Browsing by Author "Prashant Kumar Tiwari"

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Malignancies associated with HPV
(Elsevier, 2022) Prashant Kumar Tiwari; Divya Kushwaha; Ambuj Kumar Kushwaha
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are an important group of ubiquitous DNA viruses associated with several types of malignancies that include cervical, vulvar, vaginal, anal, penile, oropharyngeal, and esophageal cancer. HPV predominantly results in cervical cancer (70%) and oropharyngeal cancers (25%). Most of the HPV-associated malignancies are caused by high-risk HPVs, notably HPV-16 and HPV-18, while low-risk HPVs are involved in the formation of condylomas. Primarily, HPV infection occurs through sexual contact; however, evidence of HPV infections through nonsexual contact is also available. HPV genome integrates into the host cell genome and overexpresses key oncoproteins encoded by HPV genomes that play a crucial role in carcinogenesis. Oncoproteins are responsible for genomic instability, uncontrolled cell proliferation, disturbance in the cell cycle, and malignant transformation in HPV-infected cells. This chapter will primarily focus on the epidemiology and pathology of different types of cancer associated with HPV infection along with a brief elaboration on HPV-encoded oncoproteins vital for cancer development. © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.