Browsing by Author "Puneet Kumar Singh"

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Effect of irrigation schedule and herbicides application on growth and productivity of wheat (Triticum aestivum) in semi-arid environment
(Indian Society of Agronomy, 2022) K. Lakra; Ram Pyare; Puneet Kumar Singh; Sunil Kumar Verma; Rajiv Kumar Singh; Pravin Kumar Upadhyay; Vishal Tyagi
A field experiment was conducted during the winter (rabi) season of 2017–18 and 2018–19 at Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, to study the influence of irrigation scheduling and weed-management practices on growth and productivity of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The experiment was laid out in split-plot design with 4 irrigation scheduling in main plot and 8 weed-management practices in subplots. Results revealed that, application of 5 irrigations at crown root initiation (CRI) + jointing + boot-ing+ flowering + milking stage resulted in the maximum plant height (79.9 cm at harvest), crop dry-matter accumulation (385.1 g/running m at harvest), number of leaves [230/running m at 80 days after sowing (DAS)], leaf area index (2.60 at 60 DAS), crop growth rate (4.09 g/m2 /day between 40-80 DAS), relative growth rate (2.66 g/g/day between 40-80 DAS), net assimilation rate (0.59 g/cm2 /day between 40-80 DAS) and the biological yield (6,899 kg/ha) over irrigation at CRI and active tillering stage and irrigation at CRI + jointing + booting, and it was statisti-cally at par with irrigation at CRI + active tillering + booting + flowering stage. Among herbicidal treatments, significantly maximum value of crop-growth parameters and biological yield (7007 kg/ha) was recorded with the application of carfentrazone ethyl 20% + sulfosulfuron 25% WG @ 100 g a.i./ha at 35 days after sowing (DAS) followed by clodinafop-propargyl 15% + metsulfuron methyl 1% @ 400 g a.i./ha 35 DAS compared to the other herbicidal treatments. But hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAS showed superiority to herbicidal treatments during both the years. © 2022, Indian Society of Agronomy. All rights reserved.
Evaluation of biomethane potential of codigested sheep manure and kitchen refuse
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023) Puneet Kumar Singh; Haragobinda Srichandan; Sanjay Kumar Ojha; Ritesh Pattnaik; Sunil Kumar Verma; Sreyasi Pal; Jagriti Singh; Snehasish Mishra
A study on the biomethanation potential of codigested sheep manure (SM) and kitchen refuse (KR) was carried out. Both the substrates varied in their C:N ratio, cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin contents, although they had very similar moisture and volatile solid (VS) contents. Anaerobic codigestion to balance the C:N ratio thereby making the process more efficient to help enhance biomethanation is a universally accepted strategy. Various combinations (80:20, 60:40, 40:60, 20:80) were used for biogas production alongside pure SM (100:0) and KR (0:100) to arrive at an efficient ratio using the digested slurry from an active biodigestor as the microbial inoculum. A 40-day experiment was set at 40 °C and pH 7.0 initial conditions, and the effect of the codigestion on the pH, volatile fatty acids (VFA) and the C:N ratio was evaluated. It was observed that the biogas and methane generation were maximal at SM:KR::40:60 combination with 7.0–7.5 pH, 23.3 C:N ratio, and a balanced VFA production and utilisation. The maximum cumulative biogas and methane generated were 2575 mL and 1660 mL, and the calculated biogas and methane generation based on the VS content were 209.35 and 135.13 mL/g VS. Based on the results obtained from the study, it is suggested that sheep manure and kitchen refuse codigestion could help enhance biogas production at 40:60 combination. Although reports on codigestion of other such biogasifiable substrates exist, similar studies could be tried for numerous other nonconventional organic biogasifiable substrates to validate their biomethanation potentials and enhancements. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
Productivity and Profitability of Irrigated Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) are Influenced by Irrigation Scheduling and Weed Management Approaches
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023) Kairovin Lakra; Karam Husain; Ram Pyare; Sunil K. Verma; Ram Swaroop Meena; Puneet Kumar Singh; Ahmed Gaber; Akbar Hossain
In all wheat growing regions of the world, wWater constraint and weed infestation are the main biological obstacles to increased wheat productivityy. This study may assist to enhance recommendations for controlling weeds in wheat and act as a guide for Northern Indian irrigated wheat. Therefore, four irrigation levels and eight weed management practices in wheat were under-taken in a split-plot design in four replication. The treatments consisted of four irrigation timing viz., irrigation at CRI and active tillering stage (I1), irrigation at CRI + jointing + booting (I2), CRI + active tillering + booting + flowering stage (I3) and irrigation at CRI + jointing + booting + flowering + milking stage (I4) were laid out to main plots and weeding regimes viz., W1-weedy check, W2-two hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAS, W3-sulfosulfuron 25% WG (75 g ha−1 at 35 DAS), W4-pendimethalin 1000 g ha−1 (pre-emergence) fb clodinafop-propargyl 15% (400 g ha−1 at 35 DAS), W5-carfentrazone ethyl 20% + sulfosulfuron 25%WG (100 g ha−1 at 35 DAS), W6-halauxafen + penxasulam 23.5% (75 g ha−1 at 35 DAS), W7-halauxafen—methyl 1.21% w/w + fluroxypyr (80 g ha−1 at 35 DAS) and W8-clodinafop-propargyl 15% + metsulfuron methy l 1% (400 g ha−1 35 DAS) were allocated to subplots. After two years of study, it was observed that the application of irrigation at the crown root initiation (CRI) stage and tillering stage showed a lower density and weed biomass, leading to the highest WCE. Five irrigations at CRI + jointing + booting + flowering + milking stage resulted in the maximum yield attributes, yield and economic returns. Among the herbicides applied manely: sulfosulfuron 25%WG (75 g ha−1 at 35 DAS), pendimethalin 1000 g ha−1 (pre-emergence) fb clodinafop-propargyl 15% (400 g ha−1 at 35 DAS), carfentrazone ethyl 20% + sulfosulfuron 25%WG (100 g ha−1 at 35 DAS), halauxafen + penxasulam 23.5% (75 g ha−1 at 35 DAS), halauxafen—methyl 1.21% w/w + fluroxypyr (80 g ha−1 at 35 DAS) and clodinafop-propargyl 15% + metsulfuron methy l 1% (400 g ha−1 35 DAS); carfentrazone ethyl 20% + sulfosulfuron 25%WG at 100 g ha−1 at 35 DAS significantly reduced weed infestation and resulted in the highest yield and economic returns, followed by clodinafop-propagyl 15% + metsulfuron 1% 400 g ha−1 at 35 DAS. Therefore, this experiment supports to find-out the relationship between irrigation and weed management to enhance wheat yield. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Deutschland, part of Springer Nature.