Browsing by Author "Priyamvada Gupta"

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Advancing Era and Rising Concerns in Nanotechnology-Based Cancer Treatment
(American Chemical Society, 2024) Harshita Tiwari; Priyamvada Gupta; Ashish Verma; Swati Singh; Rajiv Kumar; Hemant Kumar Gautam; Vibhav Gautam
Cancer is one of the most prevalent causes of mortality worldwide. The arena of cancer diagnosis and therapy has undergone a tremendous revolution since the development of nanotechnology. Due to their nanosize and biocompatibility, nanoparticles are extensively employed for gene therapy and targeted drug delivery. Nanotechnology-based approaches have also shown promising advancements in the utilization of extracellular vesicles for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy. Apart from this, the CRISPR/Cas9 (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats and CRISPR-associated protein 9)-based nanotherapy and the development of therapeutic nanovaccines have also demonstrated encouraging results in revolutionizing cancer treatment. Nanotechnology-based molecular imaging and contrast agents can detect cancer at very early stages, allowing for prompt treatment and better patient outcomes. Although nanoparticles offer multiple benefits for drug administration, they additionally possess certain pharmacokinetic limitations, such as body clearance, restricted tissue penetration, confrontation with biological barriers, biodistribution, and accumulation. However, improvements in nanoparticle design are intended to resolve safety issues and enhance the therapeutic effects of these particles in a variety of disease complications. While nanotechnology has demonstrated immense potential in the treatment and diagnosis of cancer, there are still several challenges to overcome, including guaranteeing the safety of nanomaterials, taking into account regulatory issues, and creating scalable and affordable solutions. Nevertheless, new developments in nanotechnology and current research hold promise for further revolutionizing cancer detection and treatment. © 2024 American Chemical Society.
Assessment of Biological Activities of Fungal Endophytes Derived Bioactive Compounds Isolated from Amoora rohituka
(MDPI, 2022) Ashish Verma; Priyamvada Gupta; Nilesh Rai; Rajan Kumar Tiwari; Ajay Kumar; Prafull Salvi; Swapnil C. Kamble; Santosh Kumar Singh; Vibhav Gautam
Fungal endophytes have remarkable potential to produce bioactive compounds with numerous pharmacological significance that are used in various disease management and human welfare. In the current study, a total of eight fungal endophytes were isolated from the leaf tissue of Amoora rohituka, and out of which ethyl acetate (EA) extract of Penicillium oxalicum was found to exhibit potential antioxidant activity against DPPH, nitric oxide, superoxide anion and hydroxyl free radicals with EC50 values of 178.30 ± 1.446, 75.79 ± 0.692, 169.28 ± 0.402 and 126.12 ± 0.636 µg/mL, respectively. The significant antioxidant activity of EA extract of P. oxalicum is validated through highest phenolic and flavonoid content, and the presence of unique bioactive components observed through high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprinting. Moreover, EA extract of P. oxalicum also displayed substantial anti-proliferative activity with IC50 values of 56.81 ± 0.617, 37.24 ± 1.26 and 260.627 ± 5.415 µg/mL against three cancer cells HuT-78, MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7, respectively. Furthermore, comparative HPTLC fingerprint analysis and antioxidant activity of P. oxalicum revealed that fungal endophyte P. oxalicum produces bioactive compounds in a host-dependent manner. Therefore, the present study signifies that fungal endophyte P. oxalicum associated with the leaf of A. rohituka could be a potential source of bioactive compounds with antioxidant and anticancer activity. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
Bioprospecting of fungal endophytes from Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz with antioxidant and cytotoxic activity
(Public Library of Science, 2022) Nilesh Rai; Priyanka Kumari Keshri; Priyamvada Gupta; Ashish Verma; Swapnil C. Kamble; Santosh Kumar Singh; Vibhav Gautam
Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz, a medicinal plant, shows numerous pharmacological properties which may be attributed to the bioactive compounds produced by O. indicum or due to associated endophytes. In the present study, leaf of O. indicum was evaluated for the presence of associated fungal endophytes, and antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of bioactive compounds produced from them. Using culture-dependent approach, eight fungal endophytes belonging to five different genera were identified. Two endophytes Daldinia eschscholtzii and Ectophoma multirostrata have been reported for the first time from the leaf of O. indicum plant. High-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) of ethyl acetate (EA) extract of isolated fungal endophytes showed a distinct fingerprinting profile in EA extract of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Among identified endophytes, EA extract of C. gloeosporioides showed significant antioxidant activity against DPPH free radical, superoxide anion radical, nitric oxide radical and hydroxyl radical with EC50 values of 22.24±1.302 μg/mL, 67.46 ±0.576 μg/mL, 80.10±0.706 μg/mL and 61.55±1.360 μg/mL, respectively. EA extract of C. gloeosporioides exhibited potential cytotoxicity against HCT116, HeLa and HepG2 cancer cell lines with IC50 values of 76.59 μg/mL, 176.20 μg/mL and 1750.70 μg/mL, respectively. A comparative HPTLC fingerprinting and the antioxidant activity of C. gloeosporioides associated with two different hosts (leaf of O. indicum and dead twigs of other plant) showed that C. gloeosporioides produces bioactive compounds in a host-dependent manner. Copyright: © 2022 Rai et al.
Deciphering the landscape of triple negative breast cancer from microenvironment dynamics and molecular insights to biomarker analysis and therapeutic modalities
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2024) Harshita Tiwari; Swati Singh; Sonal Sharma; Priyamvada Gupta; Ashish Verma; Amrit Chattopadhaya; Brijesh Kumar; Sakshi Agarwal; Rajiv Kumar; Sanjeev Kumar Gupta; Vibhav Gautam
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) displays a notable challenge in clinical oncology due to its invasive nature which is attributed to the absence of progesterone receptor (PR), estrogen receptor (ER), and human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER-2). The heterogenous tumor microenvironment (TME) of TNBC is composed of diverse constituents that intricately interact to evade immune response and facilitate cancer progression and metastasis. Based on molecular gene expression, TNBC is classified into four molecular subtypes: basal-like (BL1 and BL2), luminal androgen receptor (LAR), immunomodulatory (IM), and mesenchymal. TNBC is an aggressive histological variant with adverse prognosis and poor therapeutic response. The lack of response in most of the TNBC patients could be attributed to the heterogeneity of the disease, highlighting the need for more effective treatments and reliable prognostic biomarkers. Targeting certain signaling pathways and their components has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for improving patient outcomes. In this review, we have summarized the interactions among various components of the dynamic TME in TNBC and discussed the classification of its molecular subtypes. Moreover, the purpose of this review is to compile and provide an overview of the most recent data about recently discovered novel TNBC biomarkers and targeted therapeutics that have proven successful in treating metastatic TNBC. The emergence of novel therapeutic strategies such as chemoimmunotherapy, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells-based immunotherapy, phytometabolites-mediated natural therapy, photodynamic and photothermal approaches have made a significant positive impact and have paved the way for more effective interventions. © 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Designer probiotics: Opening the new horizon in diagnosis and prevention of human diseases
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2024) Nabendu Debnath; Pooja Yadav; Praveen K. Mehta; Priyamvada Gupta; Deepak Kumar; Ashwani Kumar; Vibhav Gautam; Ashok K. Yadav
Probiotic microorganisms have been used for therapeutic purposes for over a century, and recent advances in biotechnology and genetic engineering have opened up new possibilities for developing therapeutic approaches using indigenous probiotic microorganisms. Diseases are often related to metabolic and immunological factors, which play a critical role in their onset. With the help of advanced genetic tools, probiotics can be modified to produce or secrete important therapeutic peptides directly into mucosal sites, increasing their effectiveness. One potential approach to enhancing human health is through the use of designer probiotics, which possess immunogenic characteristics. These genetically engineered probiotics hold promise in providing novel therapeutic options. In addition to their immunogenic properties, designer probiotics can also be equipped with sensors and genetic circuits, enabling them to detect a range of diseases with remarkable precision. Such capabilities may significantly advance disease diagnosis and management. Furthermore, designer probiotics have the potential to be used in diagnostic applications, offering a less invasive and more cost-effective alternative to conventional diagnostic techniques. This review offers an overview of the different functional aspects of the designer probiotics and their effectiveness on different diseases and also, we have emphasized their limitations and future implications. A comprehensive understanding of these functional attributes may pave the way for new avenues of prevention and the development of effective therapies for a range of diseases. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Epigenetic manipulation for secondary metabolite activation in endophytic fungi: current progress and future directions
(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2023) Ashish Verma; Harshita Tiwari; Swati Singh; Priyamvada Gupta; Nilesh Rai; Santosh Kumar Singh; Bhim Pratap Singh; Sombir Rao; Vibhav Gautam
Fungal endophytes have emerged as a promising source of secondary metabolites with significant potential for various applications in the field of biomedicine. The biosynthetic gene clusters of endophytic fungi are responsible for encoding several enzymes and transcriptional factors that are involved in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. The investigation of fungal metabolic potential at genetic level faces certain challenges, including the synthesis of appropriate amounts of chemicals, and loss of the ability of fungal endophytes to produce secondary metabolites in an artificial culture medium. Therefore, there is a need to delve deeper into the field of fungal genomics and transcriptomics to explore the potential of fungal endophytes in generating secondary metabolites governed by biosynthetic gene clusters. The silent biosynthetic gene clusters can be activated by modulating the chromatin structure using chemical compounds. Epigenetic modification plays a significant role by inducing cryptic gene responsible for the production of secondary metabolites using DNA methyl transferase and histone deacetylase. CRISPR-Cas9-based genome editing emerges an effective tool to enhance the production of desired metabolites by modulating gene expression. This review primarily focuses on the significance of epigenetic elicitors and their capacity to boost the production of secondary metabolites from endophytes. This article holds the potential to rejuvenate the drug discovery pipeline by introducing new chemical compounds. © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
Ethyl Acetate Extract of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Promotes Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis in Human Breast Cancer Cells
(American Chemical Society, 2023) Nilesh Rai; Priyamvada Gupta; Ashish Verma; Rajan Kumar Tiwari; Prasoon Madhukar; Swapnil C. Kamble; Ajay Kumar; Rajiv Kumar; Santosh Kumar Singh; Vibhav Gautam
Fungal endophytes are known to be a paragon for producing bioactive compounds with a variety of pharmacological importance. The current study aims to elucidate the molecular alterations induced by the bioactive compounds produced by the fungal endophyte Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in the tumor microenvironment of human breast cancer cells. GC/MS analysis of the ethyl acetate (EA) extract of C. gloeosporioides revealed the presence of bioactive compounds with anticancer activity. The EA extract of C. gloeosporioides exerted potential plasmid DNA protective activity against hydroxyl radicals of Fenton’s reagent. The cytotoxic activity further revealed that MDA-MB-231 cells exhibit more sensitivity toward the EA extract of C. gloeosporioides as compared to MCF-7 cells, whereas non-toxic to non-cancerous HEK293T cells. Furthermore, the anticancer activity demonstrated by the EA extract of C. gloeosporioides was studied by assessing nuclear morphometric analysis and induction of apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells. The EA extract of C. gloeosporioides causes the alteration in cellular and nuclear morphologies, chromatin condensation, long-term colony inhibition, and inhibition of cell migration and proliferation ability of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells. The study also revealed that the EA extract of C. gloeosporioides treated cells undergoes apoptosis by increased production of reactive oxygen species and significant deficit in mitochondrial membrane potential. Our study also showed that the EA extract of C. gloeosporioides causes upregulation of pro-apoptotic (BAX, PARP, CASPASE-8, and FADD), cell cycle arrest (P21), and tumor suppressor (P53) related genes. Additionally, the downregulation of antiapoptotic genes (BCL-2 and SURVIVIN) and increased Caspase-3 activity suggest the induction of apoptosis in the EA extract of C. gloeosporioides treated MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells. Overall, our findings suggest that the bioactive compounds present in the EA extract of C. gloeosporioides promotes apoptosis by altering the genes related to the extrinsic as well as the intrinsic pathway. Further in vivo study in breast cancer models is required to validate the in vitro observations. © 2023 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.
Exploration of in vitro cytotoxic and in ovo antiangiogenic activity of ethyl acetate extract of Penicillium oxalicum
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2023) Ashish Verma; Nilesh Rai; Priyamvada Gupta; Swati Singh; Harshita Tiwari; Shashi Bhushan Chauhan; Vikas Kailashiya; Vibhav Gautam
Fungal endophytes have established new paradigms in the area of biomedicine due to their ability to produce metabolites of pharmacological importance. The present study reports the in vitro cytotoxic and in ovo antiangiogenic activity of the ethyl acetate (EA) extract of Penicillium oxalicum and their chemical profiling through Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry analysis. Treatment of the EA extract of P. oxalicum to the selected human breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7) leads to the reduced glucose uptake and increased nitric oxide production suggesting the cytotoxic activity of EA extract of P. oxalicum. Our results further show that treatment of EA extract of P. oxalicum attenuates the colony number, cell migration ability and alters nuclear morphology in both the human breast cancer cell lines. Furthermore, the treatment of EA extract of P. oxalicum mediates apoptosis by increasing the expression of BAX, P21, FADD, and CASPASE-8 genes, with increased Caspase-3 activity. Additionally, in ovo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay showed that the treatment of EA extract of P. oxalicum leads to antiangiogenic activity with perturbed formation of blood vessels. Overall, our findings suggest that the EA extract of P. oxalicum show in vitro cytotoxic and antiproliferative activity against human breast cancer cell lines, and in ovo antiangiogenic activity in CAM model. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Fungal endophyte-mediated green synthesis of silver nanoparticles as potential anticancer agent: current perspective and challenges
(Springer Nature, 2024) Nilesh Rai; Priyamvada Gupta; Ashish Verma; Swati Singh; Harshita Tiwari; Rajiv Kumar; Santosh Kumar Singh; Vibhav Gautam
Endophytic microorganisms establish symbiotic relationship with their host plants and also have a unique ability to mimic bioactive metabolite produced from host plants. Bioactive compounds produced from fungal endophyte have tendency to reduce metallic ions such as silver, gold, platinum, and zinc into nanoparticles. Biosynthesis of fungal endophyte-mediated silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has evolved as a frontier of nanotechnology. For decades, silver has been observed as a nontoxic and harmless inorganic agent which is utilized as antibacterial or antifungal agent. Silver exhibits an exceptional physical, chemical, and a wide range of potential biological activities, predominantly in the form of nanoparticles. Although the effective biosynthesis of fungal endophytemediated AgNPs and their antiapoptotic and antiproliferative property have been accounted as of now, the exact mechanism of synthesis of nanoparticles remains unclear. The current chapter gives a brief outline of the possible mechanism of fungal endophyte-mediated synthesis of AgNPs and its anticancer properties. Moreover, it also provides an insight for the mycogenic synthesis and characterization of AgNPs mediated by fungal endophyte using various highthroughput techniques including UV-Visible spectrophotometer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX), and X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRD). Additionally, it also describes bottlenecks in the field of myconanotechnology including manufacturing at large scale, improved stability, and reduced time to acquire compatible size and shape of AgNPs and their potential uses in cancer research. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024. All rights reserved.
Fungal Endophytes: an Accessible Source of Bioactive Compounds with Potential Anticancer Activity
(Springer, 2022) Nilesh Rai; Priyamvada Gupta; Priyanka Kumari Keshri; Ashish Verma; Pradeep Mishra; Deepak Kumar; Ajay Kumar; Santosh Kumar Singh; Vibhav Gautam
Endophytes either be bacteria, fungi, or actinomycetes colonize inside the tissue of host plants without showing any immediate negative effects on them. Among numerous natural alternative sources, fungal endophytes produce a wide range of structurally diverse bioactive metabolites including anticancer compounds. Considering the production of bioactive compounds in low quantity, genetic and physicochemical modification of the fungal endophytes is performed for the enhanced production of bioactive compounds. Presently, for the treatment of cancer, chemotherapy is majorly used, but the side effects of chemotherapy are of prime concern in clinical practices. Also, the drug-resistant properties of carcinoma cells, lack of cancer cells-specific medicine, and the side effects of drugs are the biggest obstacles in cancer treatment. The interminable requirement of potential drugs has encouraged researchers to seek alternatives to find novel bioactive compounds, and fungal endophytes seem to be a probable target for the discovery of anticancer drugs. The present review focuses a comprehensive literature on the major fungal endophyte-derived bioactive compounds which are presently been used for the management of cancer, biotic factors influencing the production of bioactive compounds and about the challenges in the field of fungal endophyte research. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
Green-Based Approach to Synthesize Silver Nanoparticles Using the Fungal Endophyte Penicillium oxalicum and Their Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, and in Vitro Anticancer Potential
(American Chemical Society, 2022) Priyamvada Gupta; Nilesh Rai; Ashish Verma; Dimple Saikia; Surya Pratap Singh; Rajiv Kumar; Santosh Kumar Singh; Deepak Kumar; Vibhav Gautam
A green-based approach for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles has gained tremendous attention in biomedical applications. Fungal endophytes have been recognized as a remarkable biological source for the synthesis of potential nanodrugs. The present study focuses on the fabrication of silver nanoparticles using the fungal endophyte Penicillium oxalicum (POAgNPs) associated with the leaf of the Amoora rohituka plant. Sharp UV-visible spectra at 420 nm appeared due to the surface plasmon resonance of POAgNPs and the reduction of silver salt. FT-IR analysis revealed the presence of functional groups of bioactive compounds of P. oxalicum responsible for the reduction of silver salt and validated the synthesis of POAgNPs. A high degree of crystallinity was revealed through XRD analysis, and microscopy-based characterizations such as AFM, TEM, and FESEM showed uniformly distributed, and spherically shaped nanoparticles. Furthermore, POAgNPs showed a potential inhibitory effect against bacterial and fungal strains of pathogenic nature. POAgNPs also exhibited potential antioxidant activity against the synthetically generated free radicals such as DPPH, superoxide, hydroxyl, and nitric oxide with EC50 values of 9.034 ± 0.449, 56.378 ± 1.137, 34.094 ± 1.944, and 61.219 ± 0.69 μg/mL, respectively. Moreover, POAgNPs exhibited cytotoxic potential against the breast cancer cell lines, MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 with IC50 values of 20.080 ± 0.761 and 40.038 ± 1.022 μg/mL, respectively. POAgNPs showed anticancer potential through inhibition of wound closure and by altering the nuclear morphology of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells. Further anticancer activity revealed that POAgNPs induced apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells by differential expression of genes related to apoptosis, tumor suppression, and cell cycle arrest and increased the level of Caspase-3. The novel study showed that P. oxalicum-mediated silver nanoparticles exhibit potential biological activity, which can be exploited as nanodrugs in clinical applications. © 2022 American Chemical Society.
Isolation and characterization of N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)hexadecanamide from Colletotrichum gloeosporioides with apoptosis-inducing potential in breast cancer cells
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2023) Nilesh Rai; Priyamvada Gupta; Ashish Verma; Santosh Kumar Singh; Vibhav Gautam
Endophytic fungi are a well-established reservoir of bioactive compounds that are pharmaceutically valuable and therefore, contribute significantly to the biomedical field. The present study aims to identify the bioactive anticancer compound from ethyl acetate extract of fungal endophyte, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides associated with the leaf of the medicinal plant Oroxylum indicum. The fatty acid amide compound N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)hexadecanamide (Palmitoylethanolamide; PEA) was identified using antioxidant activity-guided fractionation assisted with tandem liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry, Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance. In-Silico molecular docking analysis showed that PEA potentially docked to the active sites of apoptosis-inducing proteins including BAX, BCL-2, P21, and P53. Further validation was done using in vitro study that showed PEA inhibitsthe proliferation, alters nuclear morphology and attenuates the wound closure ability of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells. PEA induces apoptosis via upregulating cell-cycle arrest (P21), tumor suppression (P53), pro-apoptotic (BAX, CASPASE-8, and FADD) genes, and downregulating anti-apoptotic gene BCL-2. The upregulation of the active form of Caspase-3 was also reported. This is the first-ever report for the isolation of PEA from C. gloeosporioides with anticancer activity against human breast cancer cells and therefore holds great potential for future therapeutics. © 2023 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.
Mass Spectrometry-Based Technology and Workflows for Studying the Chemistry of Fungal Endophyte Derived Bioactive Compounds
(American Chemical Society, 2021) Priyamvada Gupta; Ashish Verma; Nilesh Rai; Anurag Kumar Singh; Santosh Kumar Singh; Brijesh Kumar; Rajiv Kumar; Vibhav Gautam
Bioactive compounds have gained substantial attention in research and have conferred great advancements in the industrial and pharmacological fields. Highly diverse fungi and their metabolome serve as a big platform to be explored for their diverse bioactive compounds. Omics tools coupled with bioinformatics, statistical, and well-developed algorithm tools have elucidated immense knowledge about fungal endophyte derived bioactive compounds. Further, these compounds are subjected to chromatography-gas chromatography and liquid chromatography (LC), spectroscopy-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and "soft ionization"technique-matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) based analytical techniques for structural characterization. The mass spectrometry (MS)-based approach, being highly sensitive, reproducible, and reliable, produces quick and high-profile identification. Coupling these techniques with MS has resulted in a descriptive account of the identification and quantification of fungal endophyte derived bioactive compounds. This paper emphasizes the workflows of the above-mentioned techniques, their advancement, and future directions to study the unraveled area of chemistry of fungal endophyte-derived bioactive compounds. © 2021 American Chemical Society.
Microscopy based methods for characterization, drug delivery, and understanding the dynamics of nanoparticles
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2024) Priyamvada Gupta; Nilesh Rai; Ashish Verma; Vibhav Gautam
Nanomedicine is an emerging field that exploits nanotechnology for the development of novel therapeutic and diagnostic modalities. Researches are been focussed in nanoimaging to develop noninvasive, highly sensitive, and reliable tools for diagnosis and visualization in nanomedical field. The application of nanomedicine in healthcare requires in-depth understanding of their structural, physical and morphological properties, internalization inside living system, biodistribution and localization, stability, mode of action and possible toxic health effects. Microscopic techniques including fluorescence-based confocal laser scanning microscopy, super-resolution fluorescence microscopy and multiphoton microscopy; optical-based Raman microscopy, photoacoustic microscopy and optical coherence tomography; photothermal microscopy; electron microscopy (transmission electron microscope and scanning electron microscope); atomic force microscopy; X-ray microscopy and, correlative multimodal imaging are recognized as an indispensable tool in material research and aided in numerous discoveries. Microscopy holds great promise in detecting the fundamental structures of nanoparticles (NPs) that determines their performance and applications. Moreover, the intricate details that allows assessment of chemical composition, surface topology and interfacial properties, molecular, microstructure, and micromechanical properties are also elucidated. With plethora of applications, microscopy-based techniques have been used to characterize novel NPs alongwith their proficient designing and adoption of safe strategies to be exploited in nanomedicine. Consequently, microscopic techniques have been extensively used in the characterization of fabricated NPs, and their biomedical application in diagnostics and therapeutics. The present review provides an overview of the microscopy-based techniques for in vitro and in vivo application in nanomedical investigation alongwith their challenges and advancement to meet the limitations of conventional methods. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Myco-nanotechnological approach to synthesize gold nanoparticles using a fungal endophyte,Penicillium oxalicum, and unravelling its antibacterial activity and anti-breast cancer role via metabolic reprogramming
(2024) Priyamvada Gupta; Amrit Chattopadhaya; Vibhav Gautam
The present study has been designed to fabricate fungal endophyte-assisted gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and elucidate their anti-breast cancer potential. The aqueous extract of fungal endophytePenicillium oxalicum(PO), associated with the medicinal plantAmoora rohituka, was used for the fabrication of AuNPs (POAuNPs). Physico-chemical characterization using Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction, Dynamic light scattering, Zeta potential, Transmission electron microscopy and Field emission scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed stable, uniform distribution, spherical shape and crystalline nature of POAuNPs with a size range of 3-46 nm. Furthermore, the POAuNPs potentially inhibited the growth of pathogenic bacterial strainsEscherichia coliandStaphylococcus aureus. The synthesized POAuNPs have shown potential antioxidant effects against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), superoxide and nitric oxide (NO) radical scavenging assays with an EC50value of 8.875 ± 0.082, 52.593 ± 2.506 and 43.717 ± 1.449 µg mL-1, respectively. Moreover, the value of EC50for the total antioxidant capacity of POAuNPs was found to be 23.667 ± 1.361 µg mL-1. The cell viability of human breast cancer cells, MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7, was found to be reduced after treatment with POAuNPs, and IC50values were found to be 19.753 ± 0.640 and 35.035 ± 0.439 µg mL-1, respectively. Further,in vitrobiochemical assays revealed that POAuNPs induces metabolic reprogramming in terms of reduced glucose uptake, increased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and, disruption of oxidative balance through depletion of glutathione levels, increased nitric oxide (NO) and lipid peroxidation levels as a possible pathway to suppress human breast cancer cell proliferation. Apoptosis-specific nuclear modulations induced by POAuNPs in human breast cancer cells were validated through 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) nuclear staining. The present investigation thus attempts to show the first ever fabrication of AuNPs using an aqueous extract ofP. oxalicumassociated withA. rohituka. The results revealed unique physico-chemical characteristics of mycogenic AuNPs, and screening their effect against breast cancer via metabolic reprogramming and induction of apoptosis thus adds great significance for cancer therapeutics, suggesting further exploration to develop nanotherapeutic drugs. © 2024 IOP Publishing Ltd. All rights, including for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies, are reserved.
New ring-A modified cycloartane triterpenoids from Dysoxylum malabaricum bark: Isolation, structure elucidation and their cytotoxicity
(Elsevier Inc., 2024) Nivedita Bhardwaj; Priyamvada Gupta; Nancy Tripathi; Sanheeta Chakrabarty; Ashish Verma; Sanju Kumari; Vibhav Gautam; G. Ravikanth; Shreyans K. Jain
The Genus Dysoxylum (Meliaceae) consists of approximately 80 species that are abundant in structurally diverse triterpenoids. The present study focused on isolating new triterpenoids from the bark of Dysoxylum malabaricum, one of the predominant species of Dysoxylum present in India. The methanol-dichloromethane bark extract was subjected to LCMS profiling followed by silica gel column chromatography and HPLC analysis to target new compounds. Two new ring A-modified cycloartane-type triterpenoids (1 and 2) were isolated from the bark extract. Spectroscopic methods like NMR, HRESIMS data, and electronic circular dichroism calculations elucidated the structures and absolute configurations of the isolated compounds. These compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic potential against breast cancer cells and displayed notable cytotoxicity. Compound 1 exhibited the highest cytotoxicity against the MDA-MB-231 cells and induced apoptotic cell death. Also, it was able to inhibit glucose uptake and increase nitric oxide production in breast cancer cells. © 2024 Elsevier Inc.
Recent Advancements in the Formulation of Nanomaterials-Based Nanozymes, Their Catalytic Activity, and Biomedical Applications
(American Chemical Society, 2023) Swati Singh; Nilesh Rai; Harshita Tiwari; Priyamvada Gupta; Ashish Verma; Rajiv Kumar; Vikas Kailashiya; Prafull Salvi; Vibhav Gautam
Nanozymes are nanoparticles with intrinsic enzyme-mimicking properties that have become more prevalent because of their ability to outperform conventional enzymes by overcoming their drawbacks related to stability, cost, and storage. Nanozymes have the potential to manipulate active sites of natural enzymes, which is why they are considered promising candidates to function as enzyme mimetics. Several microscopy- and spectroscopy-based techniques have been used for the characterization of nanozymes. To date, a wide range of nanozymes, including catalase, oxidase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase, have been designed to effectively mimic natural enzymes. The activity of nanozymes can be controlled by regulating the structural and morphological aspects of the nanozymes. Nanozymes have multifaceted benefits, which is why they are exploited on a large scale for their application in the biomedical sector. The versatility of nanozymes aids in monitoring and treating cancer, other neurodegenerative diseases, and metabolic disorders. Due to the compelling advantages of nanozymes, significant research advancements have been made in this area. Although a wide range of nanozymes act as potent mimetics of natural enzymes, their activity and specificities are suboptimal, and there is still room for their diversification for analytical purposes. Designing diverse nanozyme systems that are sensitive to one or more substrates through specialized techniques has been the subject of an in-depth study. Hence, we believe that stimuli-responsive nanozymes may open avenues for diagnosis and treatment by fusing the catalytic activity and intrinsic nanomaterial properties of nanozyme systems. © 2023 American Chemical Society.
Recent Advances in Nanomaterials-Based Targeted Drug Delivery for Preclinical Cancer Diagnosis and Therapeutics
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2023) Harshita Tiwari; Nilesh Rai; Swati Singh; Priyamvada Gupta; Ashish Verma; Akhilesh Kumar Singh; Kajal; Prafull Salvi; Santosh Kumar Singh; Vibhav Gautam
Nano-oncology is a branch of biomedical research and engineering that focuses on using nanotechnology in cancer diagnosis and treatment. Nanomaterials are extensively employed in the field of oncology because of their minute size and ultra-specificity. A wide range of nanocarriers, such as dendrimers, micelles, PEGylated liposomes, and polymeric nanoparticles are used to facilitate the efficient transport of anti-cancer drugs at the target tumor site. Real-time labeling and monitoring of cancer cells using quantum dots is essential for determining the level of therapy needed for treatment. The drug is targeted to the tumor site either by passive or active means. Passive targeting makes use of the tumor microenvironment and enhanced permeability and retention effect, while active targeting involves the use of ligand-coated nanoparticles. Nanotechnology is being used to diagnose the early stage of cancer by detecting cancer-specific biomarkers using tumor imaging. The implication of nanotechnology in cancer therapy employs photoinduced nanosensitizers, reverse multidrug resistance, and enabling efficient delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 and RNA molecules for therapeutic applications. However, despite recent advancements in nano-oncology, there is a need to delve deeper into the domain of designing and applying nanoparticles for improved cancer diagnostics. © 2023 by the authors.
Sustainable Synthesis of Novel Green-Based Nanoparticles for Therapeutic Interventions and Environmental Remediation
(American Chemical Society, 2024) Swati Singh; Harshita Tiwari; Ashish Verma; Priyamvada Gupta; Amrit Chattopadhaya; Ananya Singh; Sanjana Singh; Brijesh Kumar; Abhijit Mandal; Rajiv Kumar; Ashok K. Yadav; Hemant Kumar Gautam; Vibhav Gautam
The advancement in nanotechnology has completely revolutionized various fields, including pharmaceutical sciences, and streamlined the potential therapeutic of many diseases that endanger human life. The synthesis of green nanoparticles by biological processes is an aspect of the newly emerging scientific field known as “green nanotechnology”. Due to their safe, eco-friendly, nontoxic nature, green synthesis tools are better suited to produce nanoparticles between 1 and 100 nm. Nanoformulation of different types of nanoparticles has been made possible by using green production techniques and commercially feasible novel precursors, such as seed extracts, algae, and fungi, that act as potent reducing, capping, and stabilizing agents. In addition to this, the biofunctionalization of nanoparticles has also broadened its horizon in the field of environmental remediation and various novel therapeutic innovations including wound healing, antimicrobial, anticancer, and nano biosensing. However, the major challenge pertaining to green nanotechnology is the agglomeration of nanoparticles that may alter the surface topology, which can affect biological physiology, thereby contributing to system toxicity. Therefore, a thorough grasp of nanoparticle toxicity and biocompatibility is required to harness the applications of nanotechnology in therapeutics. © 2024 American Chemical Society
Unveiling the cytotoxic and anti-proliferative potential of green-synthesized silver nanoparticles mediated by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides
(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2024) Priyamvada Gupta; Swati Singh; Nilesh Rai; Ashish Verma; Harshita Tiwari; Swapnil C. Kamble; Hemant Kumar Gautam; Vibhav Gautam
Fungal endophytes are a putative source of bioactive metabolites that have found significant applications in nanomedicine due to their metabolic versatility. In the present study, an aqueous extract of the fungal endophyte, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides associated with a medicinal plant Oroxylum indicum, has been used for the fabrication of green silver nanoparticles (CgAgNPs) and further evaluated their cytotoxic and anti-proliferative activity. Bioanalytical techniques including UV-Vis spectral analysis revealed a sharp band at 435 nm and functional molecules from the aqueous extract involved in the synthesis of CgAgNPs were evidenced through FTIR. Further, the crystalline nature of CgAgNPs was determined through XRD analysis and microscopy techniques including AFM, TEM and FESEM demonstrated the spherical shape of CgAgNPs exhibiting a crystalline hexagonal lattice and the size was found to be in the range of 9-29 nm. The significant cytotoxic potential of CgAgNPs was observed against breast cancer cells, MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 with IC50 values of 18.398 ± 0.376 and 38.587 ± 1.828 μg mL−1, respectively. The biochemical study revealed that the treatment of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells with CgAgNPs reduces glucose uptake, suppresses cell proliferation, and enhances LDH release, indicating reduced cell viability and progression. Moreover, our research revealed differential expression of genes associated with apoptosis, cell cycle inhibition and metastasis suppression, evidencing anti-proliferative activity of CgAgNPs. The main objective of the present study is to harness anti-breast cancer activity of novel biogenic nanoparticles synthesized using the aqueous extract of O. indicum associated C. gloeosporioides and study the underlying mechanistic pathway exerted by these mycogenic nanoparticles. © 2024 The Royal Society of Chemistry.