Browsing by Author "Priyankar Raha"

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Allelopathic effect of cocklebur extract on the fertility status of soil in transplanted rice by controlling weed
(Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology, 2016) Ekta Kumari; Pravin Kumar Upadhyay; Avijit Sen; Priyankar Raha; Javvadi Padmavathi; Mona Nagargade; Vishal Tyagi
Nutrient status plays a sine quo non role in maintaining the fertility of any soil. All the soil and plant indices are directly or indirectly related to it. In this experiment the use of xanthium is taken as key indicator for not just control over the prominent weeds of rice but this reduction of weed intensity thereby increase the nutrient reserves in the soil. In rice, weed control at early stage is imperative for realizing desired level of productivity. Here extraction from cocklebur is taken as a weed management tool to find out the effect of varying rates of Xanthium strumarium extract through different solvents(petroleum ether, methanol and water extract @1000mg L-1, 2000mg L-1 and 3000mg L-1 each respectively) on dry weight of weed, nutrient content and removal by rice plant. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with twelve treatments replicated thrice on variety HUR 3022 including butachlor, pretilachlor and control. The nutrient availability was measured in terms of its content of the varied treatments and its uptake of nutrient in soil and plant at 30, 60 and 90 days after transplanting and at harvest. The application of petroleum ether extract @ 3000 mg L-1 of X. strumarium was found to having higher nutrient status in rice with lower status in weed ultimately controlling the most relative weed of rice i.e. Echinocloa spp. having the nutrient reserves in the soil as well as crop plant.
Assessment of human essential trace elements in soil and ground water of Gonda District, Uttar Pradesh, India
(Ecological Society of India, 2017) Chandana Suman; Sandeep Kumar Tripathf; Priyankar Raha
The present study has been carried out to determine the occurrence, prevalence and contributing factors to the incidence of goitre in .tarsi region Gonda district, Uttar Pradesh. To achieve these objectives, cultivated soil and ground water samples were collected from thirty five reference locations, In order to determine their physico-chemical properties of soil, ionic concentrations of ground water, iodine and selenium concentrations in both the soil and water samples. The soil mean value of hot water extractable iodine and selenium was estimated as 3.33 and 0.109 mg kg-1, with range of 1.81-4.46 and 0.012-0.287 mg kg-1, respectively. The iodine and selenium concentration In ground water varied from 1.21-26.71 and 12.39 to 63.36 μgL-1 with mean of 15.52 and 35.26 μgL-1, respectively. The pH, EC. Cr, SO/, NO;, PO Ca2+ Mg2+, Na+, K+. and NH/ of ground water were within the desirable limit of WHO for drinking purpose, except HCO,∗ and CO∗ Ions concentration. Higher concentrations of HCO3- and CO32- In ground water enhanced the pH of the water. In view of the quality of ground water, the water under study was good quality for drinking purpose, as most of the pH was within the range of 6.5 to 9.2 and EC was also below 2 dSm"1. © 2017 Ecological Society of India. All rights reserved.
Carbon dioxide evolution and oxidoreductase enzyme activities in relation to herbicides application in an alluvial soil of Varanasi
(Indian Society of Agricultural Biochemists, 2015) Narayan Panda; Priyankar Raha
Laboratory incubation study was carried out in Gangetic alluvial soil of Varanasi at recommended and double the recommended dose of glyphosate, paraquat and pendimethalin to assess their impact on carbon dioxide (CO2) evolution, dehydrogenase & catalase activities and the soil bacterial population. Both stimulating and inhibiting effects were noticed from the application of herbicides glyphosate, paraquat and pendimethalin on the decomposition of organic matter. The rate of periodical changes of CO2 evolution (mg CO2-C g-1 soil) from the herbicides applied soil, followed the order pendiemthalin > paraquat >glyphosate. The dehydrogenase activity (mg TPF g-1 day-1) was more stimulant at double the recommended dose of the herbicides after 42 days of incubation. Both stimulating and/or inhibiting effects were observed on catalase activity (ì mole H2O2 consumed min-1 g-1 soil) and bacterial population in soil as influenced by the herbicides. © 2015, Indian Society of Agricultural Biochemists. All rights reserved.
Chloride status in ground water of dryland areas in Mirzapur district, Uttar Pradesh, India
(Agri. Bio. Publishers, 2014) Mahendra Prasad; Priyankar Raha
A study was conducted to determine chloride status in ground water of Mirzapur district at Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Banaras Hindu University Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh. To evaluate the status of chloride in ground water, ground water samples were collected in dryland areas of Mirzapur district, Uttar Pradesh during pre-monsoon period. The chloride of the ground water was determined by spectrophotometric method using ferric nitrate monohydrate and mercury (II) thiocyanate. The chloride content in irrigation water in Mirzapur district ranged from 0.56-69.61 mg/1.
Deterministic approach for susceptibility assessment of shallow debris slide in the Darjeeling Himalayas, India
(Elsevier B.V., 2016) Shraban Sarkar; Archana K. Roy; Priyankar Raha
High magnitude rainfall triggers numerous shallow debris slides in the Darjeeling Himalayas causing widespread damage to the environment, loss of life and property. Thin soil cover and steep topography make the region vulnerable to debris slides. The objective of the present study is to assess the susceptibility of the eastern part of Darjeeling Himalayas (covering about 330 km2) to shallow debris slides through the functional relationship of hillslope hydrology and mechanical properties of slope materials. Deterministic approach-based shallow landsliding stability (SHALSTAB) model following Mohr-Coulomb failure law was adopted to assess landslide susceptibility. Topographical parameters were derived from 8-m resolution Cartosat-1 digital elevation model (DEM) and mechanical properties of soil were obtained from an analysis of 15 soil samples. For slope stability assessment, the topographical and soil parameters were put into three different scenarios - (i) assuming the surface entirely free from vegetation (Model-1), (ii) involving the role of vegetation root cohesion (Model-2) and (iii) surcharge of vegetation, buildings and other structures along with root cohesion (Model-3). These predictive models were used to classify the area into various susceptibility classes with specific amounts of critical rainfall (Qc). The result shows that 28%, 9% and 10% of the study area come under unconditionally unstable class in the three models, respectively. About 22% land in Model-1 and 42% in each Model-2 and Model-3 come under unconditionally stable class. Protective capacity of roots against debris slide played a significant role in Model-2 and Model-3. Performance of models was validated by comparison of observed-predicted landslide areas and the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. It is found that the overall success rate of all the three models is relatively low (56.60% to 64.50%). Thus, it may be concluded that the SHALSTAB model in assessing landslide should either not be used at all at a regional level in the Himalayas or be used only with great caution along with additional field and lab data. © 2015 Elsevier B.V.
Differential responses of rice (Oryza sativa L.) to foliar fertilization of organic potassium salts
(Bellwether Publishing, Ltd., 2020) Arnab Kundu; Priyankar Raha; Akhila Nand Dubey; Mukta Rani; Alpana Paul; Ruby Patel
Citric acid, gluconic acid, and humic acid are effective biostimulants and potassium salts of these organic acids are evidenced to have positive impacts in plant nutrition. This experiment aimed to compare the performances of organic potassium salts, viz. potassium citrate (C), potassium gluconate (G), and potassium humate (H) with commercially available inorganic potassium salt on submerged rice. Treatments included foliar application of three organic potassium salts (C, G, and H) and foliar or soil application of inorganic potassium sulfate (S), alone or in combination, with different doses. Foliar application of organic potassium salts resulted in enhanced plant height (1.6%), chlorophyll content (11.6%), grain yield (6.9%), and nutrient uptake (N, P, K, and S) by rice than inorganic K2SO4. Conjoint application of H (half of RDF-K as foliar spraying) and S (half of RDF-K as soil application) obtained highest straw (22.4 g/kg soil) and grain yield (5.6 g/kg soil). Moreover, potassium humate performed best among the different potassium salts used and significantly enhanced the number of leaves, root biomass, and nutrient uptake. This study confirmed the growth promoting attributes of organic potassium salts by improving yield and nutrient uptake of submerged rice. © 2020 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Environmental carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil from Himalayas, India: Implications for spatial distribution, sources apportionment and risk assessment
(Elsevier Ltd, 2016) Ningombam Linthoingambi Devi; Ishwar Chandra Yadav; Qi Shihua; Yang Dan; Gan Zhang; Priyankar Raha
The Indian Himalayan Region (IHR) is one of the important mountain ecosystems among the global mountain system which support wide variety of flora, fauna, human communities and cultural diversities. Surface soil samples (n = 69) collected from IHR were analysed for 16 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) listed by USEPA. The ∑16PAH concentration in surface soil ranged from 15.3 to 4762 ngg-1 (mean 458 ngg-1). The sum total of low molecular weight PAH (∑LMW-PAHs) (mean 74.0 ngg-1) were relatively lower than the high molecular weight PAH (∑HMW-PAHs) (mean 384 ngg-1). The concentration of eight carcinogenic PAHs (BaA, CHR, BbF, BkF, BaP, DahA, IcdP, BghiP) were detected high in mountain soil from IHR and ranged from 0.73 to 2729 ngg-1 (mean 272 ngg-1). Based on spatial distribution map, high concentration of HMW- and LMW-PAHs were detected at GS1 site in Guwahati (615 and 4071 ngg-1), and lowest concentration of HMW-PAHs were found at IS6 in Itanagar (5.80 ngg-1) and LMW-PAHs at DS2 (17.3 ngg-1) in Dibrugarh. Total organic carbon (TOC) in mountain soil was poorly connected with ∑PAHs (r2 = 0.072) and Car-PAHs (r2 = 0.048), suggesting the little role of TOC in adsorption of PAHs. Isomeric ratio of PAHs showed the source of PAH contamination in IHR is mixed of petrogenic and pyrogenic origin and was affirmed by PAHs composition profile. These source apportionment results were further confirmed by principal component analysis (PCA). Eco-toxicological analysis showed the calculated TEQ for most carcinogenic PAH were 2-4 times more than the Dutch allowed limit, while TEQ of BaP was 25 times high, suggesting increasing trend of carcinogenicity of surface soil. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd.
Foliar application of commercial amino acids biostimulants on nutrient uptake and quality of potato tuber
(Springer Nature, 2025) Vimal Kumar; Priyankar Raha; Chandrabhan Patel; Dharmendra Kumar Verma; Anshuman K. Singh
The field experiments were conducted in the middle Gangetic plain sub-tropical region of India. The objective of the research was to assess the nutrient uptake and quality of potato tubers under various irrigation schedules and commercial amino acid biostimulant (AAB) treatments. The field trial used a split-plot design incorporating three irrigation schedules at key crop growth stages: three irrigation stages (I1; 3 irrigations), four stages (I2; 4 irrigations), and five stages (I3; 5 irrigations), along with four different sources of AAB: A0 (control), A1 (Siapton 10 L), A2 (Amino acid liquid), and A3 (Amino Plus), combined with the recommended dose of fertilizers. The quality and nutrient uptake of the tubers were significantly enhanced by spraying all the sources of AAB. The plant-based biostimulant (A2) led to the greatest increase in total soluble solids (TSS, 18.12 to 28.20%), starch (21.36 to 23.93%), and protein content (2.11 to 2.76%), followed by the mixture amino acid biostimulants (A3), and the lowest response was observed with the animal-based biostimulants (A1). The maximum nutrient uptake was observed with the A2 treatment, with nitrogen uptake ranging from 65.74 to 152.26 kg ha− 1, 120.12 to 163.23 kg ha− 1, and 74.90 to 79.69 kg ha− 1 at 30, 60, and 90 DAS, respectively, followed by A3 and A1. Maximum phosphorus uptake by A2 ranged from 32.54 to 107.50 kg ha− 1, 47.73 to 70.57 kg ha− 1, and 56.78 to 47.73 kg ha− 1 at 30, 60, and 90 DAS, respectively, followed by A3 and A1. The same trend was observed for potassium uptake. Regarding the irrigation schedule, all treatments showed significant effects, with the maximum tuber yield (230.5 and 226.1 q ha− 1 during the first and second years, respectively) recorded with the I2 irrigation (4 irrigation stages), followed by I3 (5 irrigations) and I1 (3 irrigations). The greatest potato yield (239.0 and 234.2 q ha− 1 during the first and second years, respectively) was observed with A2. Significant interaction effects between different irrigation schedules and AAB treatments were found, with the highest interaction effect on tuber yield (255.0 and 241.3 q ha− 1 during the first and second years, respectively) recorded with the I2A2 combination, followed by other treatment combinations. The impact of the irrigation schedule on nutrient uptake and tuber quality was found to be insignificant. These findings suggest that foliar application of AAB can improve nutrient use efficiency (NUE) by facilitating easier nutrient absorption and enhancing potato tuber quality. © The Author(s) 2025.
Impact of Source and Method of Potassium Application on Dry Matter Accumulation and Partitioning of Potassium in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2021) Arnab Kundu; Priyankar Raha; Akhila Nand Dubey
The experiment was carried out to assess dry matter accumulation and potassium partitioning in submerged rice upon application of three organic potassium salts, viz., potassium citrate (KC), potassium gluconate (KG), and potassium humate (KH), and inorganic salt, potassium sulfate (KS). Treatments included recommended dose of potassium (RDF-K, 60 kg ha−1) via foliar or soil application of KS, alone or in combination with foliar application of three organic potassium salts (KC, KG, and KH), in three split doses at three rice phenological stages, viz., tillering, panicle initiation, and early flowering. Solely foliar application of organic K salts resulted in 76% K uptake in rice straw compared with 13% K uptake in grain, which diminished internal use efficiency (IUE) and partial factor productivity (PFP) of K. Conjoint application of KS (half of RDF-K as soil application) and KH (half of RDF-K as foliar spraying) obtained highest grain K accumulation and significantly enhanced IUE and PFP of K. KH performed best among the different K salts used and significantly enhanced root dry matter which resulted in significantly highest grain N and P uptake. This study confirmed that organic salts of K altered dry matter and K partitioning, and soil application of KS (half of RDF-K) in combination with foliar application of KH (half of RDF-K) at three growth stages elevated K utilization efficiency of submerged rice. © 2021, Sociedad Chilena de la Ciencia del Suelo.
Monitoring of groundwater quality with respect to fluoride contamination around Hindalco Industries Ltd. Renukut, Sonbhadra district, Uttar Pradesh, India
(Technoscience Publications, 2016) Shishu Pal Singh; Sandeep Kumar Tripathi; Vimal Kumar; Priyankar Raha
In the era of industrial advancement, fluoride is mainly contributed through runoff and leaching of phosphate fertilizers in agricultural land and liquid waste from industrial sources. Persistent use of fluoride contaminated coal in the thermal power plants and aluminium smelter plant can also heavily contribute fluoride in the groundwater. Since there are no major studies in the recent past, the present study was carried out to understand the groundwater quality in the investigated area. Groundwater samples were collected from 25 different locations around aluminium smelter plant from wells, shallow hand pump and deep hand pump during the month of June to September 2008 in Renukut district Sonbhadra for determining various parameters (pH, EC, Cl-, Ca2+, Mg2+ ,Na+, CO3 2-, HCO3-, Total Dissolved Solids, fluoride). The fluoride content in groundwater of Renukut ranged from 1.23 to 2.79 mg/L with average of 1.82 mg/L. 95% of the groundwater samples in the study area had crossed the permissible limit of fluoride in drinking water i.e., 1.5mg/L. The fluoride contamination to the groundwater during the post-monsoon season is mainly due to the seepage, moving and percolation of fluoride contaminated water nearby aluminium smelter plant and dissolution of fluoride bearing mineral under alkaline condition is the major source of fluoride in groundwater.
Nitrate pollution in the groundwater of different cropping systems of Varanasi district, Uttar Pradesh, India
(Technoscience Publications, 2015) Mahendra Prasad; Priyankar Raha
The occurrence of high nitrate levels in groundwater has to be recognized as a threat to humans and animals. Infant methaemoglobinaemia and nitrate poisoning in livestock occur at unexpected times and places. Nitrate pollution in the groundwater is one of the major pollution problems. In the last few decades nitrate concentration in groundwater has increased dramatically. Groundwater contamination by nitrate (NO3-) is a global problem and is most often associated with leachates derived from fertilizers and animal or human wastes. The study presented here was carried out in Varanasi district. The nitrate content in water was investigated during premonsoon (March-April, 2013) and postmonsoon (November-December, 2013) seasons and compared with the standard values given by WHO. Eighty four, from different cropping systems (i.e. rice-wheat, rice-vegetable, vegetable-vegetable, pulse-pulse, orchard and sugarcane) groundwater samples were collected from the bore wells. The analysis of nitrate in these water samples reveals that some villages have a high concentration of nitrate, exceeding permissible limits of WHO (45 mg/L), which is due to the more than the required quantity of nitrogen based fertilizers, water, manure and pesticides are used extensively which all contribute to the non point source contamination of nitrates in groundwater of the study area.
Optimizing Marketable Tuber Production in Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) with Irrigation and Biostimulants Application
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2025) Vimal Kumar; Priyankar Raha; Chandrabhan Patel; Dharmendra Kumar Verma; Anshuman K. Kohli; Anshuman K. Singh; Duniya Ram Singh
A field study was conducted to evaluate the combined effects of irrigation scheduling and amino acid-based biostimulants (AAB) on the growth and yield of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) under Inceptisol conditions in the Middle Gangetic Plain, Uttar Pradesh, India, during two consecutive rabi seasons. The experiment followed a split-plot design with three irrigation regimes: I1 (three irrigations at three growth stages), I2 (four irrigations at four stages), and I3 (five irrigations at five stages), with 5 cm of water applied using a ridge-furrow system. Sub-plot treatments included four foliar biostimulant applications: control (A0), animal-based (A1), plant-based (A2), and a mixed amino acid formulation (A3), applied at key physiological stages. All biostimulants were applied in liquid form using a sprayer, diluted at a concentration of 250 mL per 100 L of water per hectare. Standard NPK fertilizer doses were applied, and soil properties were monitored before and after cultivation. Results indicated that both irrigation scheduling and AAB treatments significantly affected plant height, leaf area index (LAI), chlorophyll content, and marketable tuber yield across both years. Among the irrigation treatments, I2 resulted in the most favorable growth and yield parameters. The plant-based biostimulants (A2) consistently outperformed other AAB sources, significantly enhancing vegetative growth and tuber production. The I2A2 treatment combination yielded the highest values for plant height at 90 DAP (33.5 cm and 32.9 cm), LAI at 60 DAP (4.96 and 3.77), chlorophyll content at 30 DAP (43.77 and 44.62), and tuber yield per plant (255.00 g and 241.33 g) in the first and second field experiment, respectively. Significant interaction effects between irrigation levels and biostimulants types were observed for all measured parameters. These findings suggest that the strategic integration of a four-stage irrigation schedule with plant-derived AAB substantially improves marketable tuber yield by promoting vegetative growth and physiological performance in potato crops cultivated under Gangetic alluvial conditions. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to European Association for Potato Research 2025.
Raman Spectroscopy-Based Chemometrics for Pesticide Residue Detection: Current Approaches and Future Challenges
(American Chemical Society, 2024) Shailja Sharma; Stefan Kolašinac; Xingyi Jiang; Juan Gao; Deeksha Kumari; Shiva Biswas; Ujjal Kumar Sur; Zora Dajić-Stevanović; Qinchun Rao; Priyankar Raha; Santanu Mukherjee
Inappropriate pesticide usage leads to unsustainable agricultural practices and deteriorates the quality of fruits and vegetables by introducing potentially hazardous substances. Raman spectroscopy, specifically surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), offers high-sensitivity in situ monitoring of pesticide residues. This review emphasizes the importance of advanced databases and algorithms in interpreting Raman signals. Various statistical models are introduced for spectral analysis, including self-modeling curve resolution, multivariate curve resolution, and self-modeling mixture analysis. Additionally, this study provides comprehensive information on different SERS substrates and shows great potential in the determination of food pesticide residues. However, a multicomponent analysis is needed for pesticide mixtures. The overlapping of the bands needs to be considered due to the complex matrices of biological samples. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are applied as nonlinear models when the analytes are in a multicomponent mixture. Further research is needed to establish standardized protocols for SERS-based pesticide quantitative detection, including sample preparation and data analysis. © 2024 American Chemical Society
Replacement of Synthetic Nitrogenous Fertilizer by Human Hair Hydrolysates in Cultivation of Mung Bean (Vigna radiata L.)
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2022) Babu Lal Choudhary; Priyankar Raha; Arnab Kundu; Mukta Rani
Purpose: To explore the potential of alkali hydrolysis techniques for valorizing waste human hair (WHH) into nitrogenous fertilizer and evaluation of their impact on growth, yield of mung bean and its rhizospheric soil. Methods: WHH were thermochemically hydrolyzed by potassium hydroxide or mixed potassium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide solutions and resultant hydrolysates (HK and HKC, respectively) were treated as alternative source of nitrogenous fertilizer in different doses for cultivation of mung bean. Results: The results showed that alkali mediated human hair hydrolysates (HHH) were rich in N and S and among them HKC had significantly higher N content. Soil amendment of 8 mL of HKC solution (WHH and water in 1:10 ratio and pH was adjusted to 7.5) per pot resulted in 20 and 9% higher grain yield and protein content of mung bean, respectively over recommended dose of N fertilizer. Application of HHH also enhanced available nutrient (N, P, K and S) contents in soil. Conclusions: Our results suggested that alkali hydrolysis could be considered as an efficient valorization technique for WHH. Soil amendment of HKC render superior effects on growth and yield of mung bean in respect of recommended dose of N fertilizer and also maintain availability nutrients in soil. Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.] © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.
Spatial distribution, source apportionment and ecological risk assessment of residual organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in the Himalayas
(Springer Verlag, 2015) Ningombam Linthoingambi Devi; Ishwar Chandra Yadav; Priyankar Raha; Qi Shihua; Yang Dan
The Indian Himalayan Region (IHR) is one of the important mountain ecosystems among the global mountain system which support wide variety of flora, fauna, human communities and cultural diversities. Surface soil samples collected from IHR were analysed for 23 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs). The concentration of ∑OCPs ranged from 0.28 to 2143.96 ng/g (mean 221.54 ng/g) and was mostly dominated by DDTs. The concentration of ∑DDTs ranged from 0.28 to 2126.94 ng/g (mean 216.65 ng/g). Other OCPs such as HCHs, endosulfan and heptachlor, Aldrin and dieldrin were detected in lower concentration in IHR. Their concentrations in soil samples ranged from ND to 2.79 ng/g for HCHs, ND to 2.83 ng/g for endosulfans, NDto 1.46 ng/g for heptachlor, ND to 2.12 ng/g for Aldrin and ND to 1.81 ng/g for dieldrin. Spatial distribution of OCPs suggested prevalence of DDTs and HCHs at Guwahati and Itanagar, respectively. The close relationship between total organic carbon (TOC) and part of OCP compounds (especially α- and γ-HCH) indicated the important role of TOC in accumulation, binding and persistence of OCP in soil. Diagnostic ratio of DDT metabolites and HCH isomers showed DDT contamination is due to recent application of technical DDT and dicofol, and HCH contamination was due to mixture of technical HCH and lindane source. This was further confirmed by principal component analysis. Ecological risk analysis of OCP residues in soil samples concluded the moderate to severe contamination of soil. © 2015, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.