in unhealthy patterns of diets and eating also appear to be important. A change in policy aimed at manufacturing only slowly absorbed functional foods to be available at affordable price can increase the consumption of these foods. Plant breeding and genetic engineering should be used to develop new foods as a weapon to reduce the cost of expensive healthy foods such as walnuts and almonds as well as vegetables and fruits. © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
The Singh’s Concept of Functional Foods and Functional Farming (4 F) for World Health
(Elsevier, 2018) Toru Takahashi; Ram B. Singh; Sergey Chibisov; Rukam S. Tomar; Tanya Charkrabarti; Anil K. Chauhan; Ekasit Onsaard; Wiriya Phomkong; Hilton Chaves; Mukta Singh; Ratan Srivastav; Manushi Srivastav; Rana G. Singh; Poonam Jaglan
Economic development is associated with increased consumption of saturated fat, refined starchy foods with excess of salt and sugar, manufactured by the food industry, in conjunction with physical inactivity that are responsible for obesity and related noncommunicable (NCDs). However, functional foods characterized with traditional whole grains; wheat, grams, beans with fruits, vegetables, legumes, nuts, olive oil, mustard oil/canola oil have been found to be protective against NCDs. Obesity is one of the biggest risk factors of NCDs; cardiovascular diseases; hypertension, coronary artery disease, strokes, heart failure, and other types of chronic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, cancer, chronic respiratory diseases, bone and joint diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases. There is a prospect to develop an international unanimity on how to forestall undernutrition, via increased food availability, through Functional Foods and Functional Farming (4 F), so that there is no rise in human vulnerability to obesity and NCDs. Previous attempts with food security via energy-rich products such as manufactured foods as well as food produced via farming (more energy, less nutrients) have resulted into increased burden of obesity. It has been demonstrated that an Indo-Mediterranean dietary pattern characterized with functional foods; whole grains, vegetables, fruits, nuts, and fish in conjunction with olive oil plus mustard or canola oil can help the prevention of various diseases. Further attempts must be made to provide nutrient rich feedstock to animals and birds and soil for growth of foods to develop new functional foods, such as Sim’s egg, to increase food availability. © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.