Browsing by Author "Prabhat Kumar Singh Dikshit"

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A study on analytical techniques and statistical design for tertiary treatment of secondary wastewater using Zetag-4120 coagulant
(Indian Academy of Sciences, 2024) Priya Singh; Mahendra Kumar Pal; Prabhat Kumar Singh Dikshit; Goutham Banerjee
The primary and secondary wastewater treatments from different sewage treatment plants are of great importance not only for removing pollutants but also for using treated water for different purposes. The latter involves using suitable coagulants and their optimal dosages for the treatment. Given this, the present study identified the most suitable coagulant for tertiary treatment and its optimal dosage to achieve the maximum total suspended solids (TSS) and biological oxygen demand (BOD) removal. We used six coagulants (alum, ferric chloride, polyaluminium chloride (PAC), Zetag-4120, Mecafloc-25 and Rothfloc-27) and found that Zetag-4120 is the cost-efficient coagulant at varying coagulant dosage. We arrived at this conclusion based on several experiments using varying coagulant dosages. Furthermore, the regression prediction models for BOD and TSS removal for coagulant Zetag-4120 have been generated using statistical models and validated by calculating R2 value, F-test and Lack-of-fit test using ANOVA. Optimization analysis suggests the optimal dosage, initial wastewater pH and settling time to be 1.86 mg/l, 6.73 and 89.12 min respectively. Furthermore, BOD and TSS removal efficiency values are 50.0% and 92.4% respectively. The treated wastewater has BOD and TSS equal to 12.27 and 5.66 mg/l respectively, conforming to the standard for re-usability of treated water for unrestricted irrigation. © (2024), (Indian Academy of Sciences). All rights reserved.
Principal Causes of Soil Erosion in a Watershed from the Ganga Basin, India: Evidence from Land Use Land Cover Dynamics
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024) Nikita Shivhare Mitra; Akansha Rupal Nath; Khushboo Pachori; Shyam Bihari Dwivedi; Prabhat Kumar Singh Dikshit
Soil degradation is the primary issue faced by some of the countries including India. The main reason behind this problem is the soil erosion. So the primary objectives of this paper were to assess the potential impact of Land use land cover (LULC) dynamics and other principal causes of soil erosion on sediment yield. The evaluation of the impact of LULC dynamics was done with three scenarios (LULC of 2004 with climate data of 1995–2004, LULC of 2015 with climate data of 2005–2015, LULC of 2004 with climate data of 2005–2015). The soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) was used for all three scenarios to estimate the sediment yield. The calibration and validation of the SWAT model were done using the Sufi-2 algorithm. Multivariate linear regression technique was used to find out most dominating causes accountable for soil erosion. This study shows that due to the transition of Agriculture and Forest land to urban land and range land the average annual runoff is increased by 13% whereas the sediment yield is decreased by 26%. As the result of regression technique, we estimated that the coefficients of the variables for slope >40, Barren land type, agriculture land type and Soil type 3 (having Hydrological soil group C, with sandy Clay texture, and percentage of sand is dominant in this soil type) are the highest with values 2.95, 0.49, 0.25, and 0.13 respectively, which concludes that the slope is the dominant cause of soil erosion. Barren land and agricultural land are the most soil erosion prone LULC classes. Moreover, among the soil classes, soil type 3 was dominant causes of soil erosion. The R coefficient of the techniques was equal to 0.93 which shows the efficiency of the result. These results can be further utilized in land use planning and for applying effective measures for soil conservation. © 2024, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.