Browsing by Author "Prabhat Ranjan Oraon"

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Agroecosystem Service Management and Environmental Sustainability
(Springer Singapore, 2021) Abhishek Raj; Manoj Kumar Jhariya; Arnab Banerjee; Nahid Khan; Ram Swaroop Meena; Prabhat Ranjan Oraon; Shailesh Kumar Yadav
Agroecosystem means improving the agricultural ecosystem by human-induced management of trees, crops, and livestock in any land use system. Resource conservations, soil health management, minimizing environmental footprints, and climate change mitigation are key services through a healthy agroecosystem. Food demands due to burgeoning populations necessitated agricultural land expansion and intensive agricultural practices. Conversion of forest and other land use systems into agricultural land induces land degradation and leads to an increase in environmental footprints. Deforestation and other unsustainable land use practices ensure soil degradation and environmental pollutions. These unscientific and intensive agroecosystem practices lead to GHG emissions into the atmosphere causes carbon footprints. Thus, strategies for enhancing food production along with maintaining environmental health and quality are a smart choice of the modern day. High synthetic inputs and heavy mechanizations ensure higher production but at the cost of environmental health. Agroecosystem land expansionand practices affect other land use systems and related ecological services. These harsh and unscientific practices affect soil-food-climate security at a global scale. Thus, applying ecology-oriented sustainable agroecosystem practices ensures environmental sustainability and ecological stability. A sustainable modeling of agroecosystem will enhance biodiversity that intensifies uncountable ecosystem services. Agriculture, agroforestry, forestry, rangeland, etc. are different land use practices that build our sustainable environment. Applying eco-modeling and sustainable agroecosystem practices ensure higher production and profitability along with a healthy ecosystem. Climate-resilient agroecosystem practices and their ecological modeling enhance plant biomass productivity and soil health maintenance. These practices ensure soil fertility, higher SOC pools, healthy rhizosphere biology, and microbial populations on which entire biodiversitydepends. Thus, maintaining a healthy and productive agroecosystem is the pillar of a sustainable environment that ensure a healthier world. In lieu of the above, this chapter represents the potential, perspective, and management of the agroecosystem. A principle and practices of sustainable-based agroecosystem are also discussed. A rigorous discussion is also made on climate-resilient agroecosystem practices and modeling for minimizing carbon footprint to ensure environmental sustainability at a global scale. A bit of discussion on soil-foodclimate security through agroecosystem management makes this chapter more informative for policy makers worldwide. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021.
Plan and Policies for Soil Organic Carbon Management Under Agroforestry System
(Springer Nature, 2022) Manoj Kumar Jhariya; Abhishek Raj; Arnab Banerjee; Ram Swaroop Meena; Surendra Singh Bargali; Sandeep Kumar; Sharad Nema; P. Poonam; Prabhat Ranjan Oraon
Soil degradation is a major issue through various countries across the globe. During the present century, it was observed that land degradation has become a predominant phenomenon among different environmental perturbation. As per one estimate, 3 billion people (1/3) across the globe are suffering crisis situation in terms of land degradation. Anthropogenic process such as deforestation and land-use changes causes 30% reduction in C (carbon) stock. Further, faulty and unscientific agricultural practices cause more than 50% depletion of soil organic C. This in turn causes reduction of 5–7 tons C/hectare. Therefore, proper soil management along with maintenance of soil C pool becomes important from the context of arresting further soil degradation. In this connection, 122 countries across the globe have already initiated land restoration and rehabilitation programs. Considering this fact sustainable land-use practices in the form of agroforestry and ecofriendly farming become essential component for well-being of human civilization. Agroforestry has huge potential to provide 50% demand of fuelwood, 60% of small timber, 75% of plywood, 60% of paper pulp raw material, and up to 10% green fodder requirement with a ground coverage of 29.38 million hectare (8.94% of country’s area). This in turn contributes up to 38% of C sink to the total sink of forest and other vegetation of the country. Proper policy and planning are essential requirement to properly manage soil C and maintain the long-term soil sustainability. Key policy issues include 4p1000; Bonn Challenge has been initiated throughout the world for proper management of soil health and sustainability. For C management and maintenance of soil fertility practices such land degradation neutrality, sustainable land management is the effective measure. In this perspective, key policy agenda includes Agenda 2030 Target 15.3 on Land Degradation Neutrality which has already been initiated for public awareness regarding soil resources. Further, more than 60 countries are working in the field of integrated soil fertility management for soil organic C buildup through agroforestry. Agroforestry implementation through National Agroforestry Policy 2014 is a masterstroke for India to implement agroforestry practices under diverse land use prioritizing 20 multipurpose tree species under policy perspective. Overall, suitable policy and planning on case-to-case basis are required to formulate to achieve the 2030 goal of sustainable development. © The Editor(s)(if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2022.