Browsing by Author "Prabhat Kumar Singh"

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A decision support system for localized planning of reclaimed water around wastewater treatment plants
(Springer, 2024) Ria Ranjan Srivastava; Prabhat Kumar Singh
Exploding population, industrialization, and an increase in water pollution has led to acute shrinkage in freshwater availability. Numerous countries have started exploring municipal wastewater as a new potential source of water to bring a paradigm shift from linearity to obtaining circularity in human water cycle management. This study aims to develop a decision support system for integrated water and wastewater management (DSS_IWWM), targeted towards reuse-focused selection of appropriate wastewater treatment technology, and localized planning around STPs in terms of reclaimed water demand identification, estimation, allocation, and sustainable pricing. The developed DSS_IWWM comprises of a repository of fourteen reuse purposes, reuse quality criteria, and 25 wastewater treatment technologies (WWTTs) in 360 combinations. It is sensitive to local resource scenarios and applies a socioeconomic and technology-focused methodology for addressing the interests of the community and investing agencies and viably. To validate the application of the DSS_IWWM, it is first tested with data from three cities in the state of Uttar Pradesh (India)—Lucknow, Prayagraj, and Agra—and then extended to nine more Indian cities with varying influent quality characteristics, resource inputs, existing STP technologies, and same target quality and decision criteria prioritization, to present a comparison of appropriate WWTTs and associated average prices obtained in different scenarios. It is concluded that influent quality, existing technology, and target quality criteria play significant role in selection of appropriate WWTTs. The traditional technologies such as UASB and ASP are required to be augmented and supplemented with high-performing WWTTs, such as BIOFOR-F with (C + F + RSF) and SBT + WP to obtain desired effluent quality. High-performing advanced oxidation process (AOP)-based systems such as A2O, SBR, and BIOFOR-F require WWTTs with relatively lower average costs (such as SBT and OP). The developed DSS_IWWM may prove to be very useful and beneficial for policymakers, government officials, engineers, and scientific community as it will facilitate rational decision-making for efficient investment planning in reuse focused wastewater treatment towards achieving circular economy in sustainable water resource management. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024.
Amphotericin B therapy in children with visceral leishmaniasis: Daily vs. alternate day, a randomized trial
(Oxford University Press, 2010) Utpal Kant Singh; Rajniti Prasad; Bir Prakash Jaiswal; Prabhat Kumar Singh; C.P. Thakur
A randomized study was carried out to compare the efficacy and adverse reactions of daily vs. alternate day regimens of amphotericin B in children with visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Six hundred and five children of VL below 14 years of age were randomized into two groups; Group A (302), who received amphotericin B at a dose of 1 mg kg. -1 day. -1 for 15 days and Group B (303); same doses but on alternate days. All patients in both groups were cured, who had completed course of amphotericin B therapy. None had relapsed at 1 and 6 months of follow-up. Adverse reactions in both groups were non-significant. The duration of stay and cost of therapy was significantly lower in Group A children who left the hospital against medical advice, which was also significantly more in Group B. Thus, daily regimen of amphotericin B is equally effective, well tolerated, not more toxic and cost-effective than alternate day regimen, which is currently practiced. © The Author [2010]. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved.
Biomethanation potential of algal biomass
(Springer International Publishing, 2017) Barkha Vaish; Pooja Singh; Prabhat Kumar Singh; Rajeev Pratap Singh
[No abstract available]
Energy and nutrient recovery from agro-wastes: Rethinking their potential possibilities
(Korean Society of Environmental Engineers, 2020) Barkha Vaish; Vaibhav Srivastava; Prabhat Kumar Singh; Pooja Singh; Rajeev Pratap Singh
Agricultural sector has inescapably drawn attention towards itself due to growing concern over population explosion, changing climate and depletion of resources. Advancements in technology have caused rapid boost in farm productivity and hence huge production of agro-wastes. There have been massive deteriorating impacts of agro-wastes on existing environmental conditions, creating wide scale environmental pollution as well as biodiversity loss. Since, agro-wastes have huge potential in the form of energy and nutrient recovery (ENR), amalgamations of different technologies would promote sustainability. ENR not only adjoins an added profitable product but also facilitates to close environmental nutrient cycles. This provides a substitute to existing unsustainable approaches that are energy demanding and reliant on nonrenewable sources of energy. This review underpins why ENR from agro-waste must be key concern in production of array of higher value products. © 2020 Korean Society of Environmental Engineers.
Evaluating groundwater depletion under natural and induced stresses: a numerical modeling approach toward aquifer sustainability
(IWA Publishing, 2024) Ankit Tewari; Prabhat Kumar Singh; Shishir Gaur; Ranveer Kumar; Shreyansh Mishra
The ever-increasing demand for freshwater has led to the overexploitation of aquifers. Despite its known importance, integrated studies reckoning the impact of external stress on budget components are limited. This study assessed the spatiotemporal impact of recharge and abstraction stresses in Lower Betwa River Basin (LBRB) aquifers, India, from 2003 to 2020, using SWAT and MODFLOW-NWT models. The simulated difference in groundwater inflow and outflow components was accounted by a net cumulative storage loss of 36.5 Mm3/year. Mann-Kendall trend analysis indicated that about 62 % of the LBRB showed a declining trend in groundwater levels (0 - 1.2 m/year), 30% of the area had no significant trend and around 8% area showed an increasing trend. Spatial storage variations indicated that 78% of basin area was under stable aquifer systems while 1.6% area was under very high storage stress. Application of management scenarios to reduce groundwater storage loss exhibited that a 20% reduction in abstraction rates would reduce storage loss by 29% and 16% in Bamaur and Gursarai blocks. An integrated approach of abstraction reduction and increased inflow through managed aquifer recharge was the most suitable management solution to offset groundwater depletion and achieve long term sustainability in the LBRB. © 2024 The Authors.
Exploring untapped energy potential of urban solid waste
(Joint Center on Global Change and Earth System Science of the University of Maryland and Beijing Normal University, 2016) Barkha Vaish; Vaibhav Srivastava; Pooja Singh; Anita Singh; Prabhat Kumar Singh; Rajeev Pratap Singh
There is continuous increase in quantum and variety of waste being generated by anthropogenic activities. Burgeoning amount of waste being generated has potential to harm the environment and human health. Aggravating the problem, ever-increasing energy demand is putting strain on the non-renewable sources of energy and there is huge gap between the demand and supply of energy. This has led the scientific communities to adopt innovative methods to reduce, reuse and recycle them. Therefore, there is an urgent need to minimize the quantity of waste and meet the current demand profile of energy is required; technologies to recover energy from waste can play a vital role in substantial energy recovery and reduction in waste for final disposal; in addition to meet the rising energy requirement. Generating power from waste has greatly reduced the environmental impact and dependency on fossil fuels for electricity generation. Economically also it is an optimal solution for recovery of heat and power from waste. This paper gives an overview of energy potential stored in waste, major available waste-to-energy technologies and also strategic action plan for implementation of these technologies. © 2016, Joint Center on Global Change and Earth System Science of the University of Maryland and Beijing Normal University and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
Preparation and properties of hydrous bismuth oxides for nitrate removal from aqueous solutions
(Elsevier B.V., 2012) Prabhat Kumar Singh; Arun Lal Srivastav; Deepak Kumar Ghosh; Yogesh Chandra Sharma
With an ultimate objective of developing an inorganic sorptive media for nitrate removal from water for drinking purpose, preparation and properties of hydrous bismuth oxides (HBOs) were studied. Three HBOs, designated as HBO1, HBO2 and HBO3 were prepared using 0.1 M Bi2O3 solution in 2 N HCl and 2 N NaOH in 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3 volumetric proportions respectively. In column tests, with 1 meq l−1 (=14 mg N l−1) nitrate in distilled water as influent solution, HBO1, HBO2 and HBO3 were found to remove 0.6, 1.2 and 1.4 mg N g−1 (dry mass basis) at controlled flow rates of 1.20–1.45, 1.45–2.10 and 1.30–2.10 ml min−1 from the respective columns. Regeneration attempt of the used media by passing 0.1 N NaOH solution gave a nitrate recovery ratio (RR) of 0.9 for HBO1 and HBO2 and 0.5 for HBO3. In the second cycle of nitrate laden water application, whereas HBO2 and HBO3 showed decreased nitrate removals, HBO1 exhibited increased uptake. On dry mass basis HBO1, HBO2 and HBO3 precipitates showed a nitrate removal of 1.1, 0.7, and 1.0 mg N g−1 respectively in the second cycle. Thus, in two cycles HBO1, HBO2 and HBO3 precipitates were found to remove 1.7, 1.9 and 2.4 mg nitrate from solution per g (dry mass) respectively. The effluent pH remains fairly in the range of 7.0 to 8.9, indicating that OH− ions are not released from HBOs in significant quantity due to nitrate sorption. The precipitates apparently held appreciable amount of chloride which may play important role in nitrate removal process. © 2012 Elsevier Inc.
Prospects of biomethanation in indian urban solid waste: Stepping towards a sustainable future
(Springer, 2016) Barkha Vaish; Abhijit Sarkar; Pooja Singh; Prabhat Kumar Singh; Chandan Sengupta; Rajeev Pratap Singh
Industrialization and urbanization together have a cumulative effect on generating significant amounts of urban solid waste which leads to increasing threats to the environment. India with a population of about 1.27 billion people alone generates about 0.2–0.5 kg of waste day−1 capita−1 of which around 40–50 % is organic in nature. According to published reports, if these organic fractions of the waste are not treated properly and reach the landfill site; they can become a major source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and causes leaching of harmful pollutants. These GHG and newly generated pollutants have been found to have detrimental effects on ground water, and create imbalances in the ecosystem. Therefore, ‘need of the hour’ is to utilize the energy that is stored in the waste through different available technologies like composting, vermicomposting, fermentation and biomethanation etc. The process of biomethanation appears to be a more reliable and promising technology as it not only aims to solve the problem of organic solid waste, but also provides sustainable energy in the form of biogas. Moreover, when compared with other technologies, biomethanation is economic, eco-friendly and less labor intensive. Even though several research studies were conducted in the field of biomethanation, the process is still unpopular especially in developing countries due to lack of appropriate knowledge, treatment systems and due consideration by the government. © Springer Science+Business Media Singapore 2016.