Browsing by Author "Prasanta Kumar Majhi"

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Climate-Smart Agriculture: An Integrated Approach to Address Climate Change and Food Security
(CRC Press, 2023) Prasanta Kumar Majhi; Ipsita Samal; Tanmaya Kumar Bhoi; Prachi Pattnaik; Chandini Pradhan; Akhilesh Gupta; Deepak Kumar Mahanta; Subrat Kumar Senapati
Climate change is undoubtedly one of the most complicated social and environmental problems the world is facing right now. This is especially true in developing countries, where climate change has been linked to things like unsustainable land management, land degradation, and greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems. All of these things lead to less agricultural production, which puts food security at risk. An increase in GHGs, largely attributable to human activity, has altered earth’s climate during the past few millennia. Similarly, increasing production costs have negatively impacted crop and livestock productivity due to climate change. This is evident in more erratic and inconsistent rainfall patterns, major floods, frequent droughts, increased pests and disease rates, and inconsistent agricultural planting seasons. Decreased agricultural output due to a failure to adjust to shifting climate conditions has severe effects on both food security and economic expansion. Increased adaptability to climate change, mitigation of climate change, and global food security through new policies, practises, and funding are the three issue areas that climate-smart agriculture (CSA) addresses simultaneously to aid agricultural systems around the world. Adopting CSA methods is crucial for economic development, food security, environmental sustainability, and ecosystem protection in developing nations because it helps the farming community mitigate the effects of climate change on agriculture. Though many resources have been poured towards improving CSA in developing nations, it has not led to widespread adoption of CSA principles on farms there. Nevertheless, CSA is highly recommended as a key component to the expansion of the agricultural sector because of the crucial function it serves. Maintaining agricultural output in the face of climate change and reducing GHG emissions necessitates the adoption of CSA on the field level. © 2024 selection and editorial matter, Habib Ali, Youming Hou, and Muhammad Bilal Tahir; individual chapters, the contributors.
Estimation of heterosis for yield related traits and grain Zinc in rice (Oryza sativa L.)
(Indian Society of Plant Breeders, 2022) S. Rudresha Naik; S.K. Singh; D.K. Singh; A.R. Khaire; Mounika Korada; Sonali Habde; Prasanta Kumar Majhi
The experiment consists of thirty hybrids generated in a Line x Tester mating design by crossing six lines with five male parents and studied along with two checks (BPT5204 and DRR dhan-45) for 16 characters contributing to yieldand grain Zn content in rice. Analysis of variance exhibited significant differences among the genotypes for all thetraits under investigation indicating the presence of sufficient variability in material and can be exploited. Among all thecrosses, the hybrid, HUR-3022 x Dudhkander exhibited the highest significant positive heterobeltiosis for the numberof effective tillers (91.94%), the number of grains per panicle (16.44%), 1000 grain weight (26.28%), grain yield perplant (214.03%) and biomass (225.12 %). HUR-3022 x Sathi exhibited the highest positive better parent heterosisfor grain Zn content (38.37%). Standard heterosis over checks BPT-5204 and DRR dhan-45 of 214.03 and 40.07per cent respectively, were exhibited by the cross, HUR-3022 x Dudhkander for yield plant per plant HUR-3022 xSathi exhibited the highest positive economic heterosis of 69.42 and 60.26 per cent over BPT-5204 and DRR dhan-45 for grain Zn, respectively. Hence, these two hybrids viz., HUR-3022 x Dudhkander and HUR-3022 x Sathi can beexploited in breeding hybrids for high yield and high grain Zinc with further evaluation in multiple locations © 2022. Electronic Journal of Plant Breeding. All Rights Reserved.
Exploring variability and genetic diversity among rice genotypes in Eastern Uttar Pradesh
(Indian Society of Plant Breeders, 2022) Pratibha Singh; S.K. Singh; Mounika Korada; Amrutlal Khaire; D.K. Singh; Sonali Vijay Habde; Prasanta Kumar Majhi; Rudresha Naik
The genetic improvement of any crop mainly depends on the amount of genetic variability present in the population.To explore this variability, an effort was made to classify, understand the nature and magnitude of genetic variabilityand diversity among 112 rice genotypes for 16 quantitative traits using Mahalanobis D2 statistics. Analysis of variancerevealed a wide and significant variation for all the 16 traits studied. A slight difference between PCV and GCV wasfound, suggesting that genetic control of traits is higher than environmental influence. Characters such as harvestindex, days to first flowering, days to 50% flowering, and plant height showed high heritability coupled with high geneticadvance as per cent of mean suggesting that selection for the improvement of these traits may be rewarding. Clusteranalysis indicated that the 112 rice genotypes were grouped into 7 clusters, wherein cluster I had the highest numberof genotypes (73) followed by cluster III with 22 genotypes. The maximum inter-cluster distance was recorded betweenclusters V and VII with a D2 value of 58981.07, followed by clusters II and V (51875.13). The number of spikelets perpanicle (52.17%) and the number of grains per panicle (27.26%) were found to be the most contributing traits towardstotal genetic diversity. Hence, information on the nature and degree of divergence would help the plant breeder in theselection and hybridization procedure for choosing the right type of parents to improve yield and other traits © 2022. Electronic Journal of Plant Breeding. All Rights Reserved.
Future-Proofing Plants Against Climate Change: A Path to Ensure Sustainable Food Systems
(Springer International Publishing, 2022) Prasanta Kumar Majhi; Basit Raza; Partha Pratim Behera; Shravan Kumar Singh; Aalok Shiv; Suma C. Mogali; Tanmaya Kumar Bhoi; Biswaranjan Patra; Biswaranjan Behera
Climate change has altered the pattern of rainfall, temperature, carbon dioxide (CO2) levels, and emission of greenhouse gases, which result in the frequency and severity of extreme events such as drought, flood, salinity, heavy metal stress, nutrient stress, new diseases, and insect pest. This significantly impacts agriculture production, food security, livelihoods, and nutrition. Worldwide, millions of people are affected due to the consequence of climate change and particularly become the most vulnerable, by increasing the frequency and virulence of extreme meteorological events that cause population displacement and reduction in agricultural productivity. A paradigm shift toward more resilient, productive, and sustainable agriculture and food systems is required. The world must act immediately act on it to put an end to hunger and malnutrition. To ensure rapid and advanced agricultural development in a short period, precision farming practices and smart breeding strategies need to follow; such as machine learning, deep learning, big data analysis, remote sensing, artificial intelligence, system biology study, genomic prediction, speed breeding, and haplotype breeding. These techniques can prove the future plants against climate variability with increased yield potential and improved resilience to achieve the goal of resilient climate agriculture. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023.
Genetic characterization of local rice (Oryza sativa l.) genotypes at morphological and molecular level using ssr markers
(Editorial board of Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences, 2020) Pooja Pathak; S.K. Singh; Mounika Korada; Sonali Habde; D.K. Singh; Amrutlal Khaire; Prasanta Kumar Majhi
Current study was conducted to estimate the genetic diversity of 29 local rice cultivars including 3 checks at both morphological and molecular level during Kharif 2017 in an augmented design. Significant results obtained from ANOVA of 29 genotypes for 16 quantitative traits; Mahalanobis’ D2 grouped the total genotypes into 6 clusters. Highest inter-cluster distance was found between clusters III and VI indicating the genotypes in these clusters are most diverse. The SSR banding pattern revealed a total of 65 alleles from 21 polymorphic markers across 29 rice genotypes with an average of 3.09 alleles. The polymorphism information content (PIC) values ranged from 0.701 (RM 277) to 0.346 (RM237) with a mean value of 0.571 showing the marker RM277 as best based on the above study. The dendrogram analysis revealed all the 29 genotypes were grouped into two main clusters i.e. cluster I and cluster II with dissimilarity coefficient 0.36. Both the clusters were further divided into two groups each of which are further divide into two sub-groups each. Based on the genetic distances and the dissimilarity coefficient obtained from both morphological and molecular analysis, genotypes like Bahubali, Golden 105, Pusa 1121, HUR-1301, RK-2 Lal kasturi and Pan 815 can be selected and used as parents due to their greater diversity. Knowledge of genetic diversity available within a population at both morphological and molecular level helps the breeder to formulate a successful hybridization programme and gain good results. © 2020, Editorial board of Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences. All rights reserved.
Genetic gain and selection of stable genotypes in high zinc rice using AMMI and BLUP based stability methods
(United Arab Emirates University, 2023) Partha Pratim Behera; Shravan Kumar Singh; Prasanta Kumar Majhi; Kasireddy Sivasankarreddy; Bodeddula Jaysankar Reddy; Nayanmoni Borah; Niharika Saharia; Ramendra Nath Sarma
Rice is the staple food of almost half of the world’s population, impacting nutrition especially in children, pregnant women, and nursing mothers. Because the traits were quantitatively inherited, they are affected by changes in location and year. A RBD with three replications was used to identify superior and stable high-zinc rice genotypes in Uttar Pradesh, India. Grain zinc content (GZC) is negatively correlated with grain yield using genetic association study. There was a significant G × E interaction (GEI) and V16 and V21 for GYP and V9, V2 and V10 for GZC were identified as stable based on the AMMI model and bi-plot. V11, V5, V21 for grain yield per plant (GYP) and for GZC, V14, and V10 are found to be stable and common in all AMMI stability parameters. V6, V13 and V5 for GYP and V10, V8 and V2 for GZC were identified as stable based on the mean vs. WAASB bi-plot. V21 for GYP and V4 for GZC was the highest yielder and widely adaptable based on WAASBY scores. V13 for GYP and V1 for GZC were all-time winners. V13 and V1 have the highest predicted mean for GYP and GZC, respectively, based on BLUP. V6, V21and V13 were identified as stable and selected based on the multi-trait stability index (MTSI). These selected genotypes selected through BLUP-based stability methods, MTSI, and strength and weakness plots make it easier to evaluate and select genotypes for varietal recommendations and future Zn-fortified rice breeding studies. © 2023, United Arab Emirates University. All rights reserved.
Genetic Mapping of Valued Genes with Significant Traits in Crop Plants: Basic Principles, Current Practices, and Future Perspectives
(wiley, 2024) Prasanta Kumar Majhi; Akansha Guru; Suma C. Mogali; Prachi Pattnaik; Ritik Digamber Bisane; Lopamudra Singha; Partha Pratim Behera; Prateek Ranjan Behera
The identification of the genetic underpinnings of quantitative traits continues to pose a significant hurdle in the realm of crop enhancement. The combined utilization of linkage mapping and association mapping methodologies in genetic mapping has proven to be effective in dissecting complicated traits in several crop species. The primary distinction between the two techniques is in the utilization of mapping populations to identify marker-trait associations, which subsequently facilitates the identification of quantitative trait loci (QTLs). This differentiation directly impacts the resolution and power of the mapping process. To find QTLs for marker-assisted selection (MAS), gene tagging, and a deeper comprehension of the genetics of complex characteristics, genetically related DNA markers are crucial. In the past, two groups, namely family-based and natural population-based mapping populations, were utilized for QTL mapping. The use of multiparent advanced generation inter-cross and nested association mapping, two cutting-edge mapping populations, for QTL fine mapping is currently widespread in the field of agricultural development. In addition to accelerating computation and detection, these populations are illuminating new study areas including large-scale metagenome analysis for crop genetic mapping. For the effective application of high-throughput genotyping technologies in the age of next-generation sequencing, suitable population design, enhanced statistical techniques, and trustworthy phenotyping have become crucial. © 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Insect-pathogen crosstalk and the cellular-molecular mechanisms of insect immunity: uncovering the underlying signaling pathways and immune regulatory function of non-coding RNAs
(Frontiers Media SA, 2023) Deepak Kumar Mahanta; Tanmaya Kumar Bhoi; J. Komal; Ipsita Samal; R.M. Nikhil; Amit Umesh Paschapur; Gaurav Singh; P. V. Dinesh Kumar; H.R. Desai; Mohammad Abbas Ahmad; P.P. Singh; Prasanta Kumar Majhi; U. Mukherjee; Pushpa Singh; Varun Saini; Shahanaz; N. Srinivasa; Yogesh Yele
Multicellular organisms are constantly subjected to pathogens that might be harmful. Although insects lack an adaptive immune system, they possess highly effective anti-infective mechanisms. Bacterial phagocytosis and parasite encapsulation are some forms of cellular responses. Insects often defend themselves against infections through a humoral response. This phenomenon includes the secretion of antimicrobial peptides into the hemolymph. Specific receptors for detecting infection are required for the recognition of foreign pathogens such as the proteins that recognize glucans and peptidoglycans, together referred to as PGRPs and βGRPs. Activation of these receptors leads to the stimulation of signaling pathways which further activates the genes encoding for antimicrobial peptides. Some instances of such pathways are the JAK-STAT, Imd, and Toll. The host immune response that frequently accompanies infections has, however, been circumvented by diseases, which may have assisted insects evolve their own complicated immune systems. The role of ncRNAs in insect immunology has been discussed in several notable studies and reviews. This paper examines the most recent research on the immune regulatory function of ncRNAs during insect-pathogen crosstalk, including insect- and pathogen-encoded miRNAs and lncRNAs, and provides an overview of the important insect signaling pathways and effector mechanisms activated by diverse pathogen invaders. Copyright © 2023 Mahanta, Bhoi, Komal, Samal, Nikhil, Paschapur, Singh, Kumar, Desai, Ahmad, Singh, Majhi, Mukherjee, Singh, Saini, Shahanaz, Srinivasa and Yele.
Morpho-molecular Diversity Analysis in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Genotypes using Microsatellite Markers
(Agricultural Research Communication Centre, 2025) Simran K. Singh; Mounika Korada; Amrutlal R. Khaire; Dhirendra Kumar Singh; Sonali Vijay Habde; Prasanta Kumar Majhi; Bhawana Rai
Background: The insight concerning genetic diversity and relationship among the rice genotypes is a basic contribution to the crop improvement programs. The present field experiment was conducted to study the level of diversity present in 47 rice genotypes using both morphological and molecular analysis. Methods: The experiment was carried out at Agricultural Research Farm, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi (U.P.), during Kharif-2019 with 47 rice genotypes. Mahalanobis’ D2 analysis was carried out to evaluate the morphological diversity present among the genotypes and 24 polymorphic SSR markers were used for molecular analysis using the NTSYSpc software. Result: Mahalanobis’ D2 grouped 47 rice genotypes into 6 clusters based on the inter-se genetic distance. The highest inter-cluster distance (1134.14) was observed between clusters II and IV indicating the genotypes present in these clusters to be highly divergent. Molecular diversity analysis grouped the 47 rice genotypes into 3 main clusters i.e., cluster I, cluster II and cluster III, which were further divided into sub-clusters. Polymorphic Information Content varied from 0.12 to 0.86, with an average of 0.465. The highest PIC value was observed for locus RM 507 (0.86). All the 24 primers showed polymorphism and the number of alleles was common for all i.e., 2. Together, the morphological and molecular diversity analysis revealed that Desi Dhan and IR 91143-AC 293-1, Desi Dhan and BD 105, IR 85850 and Lal Sundiya, Chauli and Swarna were the most diverse genotypes among the 47 rice genotypes included in the study. © (2025), (Agricultural Research Communication Centre). All rights reserved.
Proofing direct-seeded rice with better root plasticity and architecture
(MDPI, 2021) Siddharth Panda; Prasanta Kumar Majhi; Annamalai Anandan; Anumalla Mahender; Sumanth Veludandi; Debendranath Bastia; Suresh Babu Guttala; Shravan Kumar Singh; Sanjoy Saha; Jauhar Ali
The underground reserve (root) has been an uncharted research territory with its untapped genetic variation yet to be exploited. Identifying ideal traits and breeding new rice varieties with efficient root system architecture (RSA) has great potential to increase resource-use efficiency and grain yield, especially under direct-seeded rice, by adapting to aerobic soil conditions. In this review, we tried to mine the available research information on the direct-seeded rice (DSR) root system to highlight the requirements of different root traits such as root architecture, length, number, density, thickness, diameter, and angle that play a pivotal role in determining the uptake of nutrients and moisture at different stages of plant growth. RSA also faces several stresses, due to excess or deficiency of moisture and nutrients, low or high temperature, or saline conditions. To counteract these hindrances, adaptation in response to stress becomes essential. Candidate genes such as early root growth enhancer PSTOL1, surface rooting QTL qSOR1, deep rooting gene DRO1, and numerous transporters for their respective nutrients and stress-responsive factors have been identified and validated under different circumstances. Identifying the desired QTLs and transporters underlying these traits and then designing an ideal root architecture can help in developing a suitable DSR cultivar and aid in further advancement in this direction. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
QTL mapping reveals different set of candidate genes governing stable and location specific QTLs enhancing zinc and iron content in rice
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2024) Sonali Vijay Habde; Shravan Kumar Singh; Dhirendra Kumar Singh; Arun Kumar Singh; Rameswar Prasad Sah; Mounika Korada; Amrutlal R. Khaire; Prasanta Kumar Majhi; Uma Maheshwar Singh; Vikas Kumar Singh; Arvind Kumar
Rice is a cornerstone of global food security. Addressing contemporary dual challenge of global food and nutritional security, this study focuses on identification of genomic regions/QTLs that control uptake and translocation of micronutrients (Zn and Fe) in rice. Using mapping population derived from a cross between URG 30 (Zn 32.2 ppm and Fe 15.3 ppm) and Rajendra Kasturi (Zn 19.2 ppm and Fe 9.5 ppm), evaluated at three locations, we identified 8 QTLs each for grain Zn and Fe content distributed across 8 chromosomes. Notably 3 major QTLs for grain Zn content (chromosomes 1, 5 and 6) and 1 major QTL for grain Fe content (chromosome 3) were identified with phenotypic variance (PV) ranging from 10.7 to 15.19% for Zn and 12.10% for Fe. Two stable QTLs for grain Zn content (PV 5.89–8.98% and 3.18–13.62%) and one for Fe content (PV 1.84–7.59%) were consistently identified at two locations. Seven transgressive segregants for yield and Zn content are identified at two locations. Correlation analysis uncovered significant positive associations between grain Zn and Fe content. We also interpreted the functional role of 24 candidate genes including key candidates OsZIP1, OsSPR1, OsZIP2, OsPEZ1, OsZIP6, OsNAS1, OsNAS2, OsYSL3 underlying stable and location specific QTLs in the context of mineral uptake strategies utilized by rice. The research supports marker assisted breeding efforts towards substantial nutritional enhancement in rice grain. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2024.
Stability Analysis in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Genotypes with High Grain Zinc
(Agricultural Research Communication Centre, 2020) Vishal Pandey; S.K. Singh; Mounika Korada; D.K. Singh; A.R. Khaire; Sonali Habde; Prasanta Kumar Majhi
Background: Balanced nutrition is an essential part of human diet and rice being consumed by more than half of the world population, having rice cultivars biofortified for high zinc levels in polished rice would be very important to combat issues of malnutrition. Zinc being a highly variable trait and influenced by environmental and soil conditions, a multi-location stability analysis was conducted Ito identify cultivars stable for high grain zinc with consistency in yield performance. Methods: Present experiment was conducted to study the stability of 22 high zinc rice genotypes in five different locations of Eastern Uttar Pradesh in RCBD with three replications in all the locations and 12 different traits were included in the study. Eberhart and Russell model was used for evaluating the stability of the genotypes. Result: The results reported high significance for all the twelve characters studied. Mean sum of squares due to environment as well as linear component of environment were significant for all the characters suggesting presence of variation among the five environments tested. All the twenty-two genotypes showed significant differences for all the characters when tested against pooled error and pooled deviation. The genotype, IR15M1633 recorded highest mean grain zinc content but have negative association with yield. Therefore, considering for a high grain zinc genotype with consistent yield performance, the genotypes, DRR Dhan 48 and HURZ-3 showed good mean values for all the traits and was also stable for grain zinc, yield per hectare, 1000 grain weight, had shorter plant height and can be suggested for use as high yielding cultivars with high grain zinc and could be further used in breeding programmes successfully. © 2020, Indian Journal of Agricultural Research. All Rights Reserved
Studies on character association and path analysis studies for yield, grain quality and nutritional traits in F2 population of rice (Oryza sativa L.)
(Indian Society of Plant Breeders, 2020) S.K. Singh; Sonali Habde; D.K. Singh; Amrutlal Khaire; Korada Mounika; Prasanta Kumar Majhi
Rice is a major cereal crop from the consumption point of view, dietary energy and nutrition source for more than half of the world's population. Rice is rich in starch but deficient in major micronutrients. Present experiment consists of F2 mapping population for high grain zinc content, with 312 entries studied for 15 different traits. Correlation study indicated that, grain zinc and iron content were significant and positive. So there is a scope for simultaneous improvement of both traits. Grain yield per plant showed a non-significant and negative association with zinc and iron content. Plant height, total tillers per plant, the number of effective tillers per plant, panicle length, 1000 grain weight, fertile grains per panicle, kernel breadth, L/B ratio has significant and positive correlation and positive direct effects with grain yield per plant. © 2020, Indian Society of Plant Breeders.
Study of allelic variation at genome wide ssr loci in parents of mapping population for high grain zinc in rice (Oryza sativa l.)
(Editorial board of Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences, 2020) Sonali Habde; S.K. Singh; Korada Mounika; Amrutlal Khaire; D.K. Singh; Prasanta Kumar Majhi
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the source of energy and nutrition for more than half of the world’s population hence it is a crop of global significance. Breeding of mineral dense rice varieties is the main target of biofortification strategy to address micronutrient malnutrition globally. Landraces and local genotypes are proven sources of novel alleles and are a promising donor for high grain mineral. A parental polymorphism survey is a prerequisite of any QTL mapping experiment. Present study consisting of SSR markers based parental polymorphism survey at IRRI South Asia Hub ICRISAT, Hyderabad. Parents of mapping population viz Rajendrakasturi (short grain aromatic rice variety with low grain content) and URG-30 (a local genotype from Eastern Uttar Pradesh with high grain zinc content) were screened with 1013 microsatellite markers covering the entire length of all 12 chromosomes to study allelic variation at genome-wide SSR loci. The geographical diverse origin of parents is reflected in genotypic variations in terms of polymorphism. Out of 1013 whole genome wide SSR markers screened, 294 were found to be polymorphic which resulted in 29.02% polymorphism between the two parents. The highest polymorphism was observed with chromosome 4 (40.96%) whereas the lowest polymorphism was observed in chromosome 9 (16%). Based on the outcomes of the present study, a set of genome-wide polymorphic SSRs will be selected for genotyping of mapping population, preparation of linkage map and QTL analysis for high grain zinc content, iron content, grain quality and yield traits. © 2020, Editorial board of Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences. All rights reserved.
Study of genetic divergence in rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes with high grain zinc using Mahalanobis' D2 analysis
(Indian Society of Plant Breeders, 2020) S.K. Singh; Vishal Pandey; Korada Mounika; D.K. Singh; A.R. Khaire; Sonali Habde; Prasanta Kumar Majhi
The present investigation was conducted with twenty-two genotypes of rice during Kharif, 2018 in RBD with three replications in five different locations. The 22 rice genotypes were characterized based on 16 quantitative traits viz., days to first flowering, days to 50 per cent flowering, days to maturity, the total number of effective tillers per plant, plant height (cm), panicle length (cm), the number of spikelets per panicle, the number of grains per panicle, spikelet fertility percentage, grain weight per panicle (g), grain yield per plant (g), 1000-grain weight (g), grain yield per plot (kg), grain yield per hectare (kg), grain L/B Ratio, grain zinc content (ppm or mg /kg) using Mahalanobis D2 statistic. D2 analysis distributed the 22 genotypes into six clusters, of which cluster I was the largest with 15 genotypes. Cluster II had maximum intra-cluster values of 5.16 and the maximum inter-cluster distance was observed between the clusters III and V (40.51) followed by cluster IV and V (28.39) indicating the importance of the genotypes present in these clusters for exploiting heterosis for the desirable traits of these clusters. © 2020, Indian Society of Plant Breeders.
Yield attributing traits of high zinc rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes with special reference to principal component analysis
(Action for Sustainable Efficacious development and Awareness, 2022) Partha Pratim Behera; Shravan Kumar Singh; Kasireddy Sivasankarreddy; Prasanta Kumar Majhi; Bodeddula Jayasankar Reddy; Dhirendra Kumar Singh
Total 21 high zinc rice genotypes were evaluated under five different locations for 14 different yield attributing traits, including grain yield/plant (gm) to determine the pattern of variation, the relationship among the individuals and their characteristics through Principal Component Analysis (PCA) during the Kharif-2017. PCA was done for all the locations individually as well as pooled analysis for all locations using R software. Out of the 14 PCs, the initial four PCs contributed more to the total variability. The highest cumulative variability of the first four PCs found at Bhikaripur (81.11%) followed by BHU Agriculture research farm-II (79.23%) etc. and Pooled variability was 76.61%. Pooled data analysis indicates PCA biplot or loading plot of first two principal components revealed that days to maturity, days to 1st flowering date and days to 50% flowering loaded more on the first component and number of spikelets per panicles, number of grains/panicles, grain weight per panicle, grain yield/plant accounted more variation in the second component compared to the other parameters. Thus, the pooled analysis of principal component analysis revealed the characters contributing to the variation and genetic variability that exists in these rice genotypes. This is because the genotypes BRRIdhan 72, Sambamahsuri and Swarna were identified in different principle components related to grain yield and grain quality, and were also located farthest away from biplot origin in individual PCA based biplot. So they may be employed to improve yield attributing factors like total effective tiller number. PC1, PC2 and PC3 have days to first flowering and days to 50% flowering, hence their genotypes may be valuable in producing early maturing cultivars. Thus, the results revealed that wide range of variability was shown by different traits of the genotypes which can be utilized in rice improvement programmes. © ASEA.