Browsing by Author "Prem Chandra Pandey"

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Advances in remote sensing technology and the three poles
(wiley, 2023) Manish Pandey; Prem Chandra Pandey; Yogesh Ray; Aman Arora; Shridhar D. Jawak; Uma Kant Shukla
ADVANCES IN REMOTE SENSING TECHNOLOGY AND THE THREE POLES Covers recent advances in remote sensing technology applied to the "Three Poles", a concept encompassing the Arctic, Antarctica, and the Himalayas Advances in Remote Sensing Technology and the Three Poles is a multidisciplinary approach studying the lithosphere, hydrosphere (encompassing both limnosphere, and oceanosphere), atmosphere, biosphere, and anthroposphere, of the Arctic, the Antarctic and the Himalayas. The drastic effects of climate change on polar environments bring to the fore the often subtle links between climate change and processes in the hydrosphere, biosphere, and lithosphere, while unanswered questions of the polar regions will help plan and formulate future research projects. Sample topics covered in the work include: • Terrestrial net primary production of the Arctic and modeling of Arctic landform evolution • Glaciers and glacial environments, including a geological, geophysical, and geospatial survey of Himalayan glaciers • Sea ice dynamics in the Antarctic region under a changing climate, the Quaternary geology and geomorphology of Antarctica • Continuous satellite missions, data availability, and the nature of future satellite missions, including scientific data sharing policies in different countries • Software, tools, models, and remote sensing technology for investigating polar and other environments For postgraduates and researchers working in remote sensing, photogrammetry, and landscape evolution modeling, Advances in Remote Sensing Technology and the Three Poles is a crucial resource for understanding current technological capabilities in the field along with the latest scientific research that has been conducted in polar areas. © 2023 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. All rights reserved.
Applications and challenges of geospatial technology: Potential and future trends
(Springer International Publishing, 2018) Pavan Kumar; Meenu Rani; Prem Chandra Pandey; Haroon Sajjad; Bhagwan Singh Chaudhary
This book advances the scientific understanding and application of space-based technologies to address a variety of areas related to sustainable development; including environmental systems analysis, environmental management, clean processes, green chemistry, and green engineering. Geo-spatial techniques have gained considerable interest in recent decades among the earth and environmental science communities for solving and understanding various complex problems and approaches towards sustainable technologies. The book encompasses several scopes of interests on sustainable technologies in areas such as water resources, forestry, remote sensing, meteorology, atmospheric and oceanic modeling, environmental engineering and management, civil engineering, air and environmental pollution, water quality problems, etc. The book will appeal to people with an interest in geo-spatial techniques, sustainable development and other diverse backgrounds within earth and environmental sciences field. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019. All rights reserved.
Aquatic Ecosystems Monitoring: Conventional Assessment to Advanced Remote Sensing
(CRC Press, 2024) Prem Chandra Pandey; Prashant K. Srivastava; Sanjeev Kumar Srivastava
This book collates traditional and modern applications of remote sensing in aquatic ecosystem monitoring. It covers conventional assessment methods like sampling, surveying, macroinvertebrates, and chlorophyll estimation for aquatic ecosystem health assessment. Advanced remote sensing technology provides timely spectral information for quantitative and qualitative assessment of water quality, shoreline changes, coral bleaching, and vegetation monitoring. The book covers different types of aquatic ecosystems like wetlands, rivers, lakes, saline, and the brackish lake. It also: Reviews the latest applications of remote sensing in the monitoring and assessment of aquatic ecosystems Includes traditional methods like cartography, sampling, surveying, phytoplankton assessment, river interlinking, and chlorophyll estimation Discusses the application of multi-source data and machine learning in monitoring aquatic ecosystems Discusses aquatic ecosystem management, services, threats, and sustainability Explores challenges, opportunities, and prospects of future Earth observation applications for aquatic ecosystem monitoring The book discusses space-borne, airborne, and drone geospatial data. The parts broadly cover aquatic ecosystem monitoring, vegetation management, advanced modeling practices, and challenges. It is meant for scientists, professionals, and policymakers working in environmental sciences, remote sensing, and geology. © 2025 selection and editorial matter, Prem Chandra Pandey, Prashant K. Srivastava, Sanjeev Kumar Srivastava; individual chapters, the contributors.
Assessing the impacts of temperature, precipitation and land use change on open water bodies of Middle Ghaghara River Basin
(Springer Singapore, 2019) Rajesh Kumar; Prem Chandra Pandey; Pyarimohan Maharana; Hemant Gautam; Vijendra Kumar Pandey
Wetlands are one of the most productive and fragile ecosystems on the Earth's surface. They have been providing essential services (irrigation, groundwater recharge, flood control and drinking water) to the society since the beginning of civilisation. The middle Ghaghara River basin is located in middle Ganga alluvial plain and is mainly drained by Ghaghara, Sarju, Rapti, Burhi Rapti and Kuwano rivers. In this study, Landsat 5 and 8 images of the post-monsoon months of 1989 and 2015 were used to extract the open water bodies of wetlands. Density slicing of the shortwave infrared band and the modified normalised water difference index (MNDWI) were utilised for the extraction of open water bodies. The total area of open water bodies was 472 km2 in 1989, while it reduced to 317 km2 in 2015. Thus, the reduction in open water bodies of wetlands is about 33%. Precipitation and temperature collectively play a major role in nurturing the wetlands. Therefore, in this study, trends in these climate parameters were analysed using non-parametric Mann-Kendall (MK) and Sen's slope methods. A significant increasing trend in annual mean temperature and a decreasing trend in total annual precipitation caused to shrink in open water bodies of the wetlands. Besides this, encroachment of cropland and built-up areas on wetlands denotes anthropogenic reason for the reduction in their areal extent. This study is beneficial to the planners and environmentalists for the restoration of shrinking open water bodies of wetlands in the middle Ghaghara River basin. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2019.
Climate Change and Its Impact on Forest of Indian Himalayan Region: A Review
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2022) Amit Kumar Tripathi; Prem Chandra Pandey; Jyoti Kumar Sharma; Dimitris Triantakonstantis; Prashant K. Srivastava
The Indian Himalayan Region (IHR) forms the northern boundary of India covering an area of about 5.3 lakh km2, which constitutes 16.2% of the total geographical area. The region is remarkable for its diversity of plants and animals and provides abundant ecosystem services to people. The Indian Himalayas (IH) is richly endowed with forest resources and supports different types of forest ecosystems along with varied topography. In addition to anthropogenic factors, the forests of IH are under pressure due to changing climate. There are several pieces of evidence of significant changes in temperature, precipitation, and vegetation phenology in IHR. Climate change (CC) has a significant impact on forest ecosystems of IH which results in the upward movement of several plant species, and further changes are expected to cause the extinction of species. Due to changing climatic conditions in IHR, possibly some of the locations may become more favorable to alien invasive species causing negative impacts on native plants. Changing temperature and rainfall in the region have caused phenological changes in many economically and ecologically important plant species like Rhododendron sp., Myrica esculenta, Pinus wallichiana, etc. As a result of which these species are shifting towards higher elevations to cope up with altered climate. A significant reduction in suitable habitat and the massive decline in the population of animal species due to climate change is also predicted. The studies carried out in IHR indicated shifts in vegetation types across IHR from moderate to large scale. Higher elevation Himalayan temperate forests, subalpine forests, and alpine forests are more vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change while Sal forests are predicted to shift towards the north-eastern region. Western Himalayan forests are highly susceptible to changing climate while eastern Himalayan forests are estimated to be more resilient. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
Delineation of groundwater potential zone and site suitability of rainwater harvesting structures using remote sensing and in situ geophysical measurements
(wiley, 2021) Prachi Singh; Akash Anand; Prashant K. Srivastava; Arjun Singh; Prem Chandra Pandey
The present situation of groundwater tables is falling at a rapid rate, because regular withdrawal of groundwater is high compared to the recharge rate. This study focuses on the delineation of a groundwater potential zone in Lalganj Ajhara block, District Pratapgarh, Uttar Pradesh, using in situ vertical electric survey data, remote sensing (RS), and geographic information system (GIS). Present research covers the spatial analysis of different thematic layers generated through satellite images and field data for the identification of suitable sites for rainwater harvesting structures within the study area. A Schlumberger array is generated through the geotechnical field survey and soil depth analysis is done for three cross-section profiles which are generated through the sample locations. Sentinel-2A data along with the digital elevation model (DEM) are used to prepare different thematic layers, and density analysis is done using GIS tools. The groundwater potential is estimated using multi-criteria overlay analysis and using in situ measurements. The site suitability analysis is done by estimating probable location of check dams, desilting points, dug well, and recharge pit within the study area. © 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. All rights reserved.
Effect of the Organic Functionality on the Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Silver Nanoparticles
(World Scientific Publishing Co., 2025) Prem Chandra Pandey; Atul Kumar Tiwari; Munesh Kumar Gupta; Govind Pandey; Roger Jagdish Narayan
In this paper, the effects of the organic reducing agent and 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane on the synthesis and properties of mono-, bi-, and trimetallic noble metal nanoparticles were considered; the antimicrobial activity of these nanomaterials was also evaluated. It was shown that 3-aminoptopyltrimethoxysilane- treated noble metal cations undergo rapid conversion into nanoparticles in the presence of three organic reducing agents, namely, 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (3-GPTMS), cyclohexanone and formaldehyde; the nanoparticles were formed on the order of one minute under microwave incubation. Bimetallic nanoparticles were formed by simultaneous or sequential reduction of metal cations; the formation of trimetallic nanoparticles containing gold, silver and palladium was demonstrated using a similar approach. The nanoparticles were characterized using UV-Visible light spectrophotometry, transmission electron microscopy and zeta potential measurements. All three nanoparticles exhibited a size ≤ 10nm size. The nanoparticles showed antimicrobial activity against Acinetobacter baumannii. Scanning electron microscopy imaging showed an alteration in the size and shape of nanoparticle-treated bacterium, with bleb formation and cell wall disruption observed within 1 h of incubation at the MBC values of the nanoparticles. Fluorescence spectrophotometric imaging of silver nanoparticle-Acinetobacter baumannii interactions suggested selective binding of silver nanoparticles to surface proteins. Our results showed the preparation of the novel silver nanoparticles with potent Anti- Acinetobacter baumannii activity, which can serve as an alternative to conventional antimicrobial agents. © 2025 by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. All rights reserved.
Forest biomass estimation using remote sensing and field inventory: a case study of Tripura, India
(Springer International Publishing, 2019) Prem Chandra Pandey; Prashant K. Srivastava; Tilok Chetri; Bal Krishan Choudhary; Pavan Kumar
Forests are the potential source for managing carbon sequestration, regulating climate variations and balancing universal carbon equilibrium between sources and sinks. Further, assessment of biomass, carbon stock, and its spatial distribution is prerequisite for monitoring the health of forest ecosystem. Moreover, vegetation field inventories are valuable source of data for estimating aboveground biomass (AGB), density, and the carbon stored in biomass of forest vegetation. In view of the importance of biomass, the present study makes an attempt to estimate temporal AGB of Tripura State, India, using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), leaf area index (LAI) and the field inventory data through geospatial techniques. A model was developed for establishing the relationship between biomass, LAI, and NDVI in the selected study site. The study also aimed to improve method for quantifying and verifying inventory-based biomass stock estimation. The results demonstrate the correlation value obtained between LAI and NDVI were 0.87 and 0.53 for the years 2011 and 2014, respectively. The correlation value between estimated AGB with LAI were found as 0.66 and 0.69, while with NDVI, the values were obtained as 0.64 and 0.94 for the years 2011 and 2014, respectively. The regression model of measured biomass with MODIS NDVI and LAI was developed for the data obtained during the period 2011–2014. The developed model was used to estimate the spatial distribution of biomass and its relationship between LAI and NDVI. The R2 values obtained were 0.832 for estimated and the measured AGB during the training and 0.826 for the validation. The results indicate that the methodology adopted in this study can help in selecting best fit model for analyzing relationship between AGB and NDVI/LAI and for estimating biomass using allometric equation at various spatial scales. The developed output thematic map showed an average biomass distribution of 32–94 Mg ha−1. The highest biomass values (72–95 Mg ha −1) was confined to the dense region of the forest while the lowest biomass values (32–46 Mg ha−1) was identified in the outer regions of the study site. © 2019, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
Future perspectives and challenges in hyperspectral remote sensing
(Elsevier, 2020) Prem Chandra Pandey; Heiko Balzter; Prashant K. Srivastava; George P. Petropoulos; Bimal Bhattacharya
Remote sensing (RS) technology has rapidly advanced in terms of radiometric, spatial, and spectral resolution. This trend has led to increasing complexity of data types ranging from low to high spatial and spectral resolutions and data dimensionality. In the chapters of this book, the state of the art has been presented, outlining the advantages of hyperspectral imaging (HSI) systems over multispectral data, and key future challenges and research directions with HSI have been illustrated. This chapter provides a perspective on the evolution of hyperspectral RS methods and applications along with challenges and barriers faced during research and innovation activities. The promise of upcoming missions with higher spatial and spectral resolution sensors in orbit in the near future will increase the utility of hyperspectral data in several research domains and will likely increase the number of users of HSI for soils, forestry, agriculture, urban, and cryosphere research. This chapter is intended as a resource to be aware of challenges and the future potential of hyperspectral RS to current and prospective users of high spectral resolution data to extract meaningful information for their research and applications. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved.
Geospatial technology for water resource applications
(CRC Press, 2016) Prashant K. Srivastava; Prem Chandra Pandey; Pavan Kumar; Akhilesh Singh Raghubanshi; Dawei Han
This book advances the scientific understanding, development, and applicationof geospatial technologies related to water resource management. It presents recent developments and applications specifically by utilizing new earth observation datasets such as TRMM/GPM, AMSR E/2, SMOS, SMAP and GCOM in combination with GIS, artificial intelligence, and hybrid techniques. By linking geospatial techniques with new satellite missions for earth and environmental science, the book promotes the synergistic and multidisciplinary activities of scientists and users working in the field of hydrological sciences. © 2017 by Taylor & Francis Group.
Hyperspectral remote sensing in precision agriculture: Present status, challenges, and future trends
(Elsevier, 2020) Prachi Singh; Prem Chandra Pandey; George P. Petropoulos; Andrew Pavlides; Prashant K. Srivastava; Nikos Koutsias; Khidir Abdala Kwal Deng; Yangson Bao
The rapid development of remote sensing has made it possible to study environmental processes and changes in agriculture and also to provide important assistance in relevant practices, even operationally. This chapter describes the latest developments in remote sensing for precision agriculture with particular emphasis placed on the use of hyperspectral sensors. This chapter provides practical information regarding the identification of research challenges, limitations, and advantages of different platforms and sensors for precision agriculture. Hyperspectral remote sensing (HRS) is more effective as compared to multispectral remote sensing because it records radiation in narrow contiguous spectral channels reflected from any feature or target. More accurate spectral information retrieved using HRS can be combined with other techniques to retrieve useful information for precision agriculture. The chapter includes information about HRS sensors and also includes a discussion on the advancement and challenges of spaceborne satellites faced during agriculture monitoring. It concludes with summarizing the hurdles faced during agriculture research using hyperspectral data discussing possible pathways in which relevant research should be directed. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved.
Hyperspectral Remote Sensing: Theory and Applications: A volume in Earth Observation
(Elsevier, 2020) Prem Chandra Pandey; Heiko Balzter; Prashant K. Srivastava; George P. Petropoulos; Bimal Bhattacharya
Hyperspectral Remote Sensing: Theory and Applications offers the latest information on the techniques, advances and wide-ranging applications of hyperspectral remote sensing, such as forestry, agriculture, water resources, soil and geology, among others. The book also presents hyperspectral data integration with other sources, such as LiDAR, Multi-spectral data, and other remote sensing techniques. Researchers who use this resource will be able to understand and implement the technology and data in their respective fields. As such, it is a valuable reference for researchers and data analysts in remote sensing and Earth Observation fields and those in ecology, agriculture, hydrology and geology. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved.
Introduction to Aquatic Ecosystems - Editorial Message
(CRC Press, 2024) Prem Chandra Pandey; Prashant K. Srivastava; Sanjeev Kumar Srivastava
This editorial chapter provides a comprehensive view of the edited book Aquatic Ecosystems Monitoring: Conventional Assessment to Advanced Remote Sensing. In today’s dynamic world, understanding and preserving aquatic ecosystems have become more critical than ever. The health of these ecosystems directly impacts the well-being of both the environment and human societies. Therefore, it is imperative to employ effective monitoring techniques to assess the status of aquatic environments accurately. This comprehensive volume delves into the spectrum of aquatic ecosystems, and their monitoring techniques, ranging from traditional methodologies to the latest advancements in technology. Through the collaborative efforts of early career researchers to esteemed authors/experts in the field, this collection offers a profound exploration of the diverse methods used for assessing and understanding aquatic ecosystems. From the serene depths of freshwater lakes to the expansive realms of the coastal zones, aquatic environments harbor an incredible array of life forms and ecological processes. However, these fragile and delicate ecosystems face myriad threats, including pollution, habitat destruction, climate change, and invasive species. Effective monitoring serves as a cornerstone in our efforts to safeguard these invaluable resources for future generations. This chapter provides a depth of insight into different aspects of monitoring aquatic ecosystems and the methods incorporated accordingly to utilize resources in a sustainable way. © 2025 selection and editorial matter, Prem Chandra Pandey, Prashant K. Srivastava, Sanjeev Kumar Srivastava; individual chapters, the contributors.
Introduction to geospatial technology for water resources
(CRC Press, 2016) Prem Chandra Pandey; Prashant K. Srivastava; Pavan Kumar; Akhilesh Singh Raghubanshi; Dawei Han
Increasing demands on water resources to ful ll the growing population needs have led to a great pressure on the water resources. Water resources conservation and management needs exemplary information regarding the water bodies with respect to quality, quantity and the related driving factors responsible for deterioration and depletion of water. Traditional methods existing in literature are limited to the point locations and manually gathered input dataset for analysis of the water system. However, after the development of advance geospatial technologies, now it is possible to build the digital information that can support analysis and interpretation for a large area in short span of time. e chapter introduces the various geospatial technologies, which are playing a vital and inevitable role in the acquisition of information and development of research capabilities towards water resources. ese technologies are required for determining a strategic plan for execution of desired results as applicable to di erent regions and objectives (for e.g. determination of water-river boundaries, water quality and quantity, soil moisture, ood plains, ocean temperature etc). is chapter provides di erent methods/applications to demonstrate the importance of traditional and advanced concepts of geospatial technology in water resources. us, overall goalof this chapter is to provide a summary of di erent research work carried out in various elds of water resources with demonstrated results and ndings that could be able to use in decisionmaking, developing policy and planning at root level. is chapter also provides future challenges in water resources andgeospatial technology. © 2017 by Taylor & Francis Group.
Land use/land cover in view of earth observation: data sources, input dimensions, and classifiers—a review of the state of the art
(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2021) Prem Chandra Pandey; Nikos Koutsias; George P. Petropoulos; Prashant K. Srivastava; Eyal Ben Dor
Land use/land cover (LULC) is a fundamental concept of the Earth's system intimately connected to many phases of the human and physical environment. Earth observation (EO) technology provides an informative source of data covering the entire globe in a spatial and spectral resolution appropriate to better and easier classify land cover than traditional or conventional methods. The use of high spatial and spectral resolution imagery from EO sensors has increased remarkably over the past decades, as more and more platforms are placed in orbit and new applications emerge in different disciplines. The aim of the present review work is to provide all-inclusive critical reflection on the state of the art in the use of EO technology in LULC mapping and change detection. The emphasis is placed on providing an overview of the different EO datasets, spatial-spectral-temporal characteristics of satellite data and classification approaches employed in land cover classification. The review concludes providing recommendations and remarks on what should be done in order to overcome hurdle faced using above-mentioned problems in LULC mapping. This also provides information on using classifier algorithms depending upon the data types and dependent on the regional ecosystems. One of the main messages of our review is that in future, there will be a need to assemble techniques specifically used in LULC with their merit and demerits that will enable more comprehensive understanding at regional or global scale and improve understanding between different land cover relationship and variability among them and these remains to be seen. © 2019 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
Making vancomycin a potent broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent using polyaziridine-stabilized gold nanoparticles as a delivery vehicle
(SAGE Publications Ltd, 2025) Atul Kumar Tiwari; Aishwarya Nikhil; Avinash Kumar Chaurasia; Prem Chandra Pandey; Roger Jagdish Narayan; Munesh Kumar Gupta
The rise of antimicrobial drug resistance among microorganisms presents a global challenge to clinicians. Therefore, it is essential to investigate drug delivery systems to combat resistant bacteria and fungi. This study examined the potential and mode of action of vancomycin-conjugated gold nanoparticles (PEI-AuNP@Van) to enhance vancomycin’s biocidal activity against C. tropicalis, C. albicans, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa. Drug conjugation and nanoparticle characterization were assessed using UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, TEM, ATR-FTIR, and fluorescence spectroscopy. Effective vancomycin conjugation on polyethyleneimine-stabilized gold nanoparticles was achieved via electrostatic interactions or hydrogen bonding between the COO-/OH groups of vancomycin and the NH- groups of polyethyleneimine, yielding nanoparticles with a narrow size distribution and high zeta potential. The high luminescence of the nanoparticles facilitated their detection in microbial cells. PEI-AuNP@Van was internalized in C. albicans and C. tropicalis but showed surface adsorption in E. coli and P. aeruginosa. The in vitro results indicated that the nanodelivery system exhibited superior biocidal activity against the tested strains compared to free vancomycin and unconjugated AuNPs. The mode of action of PEI-AuNP@Van was cell-type-dependent, involving intracellular reactive oxygen species accumulation, cell membrane integrity loss, and apoptosis. The development of antimicrobial nanoformulations using AuNPs and efficient conjugation systems offers a promising approach to address antimicrobial drug resistance. © The Author(s) 2025.
Modeling of Electric Demand for Sustainable Energy and Management in India Using Spatio-Temporal DMSP-OLS Night-Time Data
(Springer New York LLC, 2018) Bismay Ranjan Tripathy; Haroon Sajjad; Christopher D. Elvidge; Yu Ting; Prem Chandra Pandey; Meenu Rani; Pavan Kumar
Changes in the pattern of electric power consumption in India have influenced energy utilization processes and socio-economic development to greater extent during the last few decades. Assessment of spatial distribution of electricity consumption is, thus, essential for projecting availability of energy resource and planning its infrastructure. This paper makes an attempt to model the future electricity demand for sustainable energy and its management in India. The nighttime light database provides a good approximation of availability of energy. We utilized defense meteorological satellite program-operational line-scan system (DMSP-OLS) nighttime satellite data, electricity consumption (1993–2013), gross domestic product (GDP) and population growth to construct the model. We also attempted to examine the sensitiveness of electricity consumption to GDP and population growth. The results revealed that the calibrated DMSP and model has provided realistic information on the electric demand with respect to GDP and population, with a better accuracy of r2 = 0.91. The electric demand was found to be more sensitive to GDP (r = 0.96) than population growth (r = 0.76) as envisaged through correlation analysis. Hence, the model proved to be useful tool in predicting electric demand for its sustainable use and management. © 2017, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
Multi-temporal NDVI and surface temperature analysis for Urban Heat Island inbuilt surrounding of sub-humid region: A case study of two geographical regions
(Elsevier B.V., 2018) Meenu Rani; Pavan Kumar; Prem Chandra Pandey; Prashant K. Srivastava; B.S. Chaudhary; Vandana Tomar; Vinay Prasad Mandal
Rapid growing urban population has resulted in the occupancy of large proportionate of the city and its outskirts, thereby contributing factors to change in the environmental conditions. This has resulted in widespread land acquisition for built up and industrial development, covering the centre of the city while moving at the outskirts of the city as well. Land Use /Land Cover (LULC) changes causes alterations in the land use categories, mostly the concrete forests which has increased the urban temperature as compared to the rural regions due to rapidly growing urbanized environment. Urban Heat Island (UHI) is one of the human-induced environmental phenomenon affecting the urban inhabitant in many ways, such as altering and disturbing the land cover its use which changes thermal energy flow causing elevated surface and air temperature. Temporal satellite datasets (LANDSAT ETM+ image of 1989, 2000 and 2006) can be used to monitor surface temperature while vegetation indices can be used to assess the coverage of the vegetation and non-vegetation area in the region. Temporal NDVI is employed in the study area to analyse the impact of land surface temperature against NDVI in the region. Therefore, temporal remotely sensed data can be used to map LULC and its dynamic changes and other environmental phenomena such as surface temperature over a period of time. Temporal UHI has been estimated using geospatial technology to incorporate it for environmental impact assessment on the surrounding environment. The present research focuses on temporal NDVI and Surface temperature, the methodology used altogether for the assessment of resolution dynamic UHI change on environmental condition for Haridwar district, Uttrakhand India and Kanpur district, Uttar Pradesh in India. Both case study has different environmental conditions, geographical locations and demography. Hilly and forested region with almost no industrial activities for Haridwar while several industrial activities and densely populated region Kanpur located in an Indo-Gangetic plain. The research outcome demonstrates the correlation between temporal NDVI and Surface temperature exemplified with case study conducted over two different regions, geographically as well as economically. There is a need to consider the environmental dimension while making progress to urbanization. © 2018 Elsevier B.V.
Nano–Bio Interaction and Antibacterial Mechanism of Engineered Metal Nanoparticles: Fundamentals and Current Understanding: Nano–bio interaction and antibacterial mechanism…: A. K. Tiwari et al.
(Springer, 2025) Atul Kumar Tiwari; Prem Chandra Pandey; Munesh Kumar Gupta; Roger Jagdish Narayan
The rapid development of multidrug resistance in a wide range of microorganisms poses a significant clinical challenge for healthcare professionals treating infectious diseases. Over the last decade, research has focused on the preparation of metal-based nanomaterials with antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal activities to combat communicable diseases. Several metal nanomaterials, such as gold, copper, silver, palladium, and metal oxides, such as titanium, zinc, and iron, have demonstrated encouraging antimicrobial properties against multidrug-resistant microorganisms. The nano–bio interaction of metal nanoparticles are particularly influenced by their physicochemical properties, including shape, size, surface charge, ligand capping, doping, pH stability, roughness, and crystal structure. Once interacting, nanoparticles exert their biocidal effects through various pathways, such as enhanced intracellular reactive oxygen species, cell membrane damage, membrane potential depolarization, DNA damage, biofilm destabilization followed by interactions with biofilm components. However, a clear understanding of the connection between the specific physicochemical properties and antimicrobial mechanisms of metal nanoparticles is lacking. Thus this comprehensive review article discusses different fundamental aspects of nano–bio interactions of metal nanoparticles with planktonic as well as biofilm form of bacteria, the associated antimicrobial mechanisms along with recent advancements and therapeutic challenges. Graphical abstract: (Figure presented.) © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.
Need for pan-India compatibility of geospatial databases in terms of map projections and parameters
(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2023) Mallikarjun Mishra; K.N. Prudhvi Raju; Prem Chandra Pandey
The present study is taken up to record variations in the extent of area of two polygons—(i) a ground measured area of a university campus, (ii) enclosing the Ganga basin—and to examine the changes in both shape and area of another (iii) polygon covering India under different map projections with various parameters. The exercise brought forth interesting results. Depending on final ranks worked out based on minimum differences in extent of areas and shape distortion in the case of India, it is suggested to adopt either (i) Lambert Conformal Conical (LCC) projection with Everest India-Nepal datum, First Standard Parallel (FSP) 24.50, Second Standard Parallel (SSP) 28.50, Latitude of Origin (LO) 16.253259, Central Meridian (CM) 80.8749 or (ii) LCC projection with WGS 84 datum, FSP 24.50, SSP 28.50, LO 16.253259, CM 80.8749 or (iii) Polyconic with Everest India-Nepal datum, CM 84.50, LO 13.00, for mapping both smaller areas on larger scales and larger areas on smaller scales. © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.