Browsing by Author "Prashant Agrawal"

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A review of toxicological profile of cadmium (CD)
(2010) Prashant Agrawal; Anugya Mitral; Manoj Kumar; S.K. Tripathi
The distribution of toxic heavy metals in the environment is a major concern in many industrialized countries purview of the human health. The main sources of cadmium in the air are the burning of fossil fuels such as coal or oil and the incineration of municipal waste. The acute (short-term) effects of cadmium in humans through inhalation exposure consist mainly of effects on the lung, such as pulmonary irritation. Chronic (long-term) inhalation or oral exposure to cadmium leads to a buildup of cadmium in the kidneys that can cause kidney disease. Cadmium has been shown to be a developmental toxicant in animals, resulting in fetal malformations and other effects, but no conclusive evidence exists in humans. Animal studies have demonstrated an increase in lung cancer from long-term inhalation exposure to cadmium.
Assessment of contamination of soil due to heavy metals around coal fired thermal power plants at Singrauli region of India
(2010) Prashant Agrawal; Anugya Mittal; Rajiv Prakash; Manoj Kumar; T.B. Singh; S.K. Tripathi
In the present study, an attempt was made to measure contamination of soil around four large coal-based Thermal Power Plants. The concentration of Cadmium, Lead, Arsenic and Nickel was estimated in all four directions from Thermal Power Plants. The soil in the study area was found to be contaminated to varying degrees from coal combustion byproducts. The soil drawn from various selected sites in each direction was largely contaminated by metals, predominantly higher within 2-4 km distance from Thermal Power Plant. Within 2-4 km, the mean maximum concentration of Cadmium, Lead, Arsenic and Nickel was 0.69, 13.69, 17.76, and 3.51 mg/kg, respectively. It was also observed that concentration was maximum in the prevalent wind direction. The concentration of Cadmium, Lead, Arsenic and Nickel was highest 0.69, 13.23, 17.29 and 3.56 mg/kg, respectively in west direction where wind was prevalent. © 2010 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.
Contamination of drinking water due to coal-based thermal power plants in India
(Bellwether Publishing, Ltd., 2011) Prashant Agrawal; Anugya Mittal; Rajiv Prakash; Manoj Kumar; S.K. Tripathi
This study assessed the impact of an Anpara and Renusgar coal-based thermal power plants on drinking water sources. In this work, the concentration of trace metals such as Pb, Cd, Ni, and As in groundwater samples obtained from hand pumps located near these power plants were measured. The concentration levels of all the studied heavy metals in groundwater were found to be higher than the maximum acceptable limits of World Health Organization for drinking water. © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Fatality due to chest injury in road traffic accident victims of Varanasi and Adjoining Districts, U.P.
(World Informations Syndicate, 2006) Manoj Kumar Pathak; Ziya Ahamad; Prashant Agrawal; Sudhir Yadav; Rajesh Chaturvedi; S.K. Tripathi
In our country motor vehicle accidents rank on the top among all fatal accidents. An accident represents a major epidemic of noncommunicable disease in the present century. Road Traffic Accident (RTA) provides some 30% or more of the average forensic autopsy load of Varanasi region. Chest injuries in combination with other regional injuries (61.76%) were the next commonest injuries in fatal road traffic accident cases next to head injuries in present study. The greater frequency of fatality in the regional injury i.e. chest injuries was due to involvement of two vital organs viz. heart and lungs. In chest injury, the majority of cases were found with lung injuries (81.30%) and it was followed by injury to heart (43.08%). Major great vessels were injured in (21.95%) of deceased. The abdominal injuries were mostly found associated with chest injuries. Liver was injured in 12.19% victims. Syncopal death (haemorrhagic shock) along with asphyxia was the commonst mode of death (30.08%) followed by asphyxia (27.64%) alone. More than two third (69.91%) victims died at the incidence place. Mostly the victims succumbed to fatal chest injuries in road traffic accidents amongst the all kinds of accidental injuries.
Impairments of Spatial Memory and N-methyl-d-aspartate Receptors and Their Postsynaptic Signaling Molecules in the Hippocampus of Developing Rats Induced by As, Pb, and Mn Mixture Exposure
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2023) Lalit P. Chandravanshi; Prashant Agrawal; Hany W. Darwish; Surendra Kumar Trigun
Exposure to metal mixtures is recognized as a real-life scenario, needing novel studies that can assess their complex effects on brain development. There is still a significant public health concern associated with chronic low levels of metal exposure. In contrast to other metals, these three metals (As, Pb, and Mn) are commonly found in various environmental and industrial contexts. In addition to additive or synergistic interactions, concurrent exposure to this metal mixture may also have neurotoxic effects that differ from those caused by exposure to single components. The NMDA receptor and several important signaling proteins are involved in learning, memory, and synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus, including CaMKII, postsynaptic density protein-95 (PSD-95), synaptic Ras GTPase activating protein (SynGAP), a negative regulator of Ras-MAPK activity, and CREB. We hypothesized that alterations in the above molecular players may contribute to metal mixture developmental neurotoxicity. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of these metals and their mixture at low doses (As 4 mg, Pb 4 mg, and Mn 10 mg/kg bw/p.o) on NMDA receptors and their postsynaptic signaling proteins during developing periods (GD6 to PD59) of the rat brain. Rats exposed to As, Pb, and Mn individually or at the same doses in a triple-metal mixture (MM) showed impairments in learning and memory functions in comparison to the control group rats. Declined protein expressions of NR2A, PSD-95, p- CaMKII, and pCREB were observed in the metal mix-exposed rats, while the expression of SynGAP was found to be enhanced in the hippocampus as compared to the controls on PD60. Thereby, our data suggest that alterations in the NMDA receptor complex and postsynaptic signaling proteins could explain the cognitive dysfunctions caused by metal-mixture-induced developmental neurotoxicity in rats. These outcomes indicate that incessant metal mixture exposure may have detrimental consequences on brain development. © 2023 by the authors.
Trends of sex related crime in india and its quality management
(2010) Manoj Kumar Pathak; Prashant Agrawal; S.K. Tripathi
Like other developing countries, in India also Sexual assault is a neglected public health issue. According to crime clock there is one rape case every 29 minutes and one molestation every 15 minutes1. A total of 1,64,765 incidents of crime against women were reported in country during 2006 which was a 0.6% increase than the previous year. Tripura has accounted for maximum 28.1% of total incidents although it shares only 0.31% of country's population. On second place is Delhi which has 1.44% share of country's population and has accounted for 28% of total crime1. Therefore this alarming situation needs prompt actions to be taken to prevent it along with an effective quality clinical management for the traumatized victims. The essential components of medical care after the assault are2 Documentation of injuries Collection of Forensic evidence Treatment of injuries Evaluation for STIs (HIV) and preventive care Evaluation for risk of pregnancy and prevention Psychological support, counseling and follow up. All the concerned persons like physicians, Forensic experts, social worker, police etc. should coordinate with each other so that the patient is not disturbed and made to feel vulnerable and ashamed again and again.