Browsing by Author "Preeti Singh"

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A Molecular and Spectroscopic Approach to Reclamation of Coal Mine Soil Using Tree Species: a Case Study of Gevra Mining Area, Korba, India
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2022) Preeti Singh; A.K. Ghosh; Santosh Kumar; S.L. Jat; Kumari Seema; Satya Narayana Pradhan; Manoj Kumar
Loss of topsoil and mechanical mixing of soil horizons of mining land causes depletion of huge amounts of carbon (C). Biological reclamation of the soils of mining land helps in soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration. Therefore, to quantify the quality and quantity of soil organic carbon sequestered through biological reclamation, a chronosequence study consisting of 8- and 25-year-old reclaimed mine soil substrates planted with three different plant species, viz Azadirachta indica, Gmelina arborea and Dalbergia sissoo was undertaken at Gevra, Chhattisgarh, India. Microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and mean SOC stock were recorded highest for A. indica (1468.45 mg C kg−1 soil substrate and 334.72 Mg C ha−1 respectively) after 25 years of reclamation. All the three tree species contributed significantly in raising the non-labile SOC pool among which, the contribution of A. indica (88.25%) was found highest. SOC stock (69.82 Mg C ha−1) was found highest for topsoil substrate of 25-year-old re-vegetated site. This increase in SOC in topsoil substrate associated with a higher carbon input and the lower rates of SOC decomposition following revegetation indicated accumulation of more stable SOC forms with time. The nitrogen (N) content (r = − 0.51, p < 0.01) and C/N ratio (r = 0.56, p < 0.05) in the litter were an important controlling factor for TSOC. SOC molecules became more aromatic with a higher degree of substitution by reactive functional groups in the 25-year-old restored minesoil substrates as observed from spectroscopic analysis (E4/E6 and A253nm/A220nm). After 25 years of reclamation, similar Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) absorption bands were observed for all tree species. However, the intensities at 1618- 1651 cm−1 in humic acid (HA) of G. arborea were higher, indicating presence of aromatic C=C, ascribed to the higher complexity of the HA fraction for G. arborea. The results indicated that spectroscopic methods (FT-IR, UV–vis, E4/E6 ratio) were clearly able to distinguish between restored minesoil substrates on the basis of the characteristics of SOC molecules and can be useful to shedding light on SOC dynamics and sequestration processes. © 2022, The Author(s) under exclusive licence to Sociedad Chilena de la Ciencia del Suelo.
Agroforestry Systems: An Effective Toolfor Carbon Sequestration
(Apple Academic Press, 2024) Chandini Pradhan; A.K. Ghosh; Preeti Singh; Rajendra Gadhwal
The consequences of global warming on climate change (CC) are now evident to all. The escalating level of greenhouse gases is the root cause of global warming is the increase in greenhouse gases (GHGs). As per reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) the levels of current GHG, especially CO2 have increased drastically about 30% in the atmosphere as compared to the pre-industrial levels. Such drastic increase of CO2 has occurred due to anthropogenic activities like vehicular emission due to combustion of fossil fuels, emission from industries and replacement of tropical forests by agricultural lands. In order to mitigate this hazard C-sequestration has emerged as an effective way wherein the atmospheric carbon is being converted and stored in a form that is unavailable. In terms of sequestration, plant and soil organic carbon (SOC) act as an excellent carbon sink (25% of global carbon (GC) stocks, i.e., 2,000 ± 500 Pg) and their benefits can be maximized if they are managed and manipulated in various biomes. One such option is agroforestry systems which judiciously combine the woody perennials or trees with crops, livestock, and pastures for deriving maximum ecological benefit from their interaction. The tree component in such systems serve as a long-term sink for carbon. Moreover, agroforestry systems have the ability to sequester carbon both in the aboveground andbelowground biomass portions as well as soil. It is estimated that the agroforestry systems can potentially store approximately up to 30–300 Mg C ha–1 in one meter soil depth. Thus, the chapter encapsulates brief definitions, extent, and types of agroforestry systems present across world, mechanism C-sequestration by agroforestry systems and ancillary benefits associated with them. In addition, some lights have been thrown on international policies for promoting agroforestry all of the world, their execution, loopholes, and recommendations. © 2025 by Apple Academic Press, Inc.
An interdisciplinary approach for reconstruction of worn dentition
(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2022) Farhan Durrani; Rakhshinda Nahid; Samidha Pandey; Aishwarya Pandey; Preeti Singh
Complete tooth wear dentition is multifactorial and has challenges with diagnosis and etiology. Their rehabilitation often requires orthognathic surgery, orthodontics, periodontal surgery, and prosthodontic guidelines for occlusion with harmonious facial and dental esthetics. A patient needs a multidisciplinary approach with systematic analysis to formulate evidence-based approach to improve function and esthetics. Contemporary periodontal therapy also encompasses esthetic treatment where needs are frequently associated with changes in tooth size, shape, proportion, and balance that can adversely affect smile appearance. The article provides an evidence-based guideline for reconstruction of a worn dentition. The completed work includes crown lengthening, provisionalization, socket shield technique, oral implants, and gain in lost vertical dimension with occlusion correction and minimally invasive prosthetic restorations. © 2022 Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications. All rights reserved.
Carbon Sequestration in Revegetated Coal Mine Soil: A Chronosequence Study in the Gevra Opencast Project, Chhattisgarh, India
(wiley, 2024) Preeti Singh; Amlan Kumar Ghosh; Ebhin Masto; Santosh Kumar; Chandini Pradhan
Coal, contributing to over 70% of India’s energy production, is intrinsically linked to significant land degradation, notably from mining operations. One of the adverse effects of coal mining is the greenhouse gas emissions from coal combustion, fallen biomass, and mineralization of exposed soil organic matter (SOM). This degradation often results in a significant reduction of SOM content in disturbed soils, which can potentially be countered by targeted soil restoration and strategic revegetation. This study, based in Gevra Coal Mines, Chhattisgarh, probes into the intricacies of soil carbon (SOC) sequestration, focusing on the roles played by plant litter quality and decomposition rates. Through the analysis of different carbon parameters from soil samples collected under the three native plant species - Azadirachta indica, Dalbergia sissoo, and Gmelina arborea, the research underscores that litter quality, more than quantity, is pivotal to effective carbon sequestration. As vegetation gets restored, a resistant SOC pool accumulates, which further contributes to long-term SOC sequestration. With time, SOC molecules undergo humification, becoming more aromatic and stable. The molecular properties of these molecules play a critical role in defining soil quality in reclaimed areas. Spectroscopic methodologies, such as FT-IR and UV-vis, emerged as valuable tools to discern SOC molecular attributes and their dynamics. Of the tree species studied, D. sissoo demonstrated superiority in both quality and quantity of sequestered carbon. In conclusion, the research reaffirms the indispensable need for robust afforestation measures in coal mining areas. As vegetation gets restored, not only is carbon effectively sequestered, but soil health is gradually revived, emphasizing the role of strategic revegetation in post-mining landscapes. © 2025 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Changes in physical properties of mine soils brought about by planting trees
(Enviro Media, 2015) Preeti Singh; Shankar Ram; A.K. Ghosh
Mining results in the formation of huge amount of overburden materials which results in soil degradation, pollution and loss of economic wealth. Reclamation of overburden soils by planting trees can stabilize the spoil and accelerate the pedogenic processes influencing soil physical, chemical and biological properties. Selected soil physical properties were studied during the reclamation of coal mine spoil under plantation and compared to reference sites to gauge the restoration of soil properties from their pristine values. Soil colour was grey in the original dump and changed to yellow brown after 25 years of reclamation. Gravel content decreased from 17.33 to 12.33% and clay content increased from 21 to 31% during the restoration process. Surface bulk density decreased with advancement of the reclamation process from 1.57 to 1.40 Mg m-3, but were wide apart from cultivated soils (1.13 Mg m-3) and natural forest (1.10 Mg m-3) of the area. Porosity of the cultivated fields (48.39%) and natural forests (50.47%) were much higher than reclamation sites (35.93%) and showed decreasing trends with increasing depth. Water holding capacity however improved from 36.48 % under fresh dump to 44.59% under 25 years of reclamation and was near to the reference sites. Thus, most of the physical properties studied, showed improved over the years of restoration under plantation indicating advancement in the pedogenic process. Hence it may be concluded that planting trees is an excellent way of restoration of coal mine overburden dumps. However it is a slow process and takes a long time to attain equilibrium with the surrounding environment. © Copyright EM International.
Characterisation of islet antibody-negative type 1 diabetes mellitus in Indian children
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2024) Jayakrishnan C. Menon; Pratibha Singh; Archana Archana; Uma Kanga; Preeti Singh; Medha Mittal; Atul Garg; Anju Seth; Vijayalakshmi Bhatia; Preeti Dabadghao; Siddhnath Sudhanshu; Ruchira Vishwakarma; Shivendra Verma; S.K. Singh; Eesh Bhatia
Aims: Islet antibody-negative type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) has not been well characterised. We determined the frequency of antibody-negative T1DM and compared it with antibody-positive T1DM in a cohort of north Indian children. Methods: In a multi-centre, prospective, observational study, 176 Indian children (age 1–18 years) were assessed within 2 weeks of diagnosis of T1DM. Antibodies against GAD65 (GADA), islet antigen-2 (IA-2A) and zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8A), were estimated using validated ELISA. HLA-DRB1, DQA1 and DQB1 alleles were studied by Luminex-based typing. Monogenic diabetes was determined by targeted next-generation sequencing using the Illumina platform. Results: After excluding 12 children with monogenic diabetes, GADA, IA-2A and ZnT8A were present in 124 (76%), 60 (37%) and 62 (38%) o children, respectively, while 24 (15%) were negative for all antibodies. A single antibody (most frequently GADA) was present in 68 (41%) of children, while all three antibodies were found in 34 (21%). Islet antibody-negative T1DM (n = 24, 15%) did not differ from antibody-positive children in their clinical features, HbA1c or plasma C-peptide, both at onset or after 1 year follow-up (available in 62 children). The frequency of other organ-specific antibodies or high-risk HLA-DR and DQ alleles were also similar. Children with a single islet antibody did not differ from those with multiple antibodies. Conclusions: The frequency of various islet-antibodies, in isolation and combination, differed considerably from studies among children of European descent with T1DM. Children with T1DM who were islet antibody-negative were indistinguishable from those who were antibody-positive. © 2024 Diabetes UK.
Characterization and Fertility Assessment of Soils of Mirzapur District of Eastern Uttar Pradesh for Sustainable Land Use Planning
(Indian journals, 2021) Seema; A.K. Ghosh; Sunita Yadav; Preeti Singh; Aradhana Thakur
Ten typical pedons representing major landforms in semi-arid and sub-tropical ecosystem of Mirzapur district of Uttar Pradesh viz., plains, mid lands and uplands developed from alluvium parent material under varying land uses were studied for their morphological characteristics, physical and chemical properties and soil classification. The colour of the soils ranged from light brown grey to brownish yellow and dark brown with a dominant hue of 10YR. These soils were acidic to moderately alkaline (pH 6.0 to 8.6) in reaction, non-saline, moderately deep to very deep and had isohyperthermic temperature and udic soil moisture regime. Texture and total organic carbon (TOC) ranged from loam to clay loam and 0.3 to 19.9 g kg-1, respectively. Soils were lower to medium range in phosphorus (4.0 to 18.0 kg ha-1) and available potassium (96 to 299 kg ha-1). All the pedons had ochric epipedon and underlain by cambic horizon (P3, P4, P7, P8, P9 and P10) within the control section and as such they come under order Inceptisols whereas P1, P2, P5 and P6 have argillic horizon so they come under order Alfisols. All soils of the study area fall in agricultural land under land capability classes III and IV having limitations of slope and erosion. On the basis of major soil constraints and potentials, suitable land use plan has been suggested. © 2021, Indian journals. All rights reserved.
Ciprofloxacin-Tethered 1,2,3-Triazole Conjugates: New Quinolone Family Compounds to Upgrade Our Antiquated Approach against Bacterial Infections
(American Chemical Society, 2022) Alka Agarwal; Preeti Singh; Anand Maurya; Upendra Kumar Patel; Alka Singh; Gopal Nath
A newer ciprofloxacin series containing 1,2,3-triazole conjugates of ciprofloxacin was designed, synthesized, and well characterized using modern analytical techniques by reacting diversified anilines with ciprofloxacin obtained from ciprofloxacin hydrochloride. The newer conjugates were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against various strains, viz. Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC25923), Enterococcus faecalis (clinical isolate), Staphylococcus epidermidis (ATCC3594), Escherichia coli (ATCC25922), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC27853), Salmonella typhi (clinical isolate), Salmonella typhimurium (clinical isolate), Acinetobacter baumannii (ATCC19606), Aeromonas hydrophila (ATCC7966), Plesiomonas shigelloides (ATCC14029), and Sphingo biumpaucimobilis (MTCC6362) in vitro. Interestingly, some of the conjugates showed superior antimicrobial activity as compared to the control drug ciprofloxacin. The three compounds 4i, 4j, and 4n showed strong activity with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) 0.78 μM, while the compound 4g showed MIC 1.56 μM against S. typhi (clinical). The compound 4a showed good efficacy against S. aureus (ATCC25923) and S. typhi (clinical) with MIC 3.12 μM, while the compound 4b exhibited efficacy with MIC 3.12 μM against S. aureus (ATCC25923) and the control drug ciprofloxacin showed MIC 6.25 μM. Among all of the synthesized compounds, 4e, 4f, 4g, 4h, 4p, 4q, 4t, and 4u displayed less than 20% hemolysis, while the rest of the compounds showed hemolysis in the range of 21–48%. Moreover, the structure of compound 4b was also established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies. © 2022 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society
Comparative evaluation of salivary, serum, and GCF alkaline phosphatase levels in chronic periodontitis patients before and after nonsurgical periodontal therapy: A clinico-biochemical study
(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2024) Sarita Parihar; Preeti Singh; Ragini Srivastava; Atul Srivastava; Fouzia Imran; J.P. Vishnu
Background: Chronic periodontitis is a multifactorial disease that causes the supporting tissues around the teeth to become inflamed and destroyed, which further causes tooth mobility and eventual tooth loss. The enzyme alkaline phosphatase (ALP), which is involved in bone resorption and gingival inflammation, is an important biomarker. The current study's objective is to compare the serum, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), and salivary levels of ALP in individuals with chronic periodontitis before and after nonsurgical periodontal therapy. Materials and Methods: On the basis of clinical and radiographic examinations, 72 participants were split into two groups: Group I (healthy individuals) and Group II (chronic periodontitis patients). All patients who were in an aseptic condition had their serum, GCF, and unstimulated saliva taken, and samples were then tested for ALP levels using ALP kit. Results: The difference in salivary, serum, and GCF ALP levels between the control group (23.44 ± 4.76, 58.88 ± 8.29, and 776.76 ± 121.91) and the study group (105.66 ± 16.33, 102.38 ± 4.43, and 1,825.77 ± 275.12) was found to be statistically significant with P < 0.001. The difference in salivary, serum, and GCF ALP levels from baseline (105.66 ± 16.33, 102.38 ± 4.43, and 1,825.77 ± 275.12) to postoperative (49.54 ± 5.69, 83.46 ± 4.22, and 1,148.38 ± 129.01) was found to be statistically significant with P < 0.001. The results demonstrated that patients with chronic periodontitis have considerably higher levels of serum, GCF, and salivary ALP than healthy individuals. Conclusion: Salivary and GCF ALP can thus be used as a key inflammatory diagnostic biomarker in periodontal diseases. © 2024 National Journal of Maxillofacial Surgery.
Comparison between all-on-four and all-on-six treatment concepts on stress distribution for full-mouth rehabilitation using three-dimensional finite element analysis: A biomechanical study
(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2023) Aishwarya Pandey; Farhan Durrani; Sanjay Kumar Rai; Nishant Kumar Singh; Preeti Singh; Rati Verma; Jitendra Kumar
Purpose: The current study intended to provide a comparison of biomechanical behaviors of two different treatment concepts for full-mouth rehabilitation with dental implants placed according to the 'All-on-four' concept and 'All-on-six' concept with analysis of the stress patterns of the implant support system using three-dimensional finite element analysis (FEA). Materials and Methods: The edentulous mandible was treated with two different implant designs. 'All-on-Four' implant placement concept was used in Model 1 with two central axial implants and two distally tilted implants at 17° and in Model 2, 'All-on-Six' concept was applied with six vertically placed implants. Individual vertical and horizontal load of 100 N and oblique load of 141 N at 45° was applied to all implants. To evaluate and compare the results in terms of maximum principal stress, we used FEA. Results: All-on-six showed smaller maximum principal stress values on the cortical bone and implants. However, maximum principal stress values obtained on trabecular bone was smaller in the All-on-four design for vertical and horizontal loading conditions. Conclusions: The All-on-six approach showed more favorable biomechanical behavior. © 2023 Indian Society of Periodontology | Published by Wolters Kluwer - Medknow.
Ecological weed management and square planting influenced the weed management, and crop productivity in direct-seeded rice
(Nature Research, 2024) Mona Nagargade; Manoj Kumar Singh; Vishal Tyagi; Prabhu Govindasamy; Anil K. Choudhary; Kuldeep Rajpoot; Adarsh Kumar; Preeti Singh; Debalin Sarangi
Herbicide use may pose a risk of environmental pollution or evolution of resistant weeds. As a result, an experiment was carried out to assess the influence of different non-chemical weed management tactics (one hoeing (HH) at 12 DAS followed by (fb) one hand weeding at 30 DAS, one HH at 12 DAS fb Sesbania co-culture and its mulching, one HH at 12 DAS fb rice straw mulching @ 4t ha−1, one HH at 12 DAS fb rice straw mulching @ 6 t ha−1) on weed control, crop growth and yield, and economic returns in direct-seeded rice (DSR). Experiment was conducted during kharif season in a split-plot design and replicated thrice. Zero-till seed drill-sown crop (PN) had the lowest weed density at 25 days after sowing (DAS), while square planting geometry (PS) had the lowest weed density at 60 DAS. PS also resulted in a lower weed management index (WMI), agronomic management index (AMI), and integrated weed management index (IWMI), as well as higher growth attributes, grain yield (4.19 t ha–1), and net return (620.98 US$ ha–1). The cultivar Arize 6444 significantly reduced weed density and recorded higher growth attributes, yield, and economic return. In the case of weed management treatments, one HH at 12 DAS fbSesbania co-culture and its mulching had the lowest weed density, Shannon-weinner index and eveness at 25 DAS. However, one hoeing at 12 DAS fb one hand weeding at 30 DAS (HH + WH) achieved the highest grain yield (4.85 t ha–1) and net returns (851.03 US$ ha–1) as well as the lowest weed density at 60 DAS. PS × HH + WH treatment combination had the lowest weed persistent index (WPI), WMI, AMI, and IWMI, and the highest growth attributes, production efficiency, and economic return. © The Author(s) 2024.
Effect of biochar on yield and heavy metals uptake in rice grown on soil amended with sewage sludge
(Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology, 2016) H.S. Jatav; S.K. Singh; Y.V. Singh; Alpana Paul; Vipin Kumar; Preeti Singh; Hemant Jayant
A green house experiment was conducted in the net house of the Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi (U.P.) during kharif, 2013 to find out the effect of biochar on availability of heavy metals in soil amended with sewage sludge. There were nine treatments, consisting of six different doses of biochar as 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 10, 15, 20 t ha-1 along with 100% RDF and sewage sludge @ 30 t ha-1 applied in each biochar amended pot. In order to recover plant from initial stress, 50% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) was applied in each pot at 45 DAT. Results of this study showed a significant increase in test weight, grain and straw yield with application of graded level of biochar along with sewage sludge. Soil pH and electrical conductivity did not show any significant change with application of sewage sludge but with increasing levels of biochar pH of soil showed a significant increase. Application of biochar @ 20 t ha-1 along with sewage sludge (30 t ha-1) was found to increase grain yield to 2.5 times over control (T1) and 8.5 % over 100 % RDF. Application of 20 t biochar along with 30 t sewage sludge ha-1 (T9) registered lowest chromium content in grain. Uptake of Cd, Cr, Ni and Pb was found maximum both in grain and straw with application of 30 t ha-1 of sludge sewage (T3) where as minimum uptake was recorded with conjoint application of 20 t biochar and 30 t sewage sludge ha-1 (T9). © 2016 Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology. All rights reserved.
Effect of integrated use of organic and chemical fertilizers on growth, yield and micronutrients uptake in rice (Oryza sativa) – wheat (triticum aestivum) system
(Indian journals, 2020) Maneesh Kumar; S.K. Singh; Preeti Singh
Intensive cultivation of rice-wheat system and imbalanced fertilizer application resulted multi-nutrient deficiency and depletion of organic matter from the soil. However, owing to the steadily increasing demands for food by the overgrowing populations, a complete shift to an organic farming system is not possible. Therefore, field experiments were conducted for two years on a sandy loam soil at Agricultural Research Farm, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh to study the effect of three organic sources i.e., sewage sludge (SS), vermicompost (VC) and Sesbania green manure (GM) in combination with 75% of recommended fertilizers (RDF) on growth, yield and micronutrient uptake by rice-wheat cropping system. Other treatments were: absolute control, 100% RDF + S Zn B and customized fertilizer (CF). The plant height of rice and wheat in RDF + S Zn B was statistically at par with 100% RDF at harvest. The number of tillers was recorded the highest in case of 75% RDF + 25% N through organic amendments (T5, T6 and T7) which was statistically at par with each other both in rice and wheat. In year II in rice and wheat, grain yield was similar under all the organic treatments, which produced significantly lower yields over 100% RDF with S, Zn, B (T3) and customized fertilizer (T4) but was at par with RDF (T2). Application of organic treatments at 25% of recommended N could sustain the yield of rice-wheat system along with 75% RDF. Total uptake of Fe increased significantly by application of 75% RDF along with 25% N through GM in year I and II in rice. The highest total uptake of Fe was recorded in T4 (CF) and T5 in year I and II in wheat. Total uptake (grain + straw) of Cu was higher in the treatment receiving customized fertilizer (T4) in both year I and II in rice-wheat as compared to other treatments. The maximum total uptake of Cu was recorded in T7 (75% RDF with 25% N through GM) in both years of rice-wheat system. Application of 100% RDF + S, Zn, B (T3) had the maximum total uptake of Zn in case of year I and II in rice whereas in year I and II in wheat application of CF (T4) had the highest Zn uptake. The maximum B concentration in rice-wheat was recorded in treatment which received 100% RDF + S, Zn, B in both the years. Use of organics in combination with chemical fertilizers could sustain yields of rice and wheat and maintained adequate supply of Zn in soil. © 2020, Indian journals. All rights reserved.
Effect of Nursery Nutrient Management on Plant Survival, Physiological Traits and Yield of Rice (Oryza sativa) Genotype Swarna-Sub1 Under Submerged Rainfed Lowland Ecosystem
(Springer India, 2016) Preeti Singh; Sharad Kumar Dwivedi
An experiment was conducted to characterize nursery nutrient management by assessing morpho-physiological traits and yield attributes at different crop growth stages for improving submergence tolerance in Swarna-Sub1, a mega rice cultivar for Southeast Asia. Seven nutrient treatment combinations were applied at two different stages, one at after 10-day seeding and second at the time of transplanting (25-day-old seedlings) in cemented submergence tank. Fifteen days after transplanting, the plants were submerged for 13 days. Maximum plant height after submergence and at recovery was observed with T5 (N0:P0:K40). In leaves, ‘N,’ ‘P’ and ‘K’ content was highest in T1 (N40:P40:K40) followed by T6 (N0:P60:K40) and then with T3 (N0:P40:K40), respectively, at all crop growth stages studied. Highest seedling/plant dry weight before submergence and after submergence was recorded for T3 (N0:P40:K40) and T5 (N0:P0:K40). Submergence treatments significantly reduced nitrate reductase activity in leaves in all treatments. Maximum panicle length, panicle weight/hill, grain per panicle and biomass/hill were obtained in T6—N0:P60:K40. Positive correlation was found between survival and potassium content of shoot (r = 0.90**) followed by shoot total soluble sugar (TSS) (r = 0.52**). The finding of this experiment may be of use for balanced application of nutrient for improving submergence tolerance in rice. © 2015, NAAS (National Academy of Agricultural Sciences).
Estimation of effective bulk composition—critical appraisal and a scanning electron microscope based approach
(John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 2021) Jeev Jatan Sharma; Aditya Naik; Naresh Pant; Devsamridhi Arora; Mayuri Pandey; Preeti Singh
Pseudosections generated using the correctly estimated effective bulk composition (EBC), that is, the bulk of the closed metamorphic system that stays in chemical equilibrium are crucial in deciphering the PT history of a metamorphic terrain. A variety of tools are used by metamorphic petrologists to calculate the effective bulk of a sample, such as XRF bulk data, average bulk using point count analysis, and using X-ray maps areal analysis, each with its own limitations. In this work, we demonstrate a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) based method to generate EBC, by analysing multiple grids of a thin section using area spectrum analysis tool and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) acquisition function of electron microscopes. The pseudosections generated using EBC estimated by SEM based method are tested over two pelitic granulites of east Antarctic shield and a medium-grade metapelite from North Delhi Fold Belt of the Indian shield. The results are validated through thermobarometric estimations and are compared with pseudosections produced by using other bulk determination methods, such as XRF data and average bulk combining modal percentage with the mineral compositions. We propose that this method of calculating EBC is better compared to the other methods, as it allows the user to define the localized bulk of a particular domain, besides being a simpler and faster approach than other commonly used methods. © 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd
GGE biplot and AMMI analysis for stability and adaptability of dual-purpose maize hybrids tested across multi-environments for baby corn and fodder yield
(Range Management Society of India, 2024) K.R. Yathish; Santosh Kumar; T. Vasanth Rao; Pardeep Kumar; M. Karthik; Abhijit Kumar Das; G.K. Chikkappa; Preeti Singh; S.K. Mahanta; J.C. Sekhar; Bharath Bhushan; B.S. Jat; Sujay Rakshit
Meeting the growing demand for baby corn necessitates the development of dual-purpose hybrids that are both high-yielding and genetically stable. Accordingly, the present study aimed for multi-location testing of twelve newly crossed elite baby corn hybrids along with one check CMVL BABY CORN-2 across four environments during Rabi 2021-22. Analysis of variance underscored the significant impact of genetic (G), environmental (E), and their interaction (GE) on all traits under study. The environment was the most important source of variation for all the traits, followed by G (3.37–10.51%) and GE (1.03–2.77). The first two principal components explained 88.48, 87.52 and 76.03% of the total variation for DS, BCY and GFY, respectively. Environmental evaluation classified locations into three distinct mega-environments viz. ME I encompassed Hyderabad and Hazaribagh, and ME II and III were represented solely by Ludhiana and Varanasi, respectively. Based on the GGE biplot and AMMI analysis, genotypes T9 and T11 exhibited superior performance and stability across multiple locations over the check for both BCY and GFY traits. © Range Management Society of India.
High Frequency of Recessive WFS1 Mutations Among Indian Children With Islet Antibody-negative Type 1 Diabetes
(Endocrine Society, 2024) Jayakrishnan C Menon; Pratibha Singh; Archana Archana; Preeti Singh; Medha Mittal; Uma Kanga; Kausik Mandal; Anju Seth; Vijayalakshmi Bhatia; Preeti Dabadghao; Siddhnath Sudhanshu; Atul Garg; Ruchira Vishwakarma; Aditya Narayan Sarangi; Shivendra Verma; Surya Kumar Singh; Eesh Bhatia
Background: While the frequency of islet antibody-negative (idiopathic) type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is reported to be increased in Indian children, its aetiology has not been studied. We investigated the role of monogenic diabetes in the causation of islet antibody-negative T1DM. Methods: We conducted a multicenter, prospective, observational study of 169 Indian children (age 1-18 years) with recent-onset T1DM. All were tested for antibodies against GAD65, islet antigen-2, and zinc transporter 8 using validated ELISA. Thirty-four islet antibody-negative children underwent targeted next-generation sequencing for 31 genes implicated in monogenic diabetes using the Illumina platform. All mutations were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Results: Thirty-five (21%) children were negative for all islet antibodies. Twelve patients (7% of entire cohort, 34% of patients with islet antibody-negative T1DM) were detected to have pathogenic or likely pathogenic genetic variants. The most frequently affected locus was WFS1, with 9 patients (5% of entire cohort, 26% of islet antibody-negative). These included 7 children with homozygous and 1 patient each with a compound heterozygous and heterozygous mutation. Children with Wolfram syndrome 1 (WS) presented with severe insulin-requiring diabetes (including 3 patients with ketoacidosis), but other syndromic manifestations were not detected. In 3 patients, heterozygous mutations in HNF4A, ABCC8, and PTF1A loci were detected. Conclusion: Nearly one-quarter of Indian children with islet antibody-negative T1DM had recessive mutations in the WFS1 gene. These patients did not exhibit other features of WS at the time of diagnosis. Testing for monogenic diabetes, especially WS, should be considered in Indian children with antibody-negative T1DM. © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Endocrine Society. All rights reserved.
In situ Electrochemical Synthesis of a Composite Film Containing Nickel Hexacyanoferrate and Bentonite Clay for the Sensitive Determination of Acetaminophen and Dopamine
(Wiley-VCH Verlag, 2020) Mamta Yadav; Preeti Singh; Vellaichamy Ganesan; Rupali Gupta; Piyush Kumar Sonkar; Dharmendra Kumar Yadav
A composite film of nickel hexacyanoferrate (NiHCF) and bentonite (Bt) clay (abbreviated as NiHCF−Bt) is synthesized by an in situ electrochemical method. For this synthesis, nickel ions are immobilized on Bt clay by an ion-exchange process, equilibrating Bt clay with nickel nitrate. On a glassy carbon electrode (GCE), the nickel ion-exchanged Bt clay (Ni2+−Bt) is coated to get the modified electrode which is represented as GCE/Ni2+−Bt. The NiHCF−Bt composite film is prepared on the GCE surface using the GCE/Ni2+−Bt and scanning the electrode potentials between −0.10 to 1.00 V continuously in an aqueous solution containing potassium hexacyanoferrate and potassium chloride. This NiHCF−Bt modified GCE (GCE/NiHCF−Bt) exhibits redox peaks due to the oxidation and reduction of the central metal ion, Fe2+. The electro-generated Fe3+ present in the GCE/NiHCF−Bt, electrocatalytically oxidizes a range of drugs like acetaminophen (AC), dopamine (DA), and tyrosine (TY) at decreased overpotentials with high current. This property is advantageously used for the precise quantification of AC, DA, and TY. Sensitivity, limit of detection, and linear calibration range for the determination of AC are found to be 0.20 μA μM−1 cm−2, 1.5 μM, and 25.0–1000.0 μM, respectively. Further, the amount of AC present in pharmaceutical products is satisfactorily quantified which demonstrated the use of the NiHCF−Bt composite film in electroanalysis. © 2019 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
Influence of input litter quality and quantity on carbon storage in post-mining forest soil after 14 years of reclamation
(Elsevier B.V., 2022) Preeti Singh; A.K. Ghosh; Santosh Kumar; Manoj Kumar; Pankaj Kumar Sinha
Reclamation of post mining soils by planting trees is of great research interest due to its potential to stabilize mine soils and sequester atmospheric carbon (C). However there are knowledge gaps regarding the effect of different litter quality and biomass on the C sequestration vis-à-vis molecular characterization of soil organic carbon (SOC) in reclaimed mine soils. Hence, an experiment was conducted to determine the effect of litter quality, quantity, and leaf litter decomposition rate on the quality and quantity of carbon sequestered after 14 years of restoration by three representative plant species (Azadirachta indica, Dalbergia sissoo, and Gmelina arborea) which have been frequently used for revegetation of post-mining sites in India. Results indicate that significant amounts of carbon accumulated under different tree species (47.44, 42.34, and 20.17 Mg C ha−1 under A. indica, D. sissoo, and G. arborea plantations resepctively) as compared to recent dump. Decomposition rate constant had a significant relationship with C/N ratio and nitrogen (N) content and therefore tree species (A. indica) with high C/N, lignin/N ratios, and low N content had a significantly lower decomposition rate constant thereby sequestering more carbon, making it the tree species of choice. Among the three tree species studied, G. arborea witnessed the highest litterfall (4635 kg ha−1 yr−1) but had the lowest SOC stock due to the highest decomposition rate constant (0.00229), which established the fact that composition of leaf litter rather than total litterfall played a significant role in carbon sequestration. Furthermore, spectroscopic methods (UV–vis and FTIR) could clearly distinguish differences in functional groups and molecularity of the humic acids derived from plant species of different resource quality and hence can be effectively used in studying the quality of C sequestered. © 2022 Elsevier B.V.
Natural teeth and implant-retained prosthesis in treated periodontitis subjects
(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2022) Farhan Durrani; Samidha Pandey; Rakhshinda Nahid; Aishwarya Pandey; Preeti Singh
History of periodontal disease is a risk factor for the development of peri-implantitis. Implant treatment in susceptible patients should be followed by adequate periodontal treatment and stringent supportive programs. The assessment of the patient needs to be carefully evaluated before the procedure for implants. The risk associated with the sites to be treated requires evaluation with regular visits. The completion of treatment will still require committed follow-up visits with checks for pockets, bone loss, and plaque scores around implant-retained prosthesis as well as complete dentition. In our report, we describe in detail the reconstruction of lost dentition with implants in treated periodontitis subjects. The patients are still being followed with regular recall programs. © 2022 Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications. All rights reserved.