Browsing by Author "Pratistha Singh"

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Acute and subacute toxicity study of ethanolic extract of Calotropis procera (Aiton) Dryand flower in Swiss albino mice
(Elsevier B.V., 2022) Ashutosh Kumar; Brijesh Kumar; Rajesh Kumar; Ajay Kumar; Manish Singh; Vinod Tiwari; Anshuman Trigunayat; Paramita Paul; Pratistha Singh
Background: Calotropis procera is a large shrub which consists many medicinal properties, used in treatment of snake bite, sinus fistula, rheumatism, mumps, burn injuries, inflammation and jaundice traditionally. All the parts of Calotropis procera were utilized in the treatment of diseases out of which leaves and roots were investigated for its toxicity profile that showed dose dependent toxicity. Toxicity profile of flowers of Calotropis procera was not investigated in the previous studies. The aim of this study was to explore the acute and subacute toxicity of ethanolic extract of Calotropis procera flowers for the safe use of traditional medicine. Method: In acute toxicity, a total of 20 female mice (Swiss albino), weighing between 23 and 32 g were randomly divided into four experimental groups: control, 300, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg groups with 5 mice each, and each received a single dose of extract at 300, 1000, or 2000 mg/kg, respectively. Animals were monitored for 14 days. In the subacute study, a total of 40 mice (23–32 g) were divided into 4 groups, each containing males and females. Group 1 (control group) received vehicle and groups 2, 3, and 4 received extract at doses of 300 mg/Kg, 1000 mg/Kg, 2000 mg/Kg of b.w., respectively, for 28 consecutive days. The study was conducted in compliance with the OECD guidelines 407 and 423. Results: Acute toxicity study showed no mortality at the dose of 2000 mg/Kg. In subacute toxicity study, statistical analysis of hematological and biochemical parameters showed no significant differences compared to control group except marked increase in segmented neutrophils. Histopathological studies revealed no significant structural differences among the treated groups and in comparison to control group. Conclusions: It was concluded that oral administration of doses of ethanolic extract of Calotropis procera flower, administered acutely, did not cause any mortality or notable changes at the dose of 2000 mg/Kg. Therefore, the approximate lethal dose (ALD) of in mice was higher than 2,000 mg/kg. In a 28-day subacute toxicity model, the extract did not cause any mortality, and no treatment-related changes were observed in body weight, organ weight, hematological and biochemical blood analysis, or histopathologic examinations at the extract dose of 2000 mg/Kg. These findings indicate that the no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) of Calotropis procera flower ethanolic extract was greater than 2000 mg/kg/day. © 2022
Case Studies and Patient Stories
(Bentham Science Publishers, 2025) Devinder Kumar; Brijesh Pawan Kumar; Raj N. Kumar; Pratistha Singh
Pharmacological metabolism issues put patient safety at risk by raising the possibility of side effects and inadequate treatment results. This summary attempts to explain the challenges associated with drug metabolism, particularly long-term polypharmacy with metabolites -when an unintended change has direct and clinically meaningful effects. This is done through a series of cases and patient stories. Metabolism typically consists of a series of enzymatic reactions that occur primarily in the liver and result in drugs being converted into water-soluble forms for excretion. Nevertheless, it is a factor that can be disrupted by genetic polymorphisms, liver diseases affecting its expression or function, drug interactions, and age-related changes in physiological mechanisms. Metabolites can lead to bioaccumulation of a drug, poor therapeutic effects, or adverse events if metabolism is incomplete. A patient with a CYP2D6 enzyme deficiency may convert codeine to morphine more slowly, resulting in inadequate pain relief. Another example is a distant psychiatric patient with underlying liver disease who experiences significant inadequacy of benzodiazepine metabolism, leading to prolonged sedation and respiratory depression. There is also an example of polypharmacy, in which a patient taking multiple medications, including a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor, receives a toxic amount of a normally safe dose because the metabolic clearance rate is reduced. They are important examples of incomplete drug metabolism and underscore the imperative incorporation of precise, personalized medicine techniques, including genetic testing, close monitoring of liver function tests (which would account for gender differences in response), and thorough consideration of possible interactions between pharmaceutical agents that contribute to individual variability. This, in turn, allows healthcare professionals to provide more personalized treatment, minimize the risk of side effects, and improve patient outcomes. © 2025, Bentham Books imprint.
GC-MS and NMR spectroscopy based metabolite profiling of Panchvalkal kwath (polyherbal formulation)
(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2023) Pratistha Singh; Renuka Ranjan; Ruchita Tripathi; Jyoti Dixit; Neeraj Sinha; Anil Kumar Singh; Kavindra Nath Tiwari
Panchvalkal kwath (PK) is a bark formulation of five pharmacologically important plants, i.e., Ficus benghalensis, Ficus racemosa, Ficus religiosa, Thespesia populnea, and Ficus lacor. The Ayurvedic formulation is being used since ancient times to cure diabetes, bacterial infections and heal wounds. The present study aims to identify the metabolite profiles of PK which could explain its properties and its mode of action against specific diseases and disorders. The aqueous extract of Panchvalkal is prepared through a hot maceration process. The extract is subjected to preliminary identification of phytoconstituents and FTIR spectroscopy to recognize functional groups. GC-MS analysis reveals that the extract is enriched with 24-Norursa-3,12-diene (25.16%); Lup-20(29)-en-3-one (16.76%); 2-methyl-3-(4-propan-2-ylphenyl) propanal (7.04%); 2-(hydroxymethyl)-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol (11.21%) and 3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-2,3-dihydropyran-4-one (4.15%). The presence of three new phytocompounds that are 4-(hydroxymethyl)-7-methyl-1,3-dioxepane-5,6-diol; 1-(4-isopropylphenyl)-2-methylpropylacetate and 4,4,6 A,6B,8A,11,11,14B-octamethyl-1,4,4A,5,6,6A,8,8a,910,11,12,12a,12b,13,14,14a,14b-ctadecahydro-3(2H)-picenone are detected in the extract. Metabolite profiles of the extract also constitute isoeugenol, stigmasterol, ergosterol, ocimene, myrcene, squalene, sphingosine, betulin, methyl ferulate and cis-jasmone, which are unraveled by 1 D 1H and 2 D 1H-13C HSQC NMR spectroscopy. This article focuses on the presence of different phytocompounds in PK in order to demonstrate its efficacy as a therapeutic formulation for a variety of diseases. © 2021 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
Panchvalkal (polyherbal formulation) mitigates STZ induced type 2 DM by modulating the expression of hexokinase (HX), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), triphosphate isomerase (TPI)
(Elsevier B.V., 2022) Pratistha Singh; Khushi Verma; Jyoti Dixit; Vipin Rai; Gopeshwar Narayan; Kavindra Nath Tiwari; Anil Kumar Singh; Jasmeet Singh; Kumar Ashutosh
Background: The present study was designed to evaluate the potentiality of Panchvalkal (Ayurvedic formulation) for the treatment of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Panchvalkal is polyherbal formulation of bark Ficus benghalensis L., Ficus racemosa L., Ficus religiosa L., Thespesia populnea L. and Ficus lacor Buch-Ham. The formulation was traditionally used as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and to treat ulcers, wounds, leucorrhoea and other vaginal diseases. Objective: The current study was hypothesized to investigate Panchvalkal aqueous extract protective property against streptozotocin induced Diabetes Mellitus Swiss albino rats and its effects on HX, LDH and TPI genes involved in glycolysis pathway. Method: Aqueous extract of the bark of five medicinal plants were prepared. The aqueous extract of Panchvalkal was analyzed for antioxidant property (TF, TP, DPPH and RP). Diabetes was induced in Swiss albino rats through streptozotocin (60 mgKg-1 bw i.p.) administration. The extract (500 mgKg-1 bw) and glibenclamide (300 mgKg-1 bw) alone and in combination was administrated orally to specific group of animals up to 28 days. Animals were scarified, blood was collected, and liver excised. cDNA was prepared from RNA isolated from the liver. Expression of HX, LDH and TPI were studied through real-time PCR analysis. Result: Panchvalkal aqueous extract was enriched with phenol content (82.84 mg GAE G−1) and flavonoid content (283.52 mg RE G−1) and showed effective antioxidant property. No sign of toxicity and mortality in rats were recorded during toxicity assessment. Rats administrated with Panchvalkal 500 mgKg-1 bw showed significant reduction in blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL and increase in HDL level. Also the plasma glucose level was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced in comparison to diabetic control. Significant increase in enzymes level such as SGOT and SGPT was observed. Panchvalkal modulated the expression level of Hexokinase (HX), Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and Triphosphate isomerase (TPI) genes in STZ induced T2DM. Conclusion: The present study showed that Panchvalkal acts effectively in modulating the mRNA expression of HX, LDH and TPI genes involved in the glycolysis pathway and other metabolic reactions. It significantly increased the glucose uptake and improved the glucose metabolism in T2DM. © 2021 The Authors
South Indian Medicinal Herb: An Extensive Comparison of the Neuroprotective Activity
(Bentham Science Publishers, 2022) Pratistha Singh; Ashutosh Kumar; Anil Kumar Singh
Medicinal Plants have secondary metabolites containing various phytoconstituents. Traditionally, medicinal plants are used in several diseases like cancer, diabetes, neurodegenerative disorder, etc. Flavonoids, Tannin, Phenols, Phenylpropanoids, Isoprenoids, and alkaloids are present in several medicinal plants, which play a very important role to promote health benefits and defensiveness for other disorders. Neurological disorders are prone to the elderly and difficult to treat. Several medicinal plants have been recognized as beneficial in neurological disorders. Various types of plant extract and formulations are present in ancient texts, which are effective in such disorders and should be explored scientifically to mitigate neurodegenerative disorders. In this chapter, we will focus on South Indian medicinal plants which are effective in neurological disorders or have neuroprotective properties. © 2022, Bentham Books imprint. All Rights Reserved.