Browsing by Author "Pramod Kumar Rai"

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A Narrative Thematic Analysis of the perceived psychological distress and health outcomes in Indian adults during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic
(National Documentation Centre, 2023) Gyanesh Kumar Tiwari; Pramod Kumar Rai; Abhigyan Dwivedi; Bablu Ray; Ashutosh Pandey; Rakesh Pandey
COVID-19 represents a severe, novel, and harmful disease that posed worldwide new challenges to the well-being of people and culminated in negative life outcomes. The current study explored the perceived psychological distress and consequent health outcomes caused by COVID-19. The Narrative Thematic Analysis design was employed. Eighteen participants comprising 12 males and 6 females responded about their experiences of the recent outbreak of COVID-19. The data were collected through a telephonic semi-structured interview which was analyzed through the Thematic Analysis Method. Four themes were generated: maladaptive psychological outcomes of COVID-19, perceived poor social support, increased religious practices, and the development of physical health symptoms. Extreme anxiety, panic experiences, insecurity, helplessness, hyper-vigilance, and negative attributions represented the psychological distress, while decreased social interactions and imposed social distancing characterized the perceived social support. Increased reliance on myths, divine interpretations, and faith in God showed religious practices. Decreased hunger, insomnia, headache, breathing problems, and palpitation were some ill-health outcomes. The pandemic shaped the nature and extent of perceived psychological distress, social support, and religious practices. The first two may have caused negative health and well-being outcomes while the religious practices maintained equilibrium among the rest three. Immediate trans-disciplinary efforts for the effective prevention, treatment, and promotion of the affected people are recommended. Positive health practices embedded in different socio-cultural systems may also be explored to help people facing the negative consequences of the recent and future pandemics. The implications and limitations of the study have been discussed. © 2023, Gyanesh Kumar Tiwari, Pramod Kumar Rai, Abhigyan Dwivedi, Bablu Ray, Ashutosh Pandey, Rakesh Pandey Licence CC-BY-SA 4.0.
Exploring the similarities and differences in the forgiveness of the Indian older adults living in old-age homes and families: a thematic analysis
(Routledge, 2025) Charu Prabhakar; Love Kumar Mishra; Poonam Sharma; Gyanesh Kumar Tiwari; Rakesh Pandey; Meenakshi Shukla; Akash Bajpai; Pramod Kumar Rai
The study examined perceived transgressions and concomitant forgiveness among Indian older adults living in old-age homes and families. The thematic analysis method was employed to analyze interviews with 22 older adults. Severe loss, serious neglect, and cheating were the perceived transgressions of the older adults from old-age homes whereas day-to-day issues characterized the perceived transgressions of the families’ older adults. Pseudo-forgiveness was observed in the older adults residing in old-age homes because of their feelings of helplessness and their fear of losing respect, while affiliation, perceived harm, the realisation of offence, and perceived consequences of punishment were precursors to forgiveness in family-living older adults. Both groups acknowledged the role of offence, intention, relationships, attributions, and commitment to socio-cultural and moral values in forgiveness. © 2024 Taylor & Francis.
Self-compassion as an intrapersonal resource of perceived positive mental health outcomes: a thematic analysis
(Routledge, 2020) Gyanesh Kumar Tiwari; Rakesh Pandey; Pramod Kumar Rai; Ruchi Pandey; Yogendra Verma; Priyanka Parihar; Geeta Ahirwar; Ari Sudan Tiwari; Satchit Prasun Mandal
The basic goal of the study was to explore the nature and mechanisms of self-compassion through which it shapes perceived positive mental health outcomes of the adults. Using a qualitative research design fifty-one adults (26 males and 25 females) in the age range of 20–25 years were interviewed following a semi-structured interview protocol. The responses were audiotaped, transcribed verbatim and analysed using the Thematic Analysis Method. The findings revealed that self-compassion is a complex process bringing in cognitive, affective and behavioural resources for the individual. Self-compassion was found efficacious in gaining enhancement in perceived self-understanding, positive self-regard, forgiveness, resilience, hope, optimism, well-being, self-efficacy, autonomy, competence, intellectual and emotional strengths, productivity, positive emotions and decreased stress. It was also found to catalyse positive intrapersonal and interpersonal relationships. Findings imply that self-compassion provides protective and supportive strengths to affect the genesis, maintenance, consolidation and promotion of perceived positive mental health outcomes. © 2020 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
The Relationship between Self-Esteem and Self-Forgiveness: Understanding the Mediating Role of Positive and Negative Self-Compassion
(South-West University "Neofit Rilski", 2023) Ruchi Pandey; Gyanesh Kumar Tiwari; Rakesh Pandey; Satchit Prasun Mandal; Sujata Mudgal; Priyanka Parihar; Pramod Kumar Rai; Ari Sudan Tiwari; Meenakshi Shukla
Self-forgiveness (letting go of the feelings of victimization, resentment, and vengeance) is possibly shaped in its nature and extent by self-esteem and self-compassion, through various mechanisms. The latter two represent well-known affirmative self-resources with significant implications for life outcomes in individualistic and collectivistic cultures. However, the literature linking self-forgiveness and self-esteem is limited, and whether self-compassion mediates this relationship is not known. The present study addressed this gap by examining the mediating role of Positive and Negative Self-compassion (PSC & NSC, respectively) in the relationship between Self-esteem and Self-forgiveness. Employing convenience sampling, 144 males (Mean age = 22.10 years, SD = 1.66 years) and 124 females (Mean age = 21.98 years, SD = 1.90 years) participants were chosen. Correlation and regression analyses along with the path analytic method were used to analyze the data. Findings revealed that both Self-esteem and PSC significantly and positively correlated with the dimensions of self-forgiveness (except Guilt). NSC correlated positively with self-esteem but negatively with PSC. NSC significantly and negatively correlated with some self-forgiveness dimensions like Realization and Reparation, and Attribution but positively with the Guilt dimension. Both PSC and NSC significantly mediated the relationships among Self-esteem, Realization and Reparation, Guilt, and Attribution. Findings suggest the association between self-esteem and self-forgiveness could be explained by elevated PSC and reduced NSC, highlighting the coexistence and simultaneous functioning of both self-esteem and self-compassion in a collectivist culture like India, with more pronounced effects of the latter. Future studies should verify these preliminary correlational findings using diverse cross-cultural samples and methodology. © 2023, South-West University "Neofit Rilski". All rights reserved.
Understanding the Nature and Consequences of Transgressions and Forgiveness in the Workplace in India
(PsychOpen, 2023) Gyanesh Kumar Tiwari; Rakesh Pandey; Pramod Kumar Rai; Meenakshi Shukla; Riddhi Jain; Prateek Budhwani; Archna Choudhary; Lekhraj Namdev; Nitya Kachhwaha; Diksha Sharma
The cultural context of an organisation may significantly shape the nature of transgressions and consequent forgiveness relevant to understanding the workplace outcomes. This study explored the nature of transgressions and the dynamics of forgiveness in the workplace of a heterogeneous Indian sample which have not been well addressed in previous studies. Qualitative research design was employed. Using a purposive sampling method, 48 participants from the government (n = 30) and private organisations (n = 18) were selected to form the final sample. The transcriptions from semi-structured interviews were analyzed by the Thematic Analysis Method. Two themes related to the nature of transgressions emerged: multiplicity of the sources of workplace transgressions (such as anger, discrimination, and work overload) and communications of workplace transgressions (e.g., through criticism, altered relationships, warnings). Concerning the dynamics of forgiveness in the workplace, three broad themes emerged: facilitators of workplace forgiveness (such as positive treatment, direct communication, scolding), barriers to workplace forgiveness (like, the intention behind wrongdoing, repetition of wrongdoing, decreased trust), and benefits of workplace forgiveness (such as positive emotions, good relations, healthy work environment). Management should develop an in-depth understanding of the nature of transgressions and the dynamics of forgiveness embedded in a specific cultural context which may help enhance a variety of positive organisational outcomes. Workplace transgressions and concomitant forgiveness are interwoven with the nature of organisations, individual level factors and socio-cultural contexts. Findings also provide some support that the coexistence of individualistic and collectivistic cultural values among Indians may have shaped workplace transgressions and consequent forgiveness. © 2023, PsychOpen. All rights reserved.