Browsing by Author "Prasenjit Bose"

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Efavirenz-Induced Hepatic Changes in the Fetus of Swiss Albino Mice
(Springer, 2024) Anand Mishra; Akansha Sharma; Archna Yadav; V. Harsha; Amit Kumar Nayak; Kapil Kumar Malviya; Prasenjit Bose; Umesh Choudhary; Surendra Kumar Pandey
Efavirenz (EFV) is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor that binds to reverse transcriptase enzyme resulting in its allosteric inhibition. It is a constituent of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) used for preventing maternal-to-child transmission of the HIV virus. Efavirenz has been classified as a class D drug which means that there have been reports of reproductive toxicity induced by it and should be used only when potential benefits outweigh the risk. Pregnant Swiss albino mice were divided into the following groups: control group (C): mice treated with distilled water (6 mice) and treated group (T): mice treated with EFV (50 mg/kg) (6 mice). All the mice were given the drug and distilled water from gestation days 6–15 by oral route. On the 18th day of gestation, each group’s mice blood was collected from retro-orbital sinus for biochemical assay, and then, they were killed by cervical dislocation. Laparotomy was done to resect out the fetuses which were weighed, and then fixed in 10% formalin. Their liver was processed for histological study under H&E and PAS stain. The microscopic study of the liver showed the reduced density of hepatoblasts and progenitor cells, deficient sinusoid formation and destruction of the central vein in the treated group as compared to the control. A significant reduction in the weight of the fetal liver was observed. The values of SGOT, SGPT and serum bilirubin were found to increase in the treated group, whereas the values of serum albumin and total protein were found to decrease. Efavirenz is a hepatotoxic drug that should be judiciously used in pregnancy. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to The National Academy of Sciences, India 2024.
Histological changes of myocardium in dilated cardiomyopathy
(Reed Elsevier India Pvt. Ltd., 2017) Prasenjit Bose; Om Shankar; Barkha Singh; Rubi Bhola; Royana Singh
Introduction For patients with acute dilated cardiomyopathy, definition of prognosis and of clinical features predictive of outcome is particularly important due to the availability of cardiac transplantation and other innovative treatment strategies. Exact prevalence of DCM in India is not known. The disease is reported to be more prevalent and aggressive in Blacks and in females, while a few other reports had shown a preponderance of males. Methods The present study was undertaken on 60 heart samples, out of which 10 heart samples were enlarged and dilated compared to the control samples. The heart muscle samples were dissected and stained for microscopic evaluation. Result The heart tissue affected with dilated cardiomyopathy showed variation in myocyte size, transmural scars, fibrofatty change, fibrosis and deposition of collagen fibres, as compared to the normal heart tissue, Discussion Dilated cardiomyopathy leads to heart failure which can cause death. So, it is important to know the changes occurring in a heart due to dilated cardiomyopathy for the prognosis and further treatment for the disease. The finding ranges from minimal change to many other variation in the myocytes which is discussed further. © 2017
Morphological variations of pulmonary veins draining into left atrium: A detailed cadaveric study
(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2021) Prasenjit Bose; Umesh Choudhary; Pooja Singh; Barkha Singh; Royana Singh
Introduction: During pulmonary vein isolation ablation procedure, the knowledge of number and position of pulmonary veins with thickness of posterior wall of left atrium (LA) is of invaluable significance. The objective of the study was to determine the left atrial wall thickness (LAWT) and its relationship with number and variations of right pulmonary veins (RPVs) and left pulmonary veins (LPVs). Methodology: In an observational study, carried out in the Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur (Chhattisgarh), morphological variations of pulmonary veins among 75 formalin-fixed hearts were noted. The thickness of posterior wall of LA was measured in each specimen studied. The number of RPVs and LPVs was counted. Any sexual differences in these numbers were noted. Results: Normal anatomical description of two RPVs and two LPVs opening the LA was observed in 63 out of 75 heart specimens (84%). The posterior LAWT is ranged 1.28-1.48 mm where two RPVs and two LPVs enter LA. The remaining 12 specimens (16%) showed variation in the number of veins opening into LA ranging between 1 and 5 veins of either side. The posterior LAWT ranged between 1.01 and 2.53 mm in these 12 specimens. The mean posterior LAWT thickness with 3, 4, and 5 RPVs was 1.47, 1.94, and 2.43 mm, respectively. Conclusion: The thickness of posterior wall of LA increases as the number of RPVs increases. Twelve specimens (16%) showed variation in the number of veins opening into LA ranging between 1 and 5 veins of either side. © 2021 Medknow. All Rights Reserved.
Polymorphic study of ataxin 3 gene in Eastern Uttar Pradesh population
(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2020) Barkha Singh; Prasenjit Bose; S. Shamal; Deepika Joshi; Royana Singh
Introduction: Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3), or Machado-Joseph disease (MJD), is a prevalent autosomal dominant-inherited disease that causes progressive problems with movement. Abnormal repetitive expansion of CAG trinucleotide in the ATXN3 gene results in SCA3. This study was done to review the corporation of CAG repeats and polymorphisms in definitive genes with the occurrence of SCA3 in the Indian community, especially in the eastern UP population. Material and Methods: The 40 Ataxia's patient and their parents were listed after obtaining written consent from the participant's attendant/guardians. Out of these, we have identified polymorphism in three patients. Results: In one patient, we have found a single base change, g.31483A>T in Exon 10, which changes the nucleotide from Adenine to Thymine (A31483T), while in the second patient, we have identified an intronic change at g.35690A>G in Exon 10, which changes the nucleotide from Adenine to Guanine (A35690G) and in the third patient DNA sequence analysis identified an intronic change at g.35587A>G Exon 10, which changes the nucleotide from Adenine to Guanine (A35587G). Discussion and Conclusion: Although the partial loss of ATXN3 function may also contribute, the disease mechanism in MJD is believed to be a toxic gain-of-function. Several pathogenic cascades have been reported to be triggered by mutant ATXN3, but the critical molecular events driving MJD pathogenesis stay unresolved. While significant developments in studies have enhanced our knowledge of MJD, there is presently a lack of preventive treatment. Results presented here also expand our knowledge about MJD found in the eastern UP population. © 2020 Journal of the Anatomical Society of India | Published by Wolters Kluwer - Medknow.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of chlorthalidone schiff base and their metal complexes as inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase of Pneumocystis carinii
(Scholars Research Library, 2014) Hitendra Kumar Lautre; Kishor Patil; Hafid Youssouffi; Taibi Ben Hadda; Snigdha Das; Prasenjit Bose; Ajai Kumar Pillai
Present work deals with synthesis and biological evaluation of Cu(II), Ni(II), Zn(II) and Co(II) metal complexes derived from chlorthalidone condensed with trihydroxybenzaldehyde as potent inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) from Pneumocystis carinii (pc). Structural characterizations were performed using 1H and 13C NMR, MASS, IR, UV-Vis spectrometer and elemental analysis; designed compounds were then evaluated by enzyme assay against dihydrofolate reductase of P.carinii. The Cu(II) was found to be remarkably selective inhibitor of Pneumocystis carinii DHFR. Other ligand and metal complexes exhibited moderate activity. This study shows that benzenesulfonamide moiety increases the potency of the compounds which further increases on coordination with metal ions.