Browsing by Author "Pradeep K. Rai"

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A Critical Appraisal of India's Self-Reliance in Agriculture
(Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2023) Pradeep K. Rai; Naveen K. Sharma; Vinod K. Singh; Ashwani K. Rai
One of the principal themes of this book is to explore whether agriculture can foster economic development in the country or not. If so, what steps have to be taken and models to be adopted? Structural transformation from agriculture to manufacturing and services is inevitable as a country develops. The role of agriculture in economic development and poverty reduction has long been debated. Due to the growth in agriculture, food becomes cheaper, farm incomes increase, thereby creating more jobs, and increased incomes stimulate economic diversification. Thus, development in the agricultural sector propels the rest of the economy. Hence, there is a need for greater resource allocation in favor of agriculture, particularly in predominantly agrarian areas. These concepts are explored through the chapters of this book. © 2023 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.
Discrimination of gallbladder stone employing Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) and Photoacoustic Spectroscopy (PAS)
(Elsevier B.V., 2021) Zainab Gazali; Rohit Kumar; Pradeep K. Rai; Pramod K. Rai; Awadhesh K. Rai; Surya N. Thakur
Compositional analysis of gallstone samples has been carried out, using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) and Photoacoustic Spectroscopy (PAS). Classification of gallstone has been made on the basis of intensities of the inorganic and organic constituents present in the LIBS spectra. A regression plot is drawn between LIBS spectral intensities of organic & inorganic elements and the stoichiometric ratio of Cholesterol, Bilirubin and Calcium Carbonate. Atomic lines of various elements, as well as molecular signatures of CaO Orange band, CN Violet band, and C2 Swan band, are observed in LIBS spectra. The relative hardness of gallstones is estimated from the intensity ratio of ionic to neutral atomic lines of the species observed in LIBS spectra. PAS is used for detecting molecular constituents in the gallstones. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is performed for the discrimination of gallstones. It is found that PAS data, in combination with LIBS provide a suitable method for the compositional analysis of gallstones. © 2021 Elsevier B.V.
Introduction: Agriculture for development
(Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2023) Pradeep K. Rai; Naveen K. Sharma; Vinod K. Singh; Ashwani K. Rai
[No abstract available]
Poly-β-hydroxybutyrate production by the cyanobacterium scytonema geitleri bharadwaja under varying environmental conditions
(MDPI AG, 2019) Manoj K. Singh; Pradeep K. Rai; Anuradha Rai; Surendra Singh; Jay Shankar Singh
The production of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) under varying environmental conditions (pH, temperature and carbon sources) was examined in the cyanobacterium Scytonema geitleri Bharadwaja isolated from the roof-top of a building. The S. geitleri produced PHB and the production of PHB was linear with the growth of cyanobacterium. The maximum PHB production (7.12% of dry cell weight) was recorded when the cells of S. geitleri were at their stationary growth phase. The production of PHB was optimum at pH 8.5 and 30 °C, and acetate (30 mM) was the preferred carbon source. © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
Quantitative analysis of gallstones using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy
(OSA - The Optical Society, 2008) Vivek K. Singh; Vinita Singh; Awadhesh K. Rai; Surya N. Thakur; Pradeep K. Rai; Jagdish P. Singh
The utility of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) for categorizing different types of gallbladder stone has been demonstrated by analyzing their major and minor constituents. LIBS spectra of three types of gallstone have been recorded in the 200-900 nm spectral region. Calcium is found to be the major element in all types of gallbladder stone. The spectrophotometric method has been used to classify the stones. A calibration-free LIBS method has been used for the quantitative analysis of metal elements, and the results have been compared with those obtained from inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) measurements. The single-shot LIBS spectra from different points on the cross section (in steps of 0.5 mm from one end to the other) of gallstones have also been recorded to study the variation of constituents from the center to the surface. The presence of different metal elements and their possible role in gallstone formation is discussed. © 2008 Optical Society of America.