Browsing by Author "Prem Pratap Singh"

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Antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of phytochemicals
(Elsevier, 2020) Bhanu Prakash; Akshay Kumar; Prem Pratap Singh; L.S. Songachan
With increase in green consumerism these days, the demand for plant-based antimicrobial and antioxidant agents by health-conscious consumers is increasing day by day as a preferred alternative to synthetic preservatives. Plants are the richest source of a wide variety of phytochemicals such as polyphenols, carotenoids, alkaloids, sulfur-containing groups, terpenes, and terpenoids that possess enormous antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. In spite of enormous potential, only a handful of plant-based bioactive compounds or formulations are commercially available as preservative agents. The major obstacles that limit the commercial uses of plant-based bioactive compounds are insufficient availability of raw materials, toxicity, low stability, high production cost, unknown mode of action, and lack of effective regulatory system. This chapter provides a brief overview of historical accounts of traditionally used plant products that possess antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. In addition, the current existing limitations and the potential role of recent advancement in science and technology to overcome the existing limitations with improved efficacy and worldwide applicability have been discussed. © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Antioxidant efficacy and curcumin content of turmeric (Curcuma-longa L.) flower
(Publishers, 2016) Ajay Kumar; Monika Singh; Prem Pratap Singh; Sandeep Kumar Singh; Pratima Raj; Kapil D. Pandey
Objective: The objective of the work is to evaluate the curcumin content, antioxidant activity and total phenol content of Curcuma longa flower. Methods: Curcumin content were analyzed through HPLC-PDA analysis. The antioxidant activity of the flower was determined by free radical scavenging activity of DPPH, and the total phenol content was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent through standard protocols.Results: The flowers had found about (3.87±0.5μg/g) of curcumin during HPLC-PDA analysis. The antioxidant activity (DPPH free radicals scavenging activity IC50) of the turmeric flower (3.2 μg/ml) was found near to the standard ascorbic acid (2.6 μg/ml). In addition to these, a significant amount of phenolics (210.45±1.32 mg GAE/100 g) was present in the turmeric flowers. Conclusion: The flowers of curcuma longa contains a significant amount of curcumin, antioxidant activity and phenol contents. © 2016 The Authors.
Assessing the antifungal and aflatoxin B1 inhibitory efficacy of nanoencapsulated antifungal formulation based on combination of Ocimum spp. essential oils
(Elsevier B.V., 2020) Akshay Kumar; Prem Pratap Singh; Vishal Gupta; Bhanu Prakash
The aim of the study was to explore the antifungal and aflatoxin B1 inhibitory efficacy of nanoencapsulated antifungal formulation. Mixture design response surface methodology (RSM) was utilized to design the antifungal formulation (SBC 4:1:1) based on the combination of chemically characterized Ocimum sanctum (S), O. basilicum (B), and O. canum (C) against Aspergillus flavus. The SBC was incorporated inside the chitosan nanomatrix (Ne-SBC) using an ultrasonic probe (40 kHz) and interactions were confirmed by SEM, FTIR and XRD analysis. The results showed that the Ne-SBC possessed enhanced antifungal and aflatoxin B1 inhibitory effect over the free form of SBC. The biochemical and in silico results indicate that the antifungal and aflatoxin B1 inhibitory effect was related to perturbance in the plasma membrane function (ergosterol biosynthesis and membrane cation) mitochondrial membrane potential, C-sources utilization, antioxidant defense system, and the targeted gene products Erg 28, cytochrome c oxidase subunit Va, and Nor-1. In-situ observation revealed that Ne-SBC effectively protects the Avena sativa seeds from A. flavus and AFB1 contamination and preserves its sensory profile. The findings suggest that the fabrication of SBC inside the chitosan nano-matrix has promising use in the food industries as an antifungal agent. © 2020
Assessing the efficacy of chitosan nanomatrix incorporated with Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf essential oil against the food-borne molds and aflatoxin B1 production in food system
(Academic Press Inc., 2022) Akshay Kumar; Prem Pratap Singh; Bhanu Prakash
The chitosan nanomatrix incorporated with Cymbopogon citratus essential oil (Ne-CcEO) possess enhanced efficacy against the food-borne molds and aflatoxin B1 production compared to free essential oil. The CcEO was encapsulated inside the chitosan nanomatrix with an average size 147.41 ± 16.18 nm and characterized by Scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction assay. The encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity were ranged between (41.68–76.78%) and (5.3–8.80%). The biochemical and in-silico analysis results revealed the interference in functioning of membrane integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential, antioxidant defense, carbon source metabolism, methylglyoxal, and laeA gene in response to treatment of Ne-CcEO (0.5 μl/ml). In addition, Ne-CcEO significantly protects the deterioration of Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br. seed samples by A. flavus, aflatoxin B1 contamination, and lipid peroxidation. The Ne-CcEO could be considered as promising antifungal additives for the control of food-borne molds and aflatoxin B1 contamination in the food system. © 2021 Elsevier Inc.
Assessing the preservative efficacy of nanoencapsulated mace essential oil against food borne molds, aflatoxin B1 contamination, and free radical generation
(Academic Press, 2019) Amrita Yadav; Anupam Kujur; Akshay Kumar; Prem Pratap Singh; Bhanu Prakash; N.K. Dubey
The present study investigates the efficacy of the nanoencapsulated mace essential oil (Ne-MEO) against the toxigenic strain of A. flavus (CP-05), aflatoxin B1 production, free radical generation and speculated in-vitro mechanism of action. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) results revealed myristicin (39.43%) as the major compound of Mace essential oil (MEO) followed by methyleugenol (8.15%) and safrole (6.26%). The nanoencapsulation of MEO was prepared using chitosan-cinnamic acid nanogel and characterized by SEM, FTIR, XRD and UV- vis spectroscopy. Ne-MEO cause complete inhibition of the AFB1 production at 1.25 μl/ml which was lower than the free MEO (1.50 μL/mL). Ne-MEO showed promising free radical scavenging activity through DPPH with IC50 2.1 μl/ml. Further, a significant decrease in ergosterol contents, leakage of cellular ions Ca2+, K+ and Mg2+, impairment in the assimilation of various C- sources and functioning of ver-1 gene in A. flavus exposed to Ne-MEO has been observed over the control. Ne-MEO exhibited strong antifungal, antiaflatoxigenic and antioxidant activity over the freeMEO, hence chitosan could be used as a carrier agent of plant-based antifungal agent. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd
Assessment of Trachyspermum ammi essential oil against Aspergillus flavus, aflatoxin B1 contamination, and post-harvest quality of Sorghum bicolor
(Elsevier Ltd, 2024) Prem Pratap Singh; Atul Kumar Jaiswal; Ritu Singh; Akshay Kumar; Vishal Gupta; Tanya Singh Raghuvanshi; Angad Sharma; Bhanu Prakash
The present investigation explored the antifungal effectiveness of Trachyspermum ammi essential oil (TAEO) against Aspergillus flavus, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) contamination, and its mechanism of action using biochemical and computational approaches. The GC–MS result revealed the chemical diversity of TAEO with the highest percentage of γ-terpinene (39 %). The TAEO exhibited minimum inhibitory concentration against A. flavus growth (0.5 µL/mL) and AFB1 (0.4 µL/mL) with radical scavenging activity (IC50 = 2.13 µL/mL). The mechanism of action of TAEO was associated with the alteration in plasma membrane functioning, antioxidative defense, and carbon source catabolism. The molecular dynamic result shows the multi-regime binding of γ-terpinene with the target proteins (Nor1, Omt1, and Vbs) of AFB1 biosynthesis. Furthermore, TAEO exhibited remarkable in-situ protection of Sorghum bicolor seed samples against A. flavus and AFB1 contamination and protected the nutritional deterioration. Hence, the study recommends TAEO as a natural antifungal agent for food protection against A. flavus mediated biodeterioration. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd
Biosurfactant producing microbes for clean-up of soil contaminants
(Elsevier, 2020) Sandeep Kumar Singh; Manoj Kumar Singh; Hariom Verma; Prem Pratap Singh; Anand Vikram Singh; Kumari Rashmi; Ajay Kumar
Microbial synthesized biosurfactants currently utilized in remediation of various organic pollutants including hydrocarbons, petroleum products, and oil spills and appear as latest and advanced approach in bioremediation. Biosurfactant is an amphipathic molecules constituted of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups, and their application reduced the surface or interfacial tensions of the immiscible fluids, which enhanced solubility and sorption potential of hydrophobic organic and inorganic compounds. Initially, chemically synthesized surfactants have been used for the remediation of hydrophobic contaminants but cost-effectiveness, toxic, and harmful residues limit their frequent use. In this regard, microbial synthesized biosurfactant emerges as a chief, eco-friendly, and best suitable alternative and frequently utilized in the environmental contamination management. In this chapter, we had summarized microbial source, limiting factors during biosurfactant production, and also discussed action mechanism against various environmental contamination. © 2021 Elsevier Inc.
Biotechnological aspects of plants metabolites in the treatment of ulcer: A new prospective
(Elsevier B.V., 2018) Amit Kishore Singh; Sandeep Kumar Singh; Prem Pratap Singh; Akhileshwar Kumar Srivastava; Kapil D. Pandey; Ajay Kumar; Himansu Yadav
Ulcer is one of the most common diseases affecting throughout the world population. The allopathic treatment of ulcer adversely affects the health by causing harmful side effects. Currently, many herbal plants and secondary metabolites have been used for the ulcer treatment. In the present review, many herbal plants and their parts (root, rhizome, bark, leaves and fruits) have been listed in the table are currently being used for ulcer treatment. These metabolites are responsible for ulcer-neutralization or anti-inflammatory properties. In silico study, plant metabolites showed interaction between protodioscin (secondary metabolites of Asparagus racemosus) and interferon-γ (virulent factor of gastric ulcer) during molecular docking. All the residues of interferon-γ exhibited hydrophobic interactions with plant metabolites. These interactions helps in understanding the plant secondary metabolites vis a vis will open a new door in the research field of new drug discovery and designing for the ulcer treatment. © 2018
Distribution of cyanobacteria and their interactions with pesticides in paddy field: A comprehensive review
(Academic Press, 2018) Amit Kishore Singh; Prem Pratap Singh; Vijay Tripathi; Hariom Verma; Sandeep Kumar Singh; Akhileshwar Kumar Srivastava; Ajay Kumar
Cyanobacteria, also known as blue green algae are one of the important ubiquitous oxygen evolving photosynthetic prokaryotes and ultimate source of nitrogen for paddy fields since decades. In past two decades, indiscriminated use of pesticides led to biomagnification that intensively harm the structure and soil functions of soil microbes including cyanobacteria. Cyanobacterial abundance biomass, short generation, water holding capacity, mineralizing capacity and more importantly nitrogen fixing have enormous potential to abate the negative effects of pesticides. Therefore, investigation of the ecotoxicological effects of pesticides on the structure and function of the tropical paddy field associated cyanobacteria is urgent and need to estimate the fate of interaction of pesticides over nitrogen fixations and other attributes. In this regard, comprehensive survey over cyanobacterial distribution patterns and their interaction with pesticides in Indian context has been deeply reviewed. In addition, the present paper also deals the molecular docking pattern of pesticides with the nitrogen fixing proteins, which helps in revealing the functional interpretation over nitrogen fixation process. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd
Elucidation of antifungal toxicity of Callistemon lanceolatus essential oil encapsulated in chitosan nanogel against Aspergillus flavus using biochemical and in-silico approaches
(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2020) Prem Pratap Singh; Akshay Kumar; Bhanu Prakash
The antifungal and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) inhibitory effect of chemically characterised Callistemon lanceolatus essential oil (CLEO), chitosan nanoparticles, and CLEO loaded chitosan nanoparticles (CLEO-ChNPs) were investigated. Scanning electron microscope observation exhibited the spherical shape of prepared CLEO-ChNPs with an average range of 20–70 nm. An in-vitro release study revealed the controlled volatilisation of CLEO from CLEO-ChNPs. The CLEO-ChNPs caused complete inhibition of growth (4.5 µl/ml) and AFB1 (4.0 µl/ml) production by A. flavus at a low dose compared to free CLEO (5.0 µl/ml). The antifungal and AFB1 inhibitory toxicity of CLEO-ChNPs were elucidated using biochemical (effect on ergosterol biosynthesis, membrane cations, mitochondrial membrane potential, C-sources utilisation and cellular methylglyoxal level) and in-silico (interaction with the gene product Erg 28, Cytochrome c oxidase subunit Va, Omt-A, Ver-1, and Nor-1) approaches. © 2020, © 2020 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Encapsulation of Bunium persicum essential oil using chitosan nanopolymer: Preparation, characterization, antifungal assessment, and thermal stability
(Elsevier B.V., 2020) Amrita Yadav; Anupam Kujur; Akshay Kumar; Prem Pratap Singh; Vishal Gupta; Bhanu Prakash
The present study reports the antifungal, aflatoxin B1 inhibitory, and free radical scavenging activity of chitosan-based nanoencapsulated Bunium persicum Boiss. essential oil (Ne-BPEO). The chemical profile of BPEO was identified through Gas chromatography mass spectrometry analysis where cuminaldehyde (21.23%), sabinene (14.66%), and γ-terpinen (12.49%) were identified as the major compounds. Ne-BPEO was prepared using chitosan and characterised by Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Atomic force microscope (AFM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) assay. Ne-BPEO completely inhibited the growth and aflatoxin B1 production at a concentration of 0.3 μL/mL. The antifungal and aflatoxin B1 inhibitory effects were related to decreasing in ergosterol content, leakage of membrane ions (Ca2+, K+, and Mg2+), impairment in carbohydrate catabolism, and functioning of ver-1 gene of A. flavus exposed to Ne-BPEO over the control. In addition, Ne-BPEO exhibited promising free radical scavenging activity through DPPH assay (IC50 12.64 μL/mL) with high thermo-stability. Therefore, chitosan could be used as a carrier agent of plant-based preservative to enhance the shelf-life of food products against A. flavus and aflatoxin B1 contamination. © 2019 Elsevier B.V.
Essential oils as green promising alternatives to chemical preservatives for agri-food products: New insight into molecular mechanism, toxicity assessment, and safety profile
(Elsevier Ltd, 2024) Bhanu Prakash; Prem Pratap Singh; Vishal Gupta; Tanya Singh Raghuvanshi
Microbial food spoilage caused by food-borne bacteria, molds, and associated toxic chemicals significantly alters the nutritional quality of food products and makes them unpalatable to the consumer. In view of potential adverse effects (resistance development, residual toxicity, and negative effects on consumer health) of some of the currently used preservative agents and consumer preferences towards safe, minimally processed, and chemical-free products, food industries are looking for natural alternatives to the chemical preservatives. In this context, essential oils (EOs) showed broad-range antimicrobial effectiveness, low toxicity, and diverse mechanisms of action, and could be considered promising natural plant-based antimicrobials. The existing technical barriers related to the screening of plants, extraction methods, characterization, dose optimization, and unpredicted mechanism of toxicity in the food system, could be overcome using recent scientific and technological advancements, especially bioinformatics, nanotechnology, and mathematical approaches. The review focused on the potential antimicrobial efficacy of EOs against food-borne microbes and the role of recent scientific technology and social networking platform in addressing the major obstacles with EOs-based antimicrobial agents. In addition, a detailed mechanistic understanding of the antimicrobial efficacy of EOs, safety profile, and risk assessment using bioinformatics approaches are summarized to explore their potential application as food preservatives. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd
Essential Oils: From Traditional to Modern-Day Applications with Special Reference to Medicinal and Aromatic Plants in India
(Springer Nature, 2023) Tanya Singh Raghuvanshi; Prem Pratap Singh; Niraj Kohar; Bhanu Prakash
Essential oils (EOs) are complex mixtures of volatile secondary metabolites extracted from different parts of aromatic plants such as leaves, flowers, fruits, and seeds. They are also referred to as aromatic oils. In general, EOs are cocktail of different low-molecular-weight compounds, such as flavonoids, terpenoids, terpenes, and phenylpropanoids. They represent a diverse class of stereochemistry that results in a range of medicinal properties, viz., antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral effects. Additionally, Eos are biodegradable and hardly affect non-targeted species, which can be beneficial in delaying the development of resistance. EOs have been used for a long time in various areas such as food, medicine, cosmetics, and aromatherapy. However, due to certain limitations associated with them such as high volatility, intense aroma, and chemotypic variation, etc., they were replaced by chemical alternatives that were more efficient and better in terms of bioactivity. However, in view of green consumerism and the increased negative concerns (non-biodegradability and the adverse effects of their by-products on the environment and human health) associated with the indiscriminate use of synthetic chemicals, industries are looking toward green chemicals as a preferred alternative to synthetic ones. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.
Fabrication of volatile compounds loaded-chitosan biopolymer nanoparticles: Optimization, characterization and assessment against Aspergillus flavus and aflatoxin B1 contamination
(Elsevier B.V., 2020) Akshay Kumar; Vishal Gupta; Prem Pratap Singh; Anupam Kujur; Bhanu Prakash
The study demonstrates the use of chitosan as a carrier agent of designed antifungal formulation (CME 4:1:1) based on a combination of plant compounds such as trans- cinnamaldehyde (C), methyl eugenol (M), and estragole (E). The formulation was encapsulated inside the chitosan biopolymer nanomatrix (Ne-CME) and characterized by SEM, FTIR, and XRD. The Ne-CME exhibited enhanced antifungal and aflatoxin B1 inhibitory effect compared to the individual compounds and unencapsulated form. Ne-CME (0.04 μl/ml) caused significant protection of Piper longum fruit from fungal (90.05%) and aflatoxin B1 (100%) contamination and had no significant negative effects on its nutritional properties. In addition, the probable antifungal mechanism of Ne-CME was investigated using in-silico (effect on Omt-1 and Vbs structural genes of AFB1 biosynthesis) and biochemical (perturbances in the cell membrane, carbohydrate catabolism, methyl-glyoxal, mitochondrial membrane potential, and antioxidant defense system) assay. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.
Fabrication, Characterization, and Antifungal Assessment of Jasmine Essential Oil-Loaded Chitosan Nanomatrix Against Aspergillus flavus in Food System
(Springer, 2021) Anupam Kujur; Akshay Kumar; Prem Pratap Singh; Bhanu Prakash
The present study investigated the antifungal and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) inhibitory efficacy of Jasmine essential oil-loaded in the chitosan nanoparticle (JEO-NP) with probable antifungal and anti-aflatoxin B1 mode of action against Aspergillus flavus. The prepared JEO-NP was characterized through FTIR and XRD. The maximum percent encapsulation efficiency (75.51% w/w) and loading capacity (5.65% w/w) were found at the 1:1 ratio of chitosan: JEO. The results of thermogravimetric analysis exhibited an increase in thermal stability of JEO-NP compared to the free JEO. The antifungal and AFB1 inhibitory concentration of JEO-NP was found to be 2.5 μL/mL against A. flavus, which was lower than free form JEO (3.0 μL/mL). Biochemical and in silico approaches revealed the antifungal mechanisms of action of JEO-NP were related to the inhibition in ergosterol biosynthesis, leakage of vital ions (Ca+2, Mg+2, and K+), impairment in carbon substrate utilization, and functioning of the AFB1 regulatory genes (ver-1 and omt A (in silico)) of A. flavus. JEO-NP exhibited free radical scavenging activity through DPPH assay (IC50 1.31 μL/mL). The in situ results showed that JEO-NP significantly protects the maize seed samples from A. flavus growth, AFB1 contamination and also preserved its nutritional quality. The absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) profiling revealed the JEO major components are non-mutagenic, non-hepatotoxic, non-carcinogenic, non-tumorigenic, biodegradable nature, and predicted toxicity (LD50 mg/kg rat) were ranged 3107.01 to 3960.22 mg/kg. The findings revealed that the nanoencapsulation technique could be used to enhance the antifungal efficacy of plant essential oil in the food system. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC part of Springer Nature.
Food and human health: An outlook of the journey of food from hunger satisfaction to health-promoting agent
(Elsevier, 2021) Bhanu Prakash; Prem Pratap Singh; Akshay Kumar; Vishal Gupta
The present chapter provides an overview of the journey of food from hunger satisfaction to health-promoting agents. The inherent components of food such as carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, lipids, antioxidants, and minerals are required for the normal physiological functioning of the body parts. In the modern era of the 21st century, the lifestyle and eating habits of people have been changed drastically. The change in eating habits and unhealthy diet leads to the emergence of modern diseases such as obesity, diabetes, hypertension, cancer, allergies, and cardiovascular diseases throughout the world. In view of the increase in life expectancy, side effects of modern-day drugs during their prolonged uses, the use of functional and nutraceutical food as a preventive step to control such diseases would be preferred. The present chapter highlights the role of foods and their bioactive components in human health, associated challenges, and future research perspectives. In addition, the role of science and technological applications especially waste-recycling approaches, nanotechnology, bioinformatics, toxicity prediction tools for the sustainable uses of functional and nutraceutical food, and the need for coordinated regulatory framework are discussed. © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Green products in the management of stored food grains: Challenges, recent advances and future prospects
(Elsevier, 2023) Bhanu Prakash; Prem Pratap Singh; Tanya Singh Raghuvanshi
Food biodeterioration due to the activity of stored grain insect pests, microbes, and associated metabolites is one of the major problems associated with food security, especially in tropical and subtropical countries, where the climatic condition is favorable to the growth and proliferation of a range of deteriorating agents. The cumulative effects of deteriorating agents may impose undesirable changes in organoleptic properties (odor, flavor, and taste), nutritional composition, and adverse effects on the overall quality of food products and make them unsafe and unpalatable. The application of most of the currently used physical and chemical methods is under scrutiny due to their prolonged adverse effects on health, sensory properties of food products, and the emergence of resistant pests and microbes. Therefore nowadays the industries are looking toward cost-effective and ecofriendly approaches for the management of food-biodeterioration agents. This chapter presents an overview of food biodeterioration agents, significant postharvest losses, and effective control strategies using ecofriendly approaches to secure the availability of safe food for the overgrowing population. In addition, special emphasis has been given to the possible practical application of natural products exhibiting strong insecticidal and antimicrobial agents using bioinformatics approaches. Further the future prospects for commercial application of plant chemicals and their current hurdles have been discussed to extend the shelf-life of food commodities and safeguard the agro-ecosystems. © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Insights into the antimicrobial efficacy of Coleus aromaticus essential oil against food-borne microbes: Biochemical and molecular simulation approaches
(Elsevier Ltd, 2023) Prem Pratap Singh; Atul Kumar Jaiswal; Tanya Singh Raghuvanshi; Bhanu Prakash
The study reported the antimicrobial efficacy of chemically characterized Coleus aromaticus essential oil (CEO) against food-borne bacteria, molds (Aspergillus flavus), aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and explored its mechanism of action using biochemical and molecular simulation approaches. The chemical profile of CEO was explored by Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis, which revealed thymol (46.0%) as the major compound. The minimum inhibitory concentration values of CEO for bacterial species Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, Bacillus cereus, and Shigella flexneri was found to be 0.9 μl/ml, 0.7 μl/ml, 0.16 μl/ml, and 0.12 μl/ml respectively. The MIC value for A. flavus and AFB1 contamination was 0.6 μl/ml. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of CEO was recorded with IC50 0.32 μl/ml. Biochemical and computational approaches (docking and dynamics simulation) have been performed to explore the multi-faceted antimicrobial inhibitory effects of CEO at the molecular level, which shows the impairment in membrane functioning, leakage of cellular contents, release of 260-nm absorbing materials, antioxidative defense, carbon catabolism and vital genes (7AP3, Nor1, Omt1, and Vbs). The findings indicated that CEO could be used as natural antimicrobial agents against food-spoilage bacteria, A. flavus and AFB1 contamination to extend the shelf-life of food product and prevention of food-borne diseases. © 2023
Interaction of plant growth promoting bacteria with tomato under abiotic stress: A review
(Elsevier B.V., 2018) Vipin Kumar Singh; Amit Kishore Singh; Prem Pratap Singh; Ajay Kumar
Tomato is one of the most demanding/utilizable vegetable crops worldwide after potato. It is extensively cultivated throughout the tropics and sub-tropics around the world. However, certain climate change consequences like salinity, drought, and environmental pollutants particularly heavy metals etc., lead to low soil productivity. In fact, problem of salinity, drought and soil contamination are increasing rapidly throughout the globe and severely affecting more than 10% of arable land resulting into reduction of more than 50% average yields of major crops including tomato. Therefore, sustainable agriculture is in great demand under current alarming condition of food security. Plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) has been evident as a co-evolution between plants and microbes showing antagonistic and synergistic interactions. Therefore, utilization of PGPB to tackle the problem of salinity, drought and heavy metal contamination is one of the novel biological approaches for sustainable agriculture practices. Under stress conditions, plant hormone like ethylene is known to endogenously regulate the homeostasis of plants leading to significant reduction in root and shoot growth. Few PGPB like Pseudomonas sp. and Bacillus sp. have developed tolerance mechanism against varieties of heavy metals through mobilization, surface complexation, biosorption, precipitation, intracellular compartmentalization or immobilization processes. Looking into the multiple applications of PGPB in sustainable agriculture, scientists and policy makers are currently emphasizing over selection of suitable microbial communities through interdisciplinary research disciplines including agriculture, biotechnology, chemical engineering, environmental science and nanotechnology to bring together different ecological and functional biological approaches to provide new formulations and opportunities with immense potential. The present review entails the overview of current trends in PGPB mediated abiotic stress amelioration in order to encounter the negative impacts of changing climatic conditions for sustainable enhancement in tomato productivity. © 2018 Elsevier B.V.
Isolation of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and their impact on growth and curcumin content in Curcuma longa L.
(Elsevier Ltd, 2016) Ajay Kumar; Vandana; Monika Singh; Prem Pratap Singh; Sandeep Kumar Singh; Pawan Kumar Singh; Kapil D. Pandey
The isolation of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) associated with the rhizosphere of Curcuma longa L. and evaluation of plant growth promotion potential, salinity tolerance, antibiotic sensitivity, antimicrobial properties and their correlation with the potential effect on the growth and biochemical ingredients was investigated. Nine strains (Bacillus subtilis CL1, Bacillus sp. CL3, Burkholderia thailandensis CL4, Agrobacterium tumefaciens CL5, Klebsiella sp. CL6, Bacillus cereus CL7, Pseudomonas putida CL9, Pseudomonas fluorescens CLI2 and Azotobacter chroococcum CL13 have been identified. All such strains solubilized tri-calcium phosphate and produced Indole acetic acid, ammonia but only 66% of the strains produced siderophores. Strains CL1, CL9 and CL12 tolerated maximum NaCl (6%) relative to strain CL5 (1%). The strains were sensitive to the antibiotic chloromphenicol followed by erythromycin and most of these effectively inhibited growth of Escherichia coli, Aspergillus niger and Alterneria alternata. Based on salinity tolerance, antimicrobial activity and antibiotic resistance Pseudomonas fluorescens strains were used as inoculants to demonstrate their effects on plant growth. PGPR significantly enhanced leaves number, stem height, stem and rhizome fresh biomass as well as the pharmaceutically important curcumin content. Curcumin is the most important constituent of curcuminoids recognized for their biological activity, food safety and the broad range of pharmaceuticals. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd