Browsing by Author "Pramod Kumar"

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A fuzzy causal relational mapping and rough set-based model for context-specific human error rate estimation
(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2021) Suprakash Gupta; Pramod Kumar; Gunda Yuga Raju
Safety is of paramount importance in high-risk systems. Safe and reliable operation of a system depends mainly on its key component, ‘the human’. Human error is pivotal in an accident sequence and the rate of error is instrumental in the analysis of accidents which focuses on the development of interventions. However, assessing the rate of human error is a big challenge. Human performance and the rate of error are governed by the context of work. This study discusses a fuzzy rule-based causal relational mapping approach to investigate the variability of the human error rate with context. Different contexts are mapped onto the human error rate estimated from the reported accident cases. This mapping develops a causal relational diagram which can be used for predicting the human error rate in any context. Such information is useful to identify problems of areas and to develop safety countermeasures. © 2019 Central Institute for Labour Protection–National Research Institute (CIOP-PIB).
A theoretical framework on return on investment (ROI) in academic libraries
(Emerald Group Holdings Ltd., 2022) Shriram Pandey; Pramod Kumar
Purpose: This paper aims to understand the Return on Investment (ROI) of academic libraries. It shows different aspects of returns on investment from academic libraries (ROI concept, components, calculating ROI). The study helps the academic libraries to know the efficiency, performance and achievement in terms of students, research scholars, teachers and staff should be enhanced to increase returns on library investment. Design/methodology/approach: This research paper discusses various formulas for calculating ROI from the academic library, like the general ROI formula, the concept of origin ROI's formula and models. However, the study set forth some of the limitations. The study is limited to the ROI analysis of academic Libraries. It is believed that study may be helpful to the libraries to understand the concept of return on investment to offer better library services. Findings: The study helps understands the concept of return on investment from academic libraries and services. In times of economic crisis and budgetary constraints, Library Advocacy needs to determine the economic value of resources in institutions to assist in decision-making. This paper presents more extensive study aimed at recognizing the importance of academic libraries. The economic and social pressure to affirm the position of libraries in academic libraries depends on demonstrating their importance, especially in terms of return on investment. Though it is important to get insight into returns, it has several challenges which are outlined and discussed. Originality/value: This research can also be useful in decision-making, library collection development and system analysis of the institutional library. ROI presents an essential parameter for increasing the ranking system of the institution. ROI is considered the most important metrics for evaluating the value of libraries is the return on investment. © 2022, Emerald Publishing Limited.
Adenosine deaminase activity in sera of patients with visceral leishmaniasis in India
(2008) Kiran Tripathi; Ramesh Kumar; Kalpana Bharti; Pramod Kumar; RajKamal Shrivastav; Shyam Sundar; Kalpana Pai
Background: Serum adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity increases in diseases where cellular immunity is involved. Since cell-mediated immune responses play a paramount role in the pathogenesis and healing of the visceral leishmaniasis, therefore, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the serum ADA activity in different pathological conditions. Methods: Adenosine deaminase was determined in sera of active visceral leishmaniasis (VL) patients at diagnosis and at posttreatment (n = 22), healthy controls (n = 15), patients with malaria (n = 10), leprosy (n = 10) and tuberculosis (n = 10). Results: Serum levels of ADA were significantly higher in active VL patients as compared to controls and patients with other diseases. ADA levels were also raised in patients with malaria, though not significantly as compared with active VL patients. Sera from VL patients at posttreatment showed significantly decreased ADA levels over sera from patients at diagnosis. Conclusions: The results therefore suggest that ADA is involved in the pathogenesis and could be used as a clinical marker in the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Antimicrobial properties of black grape (Vitis vinifera L.) peel extracts against antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacteria and toxin producing molds
(Medknow Publications, 2015) Devbrat Yadav; Arvind Kumar; Pramod Kumar; Diwaker Mishra
Aim: Black grape peel possesses a substantial amount of polyphenolic antimicrobial compounds that can be used for controlling the growth of pathogenic microorganisms. The purpose of this study was to assess antibacterial and antifungal activity of black grape peel extracts against antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacteria and toxin producing molds, respectively. Materials and Methods: Peel of grape was subjected to polyphenolic extraction using different solvents viz., water, ethanol, acetone, and methanol. Antibiotic-resistant strains of Staphylococcusaureus,Enterococcusfaecalis, Enterobacteraerogenes,Salmonella typhimurium, and Escherichiacoli were screened for the antibacterial activity of different grape extracts. Antibacterial activity was analyzed using agar well diffusion method. Penicilliumchrysogenum, Penicilliumexpansum, AspergillusNiger and Aspergillusversicolor were screened for the antifungal activity. Antifungal activity was determined by counting nongerminated spores in the presence of peel extracts. Results: As compared to other solvent extracts, methanol extracts possessed high antibacterial and antifungal activity. S.typhimurium and E. coli showed complete resistance against antibacterial action at screened concentrations of grape peel extracts. Maximum zone of inhibition was found in case of S.aureus, i.e., 22 mm followed by E.faecalis and E.aerogenes, i.e., 18 and 21 mm, respectively, at 1080 mg tannic acid equivalent (TAE)/ml. The maximum and minimum percent of growth inhibition was shown by P.expansum and A.Niger as 73% and 15% at 1080 TAE/ml concentration of grape peel extract, respectively. Conclusions: Except S.typhimurium and E.coli, growth of all bacterial and mold species were found to be significantly (P < 0.05) inhibited by all the solvent extracts. © 2015 Indian Journal of Pharmacology Published by Wolters Kluwer.
Categorization and standardization of accidental risk-criticality levels of human error to develop risk and safety management policy
(Elsevier, 2016) Pramod Kumar; Suprakash Gupta; Mudit Agarwal; Umesh Singh
In addition to increasing mechanization, technology upgradation and process automation, safety enhancement in systems operation is one of the key parameters of productivity improvement. Now, it is an established fact that human error plays a crucial role in accidents and needs to be addressed adequately in risk and safety management. This paper aims at assessing, categorizing and setting standards for human error risk and criticality of system activities. Based on the classification and standardizations of human error rate, consequences of human error and criticality index of errors, different policy decisions for risk and safety management are suggested. The proposed methodology has been demonstrated with reference to the system activities of an underground coal mining system. However developed method can be equally adapted to other systems. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd.
Chemical composition, source apportionment of rainwater, and its contribution to nutrient deposition at an urban site of the middle Indo-Gangetic Plain region
(Elsevier B.V., 2025) Sanny Rathore; Kirpa Ram; Pramod Kumar; Arnab Mondal
The study of rainwater chemistry plays an important role in understanding scavenging processes, sources of atmospheric pollutants, and impacts on ecosystems. This study investigated the chemical composition, variations, and potential sources influencing rainwater chemistry in Varanasi, India from 2018 to 2022. A total of 158 event-based monsoonal rainwater samples were analyzed for physical (pH, EC and TDS) and major ionic species (Clˉ, Fˉ, NO3ˉ, SO42−, PO43−, Mg2+, Ca2+, NH4+, Na+ and K+). The average rainwater pH was 6.22 ± 0.45 (n = 158) with ∼92 % of the samples being alkaline with the dominance of Ca2+ and NH4+ ions, whereas the rest of the samples were acidic in nature with high SO42ˉ and NO3ˉ levels. NH4+ concentrations increased significantly until 2020, while those of Ca2+, K+, and Mg2+ initially decreased and rose after 2020. The study highlighted significant deposition of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (in the form of NO3−, NO2−, and NH4+). The average monsoonal nitrogen deposition flux was 8.04 kg ha−1 with significant contributions from NO3− (3.36) and NH4+ (4.67). In contrast, the deposition of inorganic phosphorus was significantly lower (∼0.72 kg ha−1). Thus, the rainwater deposition contributed to overall nutrient deposition, specially N and P which could significantly impact the ecosystem. Neutralization and enrichment factors indicated influences from crustal and anthropogenic sources. This is also evident from the study as ∼99 % of Ca2+ and ∼98 % of SO42− fractions were determined to be of non-marine origin. Over 800 brick kilns were identified around Varanasi and contributing to an increased NO3−, SO42− and particulate matter. The Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) technique identified sea-salt, crustal dust, fossil fuel and biomass combustion, and agricultural emissions as potential sources of major ionic constituents over Varanasi. © 2025 Turkish National Committee for Air Pollution Research and Control
Co-Implementation of Tillage, Precision Nitrogen, and Water Management Enhances Water Productivity, Economic Returns, and Energy-Use Efficiency of Direct-Seeded Rice
(MDPI, 2022) Vijay Pratap; Anchal Dass; Shiva Dhar; Subhash Babu; Vinod Kumar Singh; Raj Singh; Prameela Krishnan; Susama Sudhishri; Arti Bhatia; Sarvendra Kumar; Anil Kumar Choudhary; Renu Singh; Pramod Kumar; Susheel Kumar Sarkar; Sunil Kumar Verma; Kavita Kumari; Aye Aye San
The sustainability of conventional rice (Oryza sativa L.) production systems is often questioned due to the over-mining of groundwater and environmental degradation. This has led to the development of cost-effective, resource-efficient, and environmentally clean rice production systems by optimizing water and nitrogen (N) use. Hence, a 2-year field study (2019 and 2020) was conducted at the ICAR–Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, to assess the effect of precision N and water management strategies on growth, land, and water productivity, as well as energy-use efficiency in scented direct-seeded rice (DSR). Two crop establishment methods, conventional-till DSR (CT-DSR) and zero-till DSR (ZT-DSR) along with three irrigation scenarios (assured irrigation (irrigation after 72 h of the drying of surface water), irrigation at 20% depletion of available soil moisture (DASM), and 40% DASM+Si (80 kg ha−1)) were assigned to the main plots; three N management options, a 100% recommended dose of N (RDN): 150 kg ha−1; Nutrient Expert® (NE®)+leaf color chart (LCC) and NE®+soil plant analysis development (SPAD) meter-based N management were allocated to sub-plots in a three-time replicated split-plot design. The CT-DSR produced 1.4, 11.8, and 89.4, and 2.4, 18.8, and 152.8% more grain yields, net returns, and net energy in 2019 and 2020, respectively, over ZT-DSR. However, ZT-DSR recorded 8.3 and 10.7% higher water productivity (WP) than CT-DSR. Assured irrigation resulted in 10.6, 16.1 16.9, and 8.1 and 12.3, 21.8 20.6, and 6.7% higher grain yields, net returns, net energy, and WP in 2019 and 2020, respectively, over irrigation at 20% DASM. Further, NE®+SPAD meter-based N management saved 27.1% N and recorded 9.6, 18.3, 16.8, and 8.3, and 8.8, 21.7, 19.9, and 10.7% greater grain yields, net returns, net energy, and WP over RDN in 2019 and 2020, respectively. Thus, the study suggested that the NE®+SPAD-based N application is beneficial over RDN for productivity, resource-use efficiency, and N-saving (~32 kg ha−1) both in CA-based and conventionally cultivated DSR. This study also suggests irrigating DSR after 72 h of the drying of surface water; however, under obviously limited water supplies, irrigation can be delayed until 20% DASM, thus saving two irrigations, which can be diverted to additional DSR areas. © 2022 by the authors.
Comparative study on conventional, ultrasonication and microwave assisted extraction of γ-oryzanol from rice bran
(Springer India, 2016) Pramod Kumar; Devbrat Yadav; Pradyuman Kumar; Paramjeet Singh Panesar; Durga Shankar Bunkar; Diwaker Mishra; H.K. Chopra
In present study, conventional, ultrasonic and microwave assisted extraction methods were compared with the aim of optimizing best fitting solvent and method, solvent concentration and digestion time for high yield of γ-oryzanol from rice bran. Petroleum ether, hexane and methanol were used to prepare extracts. Extraction yield were evaluated for giving high crude oil yield, total phenolic content (TPC) and γ-oryzanol content. Gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometry was used for the determination of γ-oryzanol concentration. The highest concentration of γ-oryzanol was detected in methanolic extracts of microwave treatment (85.0 ppm) followed by ultrasonication (82.0 ppm) and conventional extraction method (73.5 ppm). Concentration of γ-oryzanol present in the extracts was found to be directly proportional to the total phenolic content. A combination of 80 % methanolic concentration and 55 minutes digestion time of microwave treatment yielded the best extraction method for TPC and thus γ-oryzanol (105 ppm). © 2016, Association of Food Scientists & Technologists (India).
Conserved LBL1-ta-siRNA and miR165/166-RLD1/2 modules regulate root development in maize
(Company of Biologists Ltd, 2021) Vibhav Gautam; Archita Singh; Sandeep Yadav; Sharmila Singh; Pramod Kumar; Shabari Sarkar Das; Ananda K. Sarkar
Root system architecture and anatomy of monocotyledonous maize is significantly different from dicotyledonous model Arabidopsis. The molecular role of non-coding RNA (ncRNA) is poorly understood in maize root development. Here, we address the role of LEAFBLADELESS1 (LBL1), a component of maize trans-acting short-interfering RNA (ta-siRNA), in maize root development. We report that root growth, anatomical patterning, and the number of lateral roots (LRs), monocot-specific crown roots (CRs) and seminal roots (SRs) are significantly affected in lbl1-rgd1 mutant, which is defective in production of ta-siRNA, including tasiR-ARF that targets AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR3 (ARF3) in maize. Altered accumulation and distribution of auxin, due to differential expression of auxin biosynthesis and transporter genes, created an imbalance in auxin signalling. Altered expression of microRNA165/166 (miR165/166) and its targets, ROLLED1 and ROLLED2 (RLD1/2), contributed to the changes in lbl1-rgd1 root growth and vascular patterning, as was evident by the altered root phenotype of Rld1-O semi-dominant mutant. Thus, LBL1/tasiRNA module regulates root development, possibly by affecting auxin distribution and signalling, in crosstalk with miR165/166-RLD1/2 module. We further show that ZmLBL1 and its Arabidopsis homologue AtSGS3 proteins are functionally conserved. © 2021. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd
Development and biopharmaceutical evaluation of extended release formulation of tramadol hydrochloride based on osmotic technology
(Croatian Pharmaceutical Society, 2009) Pramod Kumar; Sanjay Singh; Brahmeshwar Mishra
Extended release formulation of tramadol hydrochloride (TRH) based on osmotic technology was developed and evaluated. Target release profile was selected and different variables were optimized to achieve it. Formulation variables such as the level of swellable polymer, plasticizer and the coat thickness of semipermeable membrane (SPM) were found to markedly affect drug release. TRH release was directly proportional to the levels of plasticizer but inversely proportional to the levels of swellable polymer and coat thickness of SPM. Drug release from developed formulations was independent of pH and agitation intensity but dependent on osmotic pressure of the release media. In vivo study was also performed on six healthy human volunteers and various pharmacokinetic parameters (cmax, tmax, AUC 0-24, MRT) and relative bioavailability were calculated. The in vitro and in vivo results were compared with the performance of two commercial TRH tablets. The developed formulation provided more prolonged and controlled TRH release compared to the marketed formulation. In vitro-in vivo correlation (IVIVC) was analyzed according to the Wagner-Nelson method. The optimized formulation (batch IVB) exhibited good IVIV correlation (R = 0.9750). The manufacturing procedure was found to be reproducible and formulations were stable over 6 months of accelerated stability testing.
Effect of integrated nutrient management on soil fertility, nutrient uptake and yield of rice-pea cropping system on an upland acid soil of Jharkhand
(2011) R.N. Singh; Surendra Singh; S.S. Prasad; V.K. Singh; Pramod Kumar
A field experiment was conducted during kharif and rabi seasons for two consecutive years of 2004-05 and 2005-06 with rice (Oryza sativa L.) and pea (Pisum sativum), grown in a sequence at Zonal Research Station, Darsai on an acid upland soil (Alfisol) of East Singhbhum to study the effect of N, P and K fertilizers with or without FYM, lime, sulphur and boron on yield, nutrient uptake and fertility status of soil available N, P, K and S. The highest grain yield of rice and pea was recorded in the treatment receiving 50% of recommended dose NPK fertilizers along with application of 5 t FYM + 250kg lime + 20kg S + 1kg B ha-1. Integrated use of FYM, lime, sulphur and boron with 50% RDF increased considerably total N, P, K and S uptake by rice-pea cropping system over the existing farmer's practice. Application of lime @ 250kg ha-1 in furrows along with 5 t FYM ha-1 and 50% RDF significantly improved the pH of soil after harvest of pea crop. Integrated nutrient management enhanced the organic carbon and available N, P, K and S contents in the soil. Highest net income and benefit:cost ratio was obtained with 50% RDF and integration of FYM, lime, sulphur and boron. Productivity of upland rice-pea cropping system and health of upland acid soil of East Singhbhum could be sustained by conjunctive use of FYM, lime, sulphur, boron along with 50% of the recommended NPK fertilizers.
Empowering farmers through future price information: A case study of price forecasting of brinjal in Eastern Uttar Pradesh
(The Society of Economics and Development, 2020) Pramod Kumar; P.S. Badal; R.K. Paul; G.K. Jha; P. Venkatesh; I.T. Kingsly; V. Kamalvanshi; M. Balasubramanian; P. Anbukkani
The study developed ARIMA forecasting model for brinjal prices for the markets of Eastern Uttar Pradesh. It was observed that the ARIMA (1,0,1) with non-zero mean was suitable for both Lucknow and Allahabad markets. ARIMA (2,0,0) (0,1,0) (52), ARIMA (1,1,0) (1,1,0) (52), ARIMA (1,1,2), ARIMA (2,0,0) (1,0,0) (52), ARIMA (3,1,1) were suitable for Delhi, Varanasi, Kolkata, Gorakhpur, and Kanpur markets, respectively, based on lowest AIC values. The farmers and other supply chain actors of Eastern Uttar Pradesh could plan their production and marketing activities looking into the price scenario projected for major markets in the study. The highest price of brinjal was likely to prevail in the Kolkata market. To exploit distant markets, the farmers need to organize themselves into groups to exploit economies of scale. © 2020 The Society of Economics and Development, except certain content provided by third parties.
Forecasting Potato Prices: Application of ARIMA Model
(AESSRA, 2022) Prakash Singh Badal; V. Kamalvanshi; Abha Goyal; Pramod Kumar; Biswajit Mondal
Price fluctuations in potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) concern consumers, farmers, and policymakers, and its accurate price prediction is important for all the stakeholders. In India, out of a total of 5.34 million ha of land under vegetables, potato occupies nearly 20.8 per cent of area. India produces 12.3 per cent of world potato production (around 45.34 million tons) and is next only to China. The major potato-producing states are highly concentrated in the Indo-gangetic plains of the country. Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal and Bihar account for 32.4, 26.9 and 14.6 per cent of national production of potato. The present study was designed to forecast the prices of potato in these three major potato-producing states of the country. Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average forecasting models - ARIMA (1,0,1) for Varanasi market, ARIMA (2,0,1) for Kolkata market, and the ARIMA (3,0,1) for Patna market were applied. The performance of the ARIMA models produced reliable forecast of prices of potatoes for all three major producing states. © 2022 AESSRA. All Rights Reserved.
Impact of Current Collectors on the Electrochemical Performance of Pseudocapacitive Material: Sr2FeCoO6
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2025) Pramod Kumar; Harish Chandra Verma; Aayush Mittal; Bhaskar Bhattacharya; Shail Upadhyay
This work reports the synthesis of Sr2FeCoO6, double perovskite, via a wet chemical method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and Rietveld refinement confirmed the successful formation of pure, single-phase perovskite structure with the (Formula presented.) space group. The Raman spectrum showed minor peaks, suggesting structural distortions likely caused by defects. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed irregularly shaped polycrystalline particles, while Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis indicated an average surface area of 3.01 m2/g and a pore diameter of 37.8 nm. Current collectors, namely, carbon Toray paper, carbon cloth, nickel foam, and nickel strip, were selected to evaluate the electrochemical properties of Sr2FeCoO6. The morphology of the current collectors was captured using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The electrochemical performance of bare and loaded (with Sr2FeCoO6) current collectors was assessed under similar measurement conditions. The high specific capacitance of the sample is observed over the carbon cloth and nickel foam to be 105.7 and 93.3 F/g, respectively, while bare carbon cloth shows very high capacitance. By comparing the performance of different current collectors, we have identified the key factors influencing the material's performance. This study will enhance our understanding of its potential applications in energy storage and other pertinent areas. © 2025 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Impact of ionic liquid incorporation on ionic transport and dielectric properties of PEO-lithium salt-based quasi-solid-state electrolytes: role of ion-pairing
(Springer, 2022) Sujeet Kumar Chaurasia; Manish Pratap Singh; Manoj K. Singh; Pramod Kumar; A.L. Saroj
The present paper reports the preparation and characterization of ionic liquid immobilized quasi-solid-state electrolytes (QS-SEs) “PEO-LiPF6-ionic liquid (IL)” with polymer PEO, dopant salt (LiPF6) and ionic liquid, BMIMPF6 having common anion (PF6-). AC impedance and Raman spectroscopic measurements showed that ionic conductivity (σ) of QS-SEs increases with IL-content and partly controlled by number of free mobile ions and their mobility/polymeric chain flexibility. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results showed that melting temperature (Tm), glass transition temperature (Tg) and degree of crystallinity (Xc) of QS-SEs decreases with IL-content due to the plasticization effect of added IL(BMIMPF6). Furthermore, the composition-dependent conductivity data with IL-concentration is discussed in terms of increasing amorphicity (or deceasing crystallinity) as well as ion-polymer and ion-ion interactions. Ion dynamics of QS-SEs is examined by converting the impedance data into different ionic transport formalisms like ionic mobility (μ), charge carrier density (N) using the loss tangent (tan δ) spectra and showing that amount of added IL/salt are the responsible factors for controlling overall ion transport mechanism. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
Investigation of La2FeO4-rGO nanocomposite electrode material for symmetric and asymmetric supercapacitor
(Elsevier Ltd, 2025) Harish Chandra Verma; Pramod Kumar; Satyendra Kumar Satyarthi; Bhaskar Bhattacharya; Akhilesh Kumar Singh; Shail Upadhyay
Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) oxides, represented by the general formula of An+1BnO3n+1, are emerging as promising electrode materials for supercapacitors (SCs) electrodes due to their stable crystal structure, rich oxygen vacancies, and good reversible redox behavior. In this study, La2FeO4 and 2D reduced graphene oxide (rGO) were synthesized via a solid-state reaction method and Modified Hummer method, respectively. Nanocomposites of La2FeO4/rGO in a varying weight ratios (0:1, 1:0, 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, and 1:5 wt %) were subsequently synthesized through a hydrothermal method. The synthesized La2FeO4 and optimized La2FeO4-rGO (1:4) nanocomposite were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-resolution SEM (HR-SEM), high-resolution transmission electron spectroscopy (HR-TEM) techniques and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) techniques. Electrochemical measurement evaluated in a 3 M KOH electrolyte solution revealing the remarkable performance of the composites. Fabricated symmetric supercapacitors (SSCs) based on La2FeO4-rGO (1:4)/La2FeO4-rGO (1:4) have demonstrated the gravimetric capacitance values of 633, 298, 226, 139, and 72 F/g at current densities of 1, 2, 3, 5, and 10 A/g, respectively. Similarly, an asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) configuration La2FeO4-rGO (1:4)/rGO have shown capacitance 197, 160, 108, 89, and 58 F/g values at the same current densities. SSCs and ASCs assemblies have exhibited outstanding capacitance retention (91.1 % for SSCs, 99.9 % for ASCs) and high coulombic efficiency (99.5 % for SSCs, and 74 % for ASCs). Additionally, these devices displayed a maximum specific power density (7.8 KW/kg for SSCs, and 20 KW/kg for ASCs) and a maximum specific energies (148 Wh/kg for SSCs, and 70 Wh/kg for ASCs). © 2025
Maternal and fetal factors associated with stillbirth in singleton pregnancies in 13 hospitals across six states in India: A prospective cohort study
(John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 2024) Yebeen Ysabelle Boo; Amrit K. Bora; Shakuntala Chhabra; Saswati S. Choudhury; Gitanjali Deka; Swapna Kakoty; Pramod Kumar; Pranabika Mahanta; Bina Minz; Anjali Rani; Sereesha Rao; Indrani Roy; Carolin Solomi V.; Ashok Verma; Farzana Zahir; Rupanjali Deka; Jennifer J. Kurinczuk; Manisha Nair
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the incidence of and risk factors for stillbirth in an Indian population. Methods: We conducted a secondary data analysis of a hospital-based cohort from the Maternal and Perinatal Health Research collaboration, India (MaatHRI), including pregnant women who gave birth between October 2018–September 2023. Data from 9823 singleton pregnancies recruited from 13 hospitals across six Indian states were included. Univariable and multivariable Poisson regression analysis were performed to examine the relationship between stillbirth and potential risk factors. Model prediction was assessed using the area under the receiver-operating characteristic (AUROC) curve. Results: There were 216 stillbirths (48 antepartum and 168 intrapartum) in the study population, representing an overall stillbirth rate of 22.0 per 1000 total births (95% confidence interval [CI]: 19.2–25.1). Modifiable risk factors for stillbirth were: receiving less than four antenatal check-ups (adjusted relative risk [aRR]: 1.75, 95% CI: 1.25–2.47), not taking any iron and folic acid supplementation during pregnancy (aRR: 7.23, 95% CI: 2.12–45.33) and having severe anemia in the third trimester (aRR: 3.37, 95% CI: 1.97–6.11). Having pregnancy/fetal complications such as hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (aRR: 1.59, 95% CI: 1.03–2.36), preterm birth (aRR: 4.41, 95% CI: 3.21–6.08) and birth weight below the 10th percentile for gestational age (aRR: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.02–1.79) were also associated with an increased risk of stillbirth. Identified risk factors explained 78.2% (95% CI: 75.0%–81.4%) of the risk of stillbirth in the population. Conclusion: Addressing potentially modifiable antenatal factors could reduce the risk of stillbirths in India. © 2024 The Authors. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics.
Maternal and perinatal Health Research Collaboration, India (MaatHRI): Methodology for establishing a hospital-based research platform in a low and middle income country setting
(F1000 Research Ltd, 2020) Manisha Nair; Babul Bezbaruah; Amrit Krishna Bora; Krishnaram Bora; Shakuntala Chhabra; Saswati S. Choudhury; Arup Choudhury; Dipika Deka; Gitanjali Deka; Vijay Anand Ismavel; Swapna D. Kakoty; Roshine M. Koshy; Pramod Kumar; Pranabika Mahanta; Robin Medhi; Pranoy Nath; Anjali Rani; Indrani Roy; Usha Sarma; Carolin Solomi V; Ratna Kanta Talukdar; Farzana Zahir; Michael Hill; Nimmi Kansal; Reena Nakra; Colin Baigent; Marian Knight; Jenny J. Kurinczuk
Background: Maternal and perinatal Health Research collaboration, India (MaatHRI) is a research platform that aims to improve evidence-based pregnancy care and outcomes for mothers and babies in India, a country with the second highest burden of maternal and perinatal deaths. The objective of this paper is to describe the methods used to establish and standardise the platform and the results of the process. Methods: MaatHRI is a hospital-based collaborative research platform. It is adapted from the UK Obstetric Surveillance System (UKOSS) and built on a pilot model (IndOSS-Assam), which has been extensively standardised using the following methods: (i) establishing a network of hospitals; (ii) setting up a secure system for data collection, storage and transfer; (iii) developing a standardised laboratory infrastructure; and (iv) developing and implementing regulatory systems. Results: MaatHRI was established in September 2018. Fourteen hospitals participate across four states in India - Assam, Meghalaya, Uttar Pradesh and Maharashtra. The research team includes 20 nurses, a project manager, 16 obstetricians, two pathologists, a public health specialist, a general physician and a paediatrician. MaatHRI has advanced standardisation of data and laboratory parameters, real-time monitoring of data and participant safety, and secure transfer of data. Four observational epidemiological studies are presently being undertaken through the platform. MaatHRI has enabled bi-directional capacity building. It is overseen by a steering committee and a data safety and monitoring board, a process that is not normally used, but was found to be highly effective in ensuring data safety and equitable partnerships in the context of low and middle income countries (LMICs). Conclusion: MaatHRI is the first prototype of UKOSS and other similar platforms in a LMIC setting. The model is built on existing methods but applies new standardisation processes to develop a collaborative research platform that can be replicated in other LMICs. © 2020 Nair M et al.
Maternal and perinatal Health Research Collaboration, India (MaatHRI): methodology for establishing a hospitalbased research platform in a low and middle income country setting [version 3; peer review: 2 approved]
(F1000 Research Ltd, 2021) Manisha Nair; Babul Bezbaruah; Amrit Krishna Bora; Krishnaram Bora; Shakuntala Chhabra; Saswati S. Choudhury; Arup Choudhury; Dipika Deka; Gitanjali Deka; Vijay Anand Ismavel; Swapna D. Kakoty; Roshine M. Koshy; Pramod Kumar; Pranabika Mahanta; Robin Medhi; Pranoy Nath; Anjali Rani; Indrani Roy; Usha Sarma; Carolin Solomi V; Ratna Kanta Talukdar; Farzana Zahir; Michael Hill; Nimmi Kansal; Reena Nakra; Colin Baigent; Marian Knight; Jenny J. Kurinczuk
Background: Maternal and perinatal Health Research collaboration, India (MaatHRI) is a research platform that aims to improve evidencebased pregnancy care and outcomes for mothers and babies in India, a country with the second highest burden of maternal and perinatal deaths. The objective of this paper is to describe the methods used to establish and standardise the platform and the results of the process. Methods: MaatHRI is a hospital-based collaborative research platform. It is adapted from the UK Obstetric Surveillance System (UKOSS) and built on a pilot model (IndOSS-Assam), which has been extensively standardised using the following methods: (i) establishing a network of hospitals; (ii) setting up a secure system for data collection, storage and transfer; (iii) developing a standardised laboratory infrastructure; and (iv) developing and implementing regulatory systems. Results: MaatHRI was established in September 2018. Fourteen hospitals participate across four states in India – Assam, Meghalaya, Uttar Pradesh and Maharashtra. The research team includes 20 nurses, a project manager, 16 obstetricians, two pathologists, a public health specialist, a general physician and a paediatrician. MaatHRI has advanced standardisation of data and laboratory parameters, realtime monitoring of data and participant safety, and secure transfer of data. Four observational epidemiological studies are presently beingundertaken through the platform. MaatHRI has enabled bi-directional capacity building. It is overseen by a steering committee and a data safety and monitoring board, a process that is not normally used, but was found to be highly effective in ensuring data safety and equitable partnerships in the context of low and middle income countries (LMICs). Conclusion: MaatHRI is the first prototype of UKOSS and other similar platforms in a LMIC setting. The model is built on existing methods but applies new standardisation processes to develop a collaborative research platform that can be replicated in other LMICs © 2021. Nair M et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
Medium effects of charged particles in Xe + Xe collisions at s N N = 5. 4 4 TeV using modified Tsallis distribution
(World Scientific, 2021) Pramod Kumar; P.K. Khandai; Kapil Saraswat; V. Singh
We present a systematic study of transverse momentum (pT) spectra of charged particles in p + p and Xe +Xe collisions at sNN = 5.44 TeV. The published data of invariant yields of charged particles as a function of pT is taken from ALICE at LHC in the mid-pseudorapidity region |η| < 0.8. The modified form of Tsallis distribution is used here to analyze the pT spectra of charged particles. The power law of Tsallis/Hagedorn form gives very good description of the charged particle spectra in p + p collisions within a pT range of 0.15 GeV/c to 50 GeV/c. When we go from p + p collisions to heavy-ion (Xe +Xe) collisions, the original form of Tsallis/Hagedorn distribution is not able to describe the pT spectra of charged particles properly. This may be occurred due to the medium effects or the final state effects. Here we discuss two types of medium effects of charged particles in Xe +Xe collisions, one is the transverse flow in the low to intermediate pT region (pT ≤ 7 GeV/c) and the other is the energy loss in the high pT region (pT > 7 GeV/c), using the modified Tsallis distribution. © 2021 World Scientific Publishing Company.