Browsing by Author "Praveen Kumar Singh"

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Immunomodulating and antiproteinuric effect of hippophae rhamnoides (Badriphal) in idiopathic nephrotic syndrome
(2013) Rana Gopal Singh; Parampal Singh; Praveen Kumar Singh; Usha; Aruna Agrawal; B.N. Upadhyay; Ashutosh Soni
Objective: The treatment of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome is still not well settled and at times is very frustrating. Number of protocols have been reported with variable results outcome in various conditions. The main pillar of treatment of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome is use of immunomodulating and suppressive drugs in various combinations. The herbal preparations have also been reported to have immunomodulating property. The study has been planned to record Immunomodulating and antiproteinuric effect of Hippophae rhamnoides. Material and Methods: In the present study had 2 groups having 28 patients of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in each group have been included. The patients were subjected to haematological, biochemical, immunological investigation at 0, 1, 2 and 3 months interval with dietic advise. Group A have been put on standard treatment, whereas group B on Badriphal in the well worked up doses. The hydroalcoholic extract of 350 mg twice daily of Badriphal was given to group B as add on treatment. Patients were followed up with definite protocol at monthly interval for 3 months. Results: At the end of 3 month patients showed improvement in the symptoms of oedema, anorexia, oliguria in the herbal group. The urinary estimation of protein showed significant decrease in Group B with elevation of S. albumin levels. The inflammatory cytokines has show ed significant decrease at the end of 3 month. Conclusion: Thus the pilot study showed beneficial effect of the herbal preparation Hippophae rhamnoides as add on treatment. A large perspective study is recommended to establish these findings. © JAPI.
Relative availability of inorganic N-pools shifts under land use change: An unexplored variable in soil carbon dynamics
(Elsevier B.V., 2016) Pratap Srivastava; Praveen Kumar Singh; Rishikesh Singh; Rahul Bhadouria; Dharmendra Kumar Singh; Shivam Singh; Talat Afreen; Sacchidanand Tripathi; Pardeep Singh; Hema Singh; Akhilesh Singh Raghubanshi
Land use change (LUC) may detrimentally affect the soil organic carbon (SOC) within different soil fractions; directly supplemented by significant contribution to soil CO2 efflux (SCE). To understand the governing mechanism, experimental data were collected for SOC and SCE along with soil physico-chemical, microbial and aggregate characteristics across adjacent secondary forest (SF)-grassland (GL)-cropland (CL) sequence in dry tropical ecosystems. A significant change in SOC and SCE was observed from SF to GL and CL systems, respectively; though moderately from GL to CL system. Respective decrease in SOC (31 and 42%); soil ammonium-N to nitrate-N ratio (ANR; 96 and 86%), microbial biomass C (MBC; 30 and 50%), nitrogen (MBN; 6 and 33%) and MBC/MBN ratio (25 and 24%); whereas increase in SCE (43 and 57%) and soil nitrate-N availability (340 and 592%) was observed from SF to GL and CL systems. Moreover, aggregate physical distribution shifted toward smaller size fractions; whereas aggregate-associated total C and KMnO4-labile-C concentration and carbon management index (CMI) across aggregate-size fractions decreased linearly with the land use sequence. SOC was majorly governed by macro-aggregate water stability (WASmacro) and MBC; whereas SCE by CMI of macro-aggregate (CMImacro) fraction. Furthermore, the ANR showed positive correlation with microbial (i.e. MBC and MBC/MBN ratio) and macro-aggregate physical (i.e. WASmacro) and chemical stability (i.e. CMImacro). It indicates that a shift in the microbial community with the land use may affect the relative availability of inorganic N pools and associated aggregate characteristics. Thus, our results indicate that a shift in ANR with LUC may be an unexplored and crucial indicator of soil C dynamics mediating quantitative and qualitative changes in microbial and aggregate characteristics in dry tropical ecosystems. Further, a critical emphasis is needed on the relationship of SOC dynamics with ANR for future studies at various spatiotemporal scales worldwide to recognize its potential role as ecological indicator of SOC dynamics. Also, its inclusion under climatic models may help to better predict the future climate. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
The Unified Response of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation and Quasi-Biennial Oscillation on Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall
(Birkhauser, 2023) R. Bhatla; Praveen Kumar Singh; Anurag Kumar; Shruti Verma; Manas Pant; R.K. Mall; R.S. Singh
This study investigates the relationship between Indian summer monsoon (ISM) rainfall and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) on a monthly and seasonal basis with respect to the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) during the period 1953–2016. The analysis is performed for full time series of monthly and seasonal ISM rainfall and AMO index data as well by regrouping according to the westerly and easterly phase of the QBO (at 50 hPa). A direct positive association is observed between ISM rainfall and the AMO for the full time series during the pre-monsoon (March–April–May) and winter (January–February) seasons via the Rossby wave train from the North Atlantic across South Asia, thus resulting in an increase in the temperature gradient between the Indian Ocean (IO) and Eurasia which strengthened the ISM. The strongest association was found during the pre-monsoon season and especially during April. The variability in ISM rainfall was more prominently modulated by the pre-monsoon warm phase of the AMO along with the westerly phase of the QBO as compared with the easterly phase. The elevated ISM rainfall during the warm AMO phase and westerly phase of the QBO ultimately triggered low IO sea surface temperature and salinity during September–October. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
Understanding the Association of Tropical SST Anomalies on the ISMR During Extreme IOD Events
(Birkhauser, 2024) Shruti Verma; R. Bhatla; Praveen Kumar Singh
The synergistic effects of the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) and El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) have been investigated in this study over various subregions of India during 1981–2015. The IOD, is aperiodic and erratic, still this phenomenon is intrinsic in nature dependent on coupled ocean and atmospheric characteristics of the Indian ocean. About 60% of the IOD events showed its coexistence with ENSO during the 35-year recent climatology, still 40% of IOD events are independently occurring. For this analysis, the strongest three positive IOD (1994, 1997, 2006) and three negative IOD (1996, 1998, 2010) events have been identified that co-occurred with El-Nino and La-Nina events respectively. This study reveals that pIOD events are stronger and but the nIOD events are frequent and effecting Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall (ISMR). The Sea Surface Temperature (SST) anomalies helps in explaining how strong pIOD favors moisture transport towards the western ghats, central India, northwest India, and anticyclonic conditions in the Bay of Bengal area whereas nIOD produces less rainfall in central India and the western ghats, but greater rainfall in the northeastern region. The reduced ENSO-IOD coupling in the 2000s may have strengthened the connection between ENSO and the Indian Summer Monsoon (ISMR), which had experienced a weakening in preceding decades, as reported by Kumar et al. (Science 284:2156–2159, 1999) and Ashok et al. (Geophys Res Lett 28:4499–4502, 2001). This study also investigates whether a regional climate model (RegCM4.7) accurately incorporate the realistic ENSO-IOD coupling mechanisms, and simulate its impact on regionalized precipitation during summer monsoon. The high-resolution RegCM4.7 simulations are close to the observation of rainfall during 2006, 1996 and 2010 extreme IOD events simulation that indicate RCM’s higher sensitivity towards the abrupt change in boundary condition such as SST. Overall, the monsoon core regions i.e., central India, western ghats and northeast India, both IOD and southern oscillations are the synergistic predictor for the ISMR. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023.