Browsing by Author "Prakash Chandra Rath"

Now showing 1 - 2 of 2

Advances in Insect Resistance Breeding against Brown Planthopper and Gall Midge in Rice
(Springer Nature, 2022) Aishwarya Ray; G. Basana Gowda; Naveen Kumar B. Patil; Guru Pirasanna Pandi; Totan Adak; Haramohan Pradhan; Srinivasa Narayana; Prakash Chandra Rath
There is always a silent war ongoing between the plants and the insects, and during the long run, the insects emerge triumphant. Time and tide the pest management tactics such as chemical usage although manage the pest to a certain level but they also sometimes hamper the natural enemies that bring down the pest population. Indiscriminate usage of insecticides also results in developing adaptation to the particular toxic compound. Similar is the case of host plant resistance. Their adaptation is rapid, thus leading to the breakdown of resistance. Hence, there is a need to incorporate the molecular and the genetic tools that will confer resistance against inexorable pest. The molecular approach such as subduing of serotonin biosynthesis and instigating the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) in cereal crops such as rice affects the feeding behavior of the insects triggering a defense response. Similarly in gall midge, 11 R (Gm1 to Gm11) genes and seven distinct biotypes have been characterized in the tropics like India. Breeding programs for gall midge resistance have shown promise due to monogenic nature of resistance. These advances in rice genetics have opened new avenues for the development of genetically engineered plants a stable pest management approach. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2022.
Genetic diversity and population structure analysis of rice false smut pathogen in North India using molecular markers
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2022) Prahlad Masurkar; Manas Kumar Bag; Anuprita Ray; Rakesh Kumar Singh; Mathew S. Baite; Prakash Chandra Rath
False smut, caused by Ustilaginoidea virens, is one of the emerging diseases of rice in the world. The fungi show a high degree of morphological and cultural variability and produce diverse symptoms. India is a vast country with 44-million-ha rice production area and has only one report on genetic diversity and population analysis of U. virens from the eastern and north-eastern region. Ten polymorphic RAPD and 21 SSR markers were used to analyse the genetic diversity and population structure of 81 isolates of U. virens from northern India, the second largest rice-growing region. In this study, higher Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) and Quality Nature of Data (QND) data in simple-sequence repeats (SSR) markers over random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) revealed its higher efficacy; thus, SSR markers are highly informative and can help to dissect the genetic structures of U. virens. All markers yielded a total of 180 alleles with 1.0 effective alleles per loci. Genetic diversity ranged from 0.1 to 0.39. The principal coordinate analysis (PCoA), and structure analysis identified two genetic clusters of U. virens isolates with some degree of distinctness according to locations. But clusters, PCoA and structure analysis did not group the isolates according to their geographical origin and this may be due to high gene flow (Nm = 1.14). © 2021 Wiley-VCH GmbH