Browsing by Author "R. Arutselvan"

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Bacillus subtilis-Mediated Induction of Disease Resistance and Promotion of Plant Growth of Vegetable Crops
(Springer, 2024) Sumit Kumar; Anjali; R. Arutselvan; Prahlad Masurkar; Udai B. Singh; Ruchi Tripathi; Ingudam Bhupenchandra; Tatiana Minkina; Chetan Keswani
Vegetable crops are the major nutrient source of food worldwide and are considered as perishable crops compared to cereal, oilseed, and legume crops. They play a crucial role in daily human life because they contain a plethora of immunity-boosting compounds like vitamins, proteins, carbohydrates, and crucial macro- and micronutrients important for human life. India contributes 16% global vegetable crop production, making it as second-largest producer globally. Vegetable crop production is significantly limited because, during their whole lives, they are attacked by an armada of noxious pathogens that reduce quality and quantity as well as suppress the current food supply. Synthetic chemicals are frequently used, which has detrimental impacts on macro- and microflora as well as the environment and human wellbeing. A continuous increment in the population of resistant pathogens to chemicals puts pressure on pathologists to investigate novel, sustainable, and best alternative methods to combat dangerous microbes. From the various kinds of plant disease management prospects, the implication of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, i.e. PGPRs, is becoming an effective substitute strategy worldwide because of their environmentally friendly nature. One of the most promising PGPRs representing sustainable agriculture growth is Bacillus subtilis, which has been suggested as a potential tool for combating harmful vegetable diseases with respect to promoting plant health and growth. B. subtilis has the ability to produce a diverse range of compounds to promote plant growth and suppress pathogen ingression, which makes it a potential candidate. Furthermore, B. subtilis enhances plant immunity against pathogen infection by triggering the response via induced systemic resistance (ISR). Additionally, B. subtilis promotes plant growth via different mechanisms of action, such as nitrogen fixation, phytohormonal production, and phosphate solubilisation. In this chapter, a comprehensive study on the application of B. subtilis has been emphasized, with a focus on uses in the promotion of plant growth and controlling vegetable crop health issues. It would undoubtedly assist vegetable growers in reducing their reliance on agrochemicals while also providing profound perceptions and highlights on the environmentally friendly management of vegetable diseases. Farmers will be benefitted from cost-effective management once they have a better understanding of the management strategy. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.
Role of plant secondary metabolites in defence and transcriptional regulation in response to biotic stress
(Elsevier B.V., 2023) Anjali; Sumit Kumar; Tulasi Korra; Rajneesh Thakur; R. Arutselvan; Abhijeet Shankar Kashyap; Yasser Nehela; Victor Chaplygin; Tatiana Minkina; Chetan Keswani
Secondary metabolites in plants have been recognized as a novel basis of potential bio-pesticides, paving the way for their use in sustainable agriculture. Plant secondary metabolites have pivotal roles in plant-pathogen interactions. Some important secondary metabolites of plants are terpenoids, flavanols, flavones, etc., are stress-inducible phytochemicals playing an important role in plant immune response development. Pathogen enters into host cell, multiply and utilise the biological mechanism of plants, causing a hazard to world food assembly. Under stressed circumstances, plants evolve a powerful and intricate system of growth and defensive action. On the other hand, transcription factors (TFs) assist host plants to counter adverse environments by acting as mediators of stress signal and regulating the stress-responsive gene expression. The transcriptional and post-transcriptional manipulation of transcriptional factors is capable of aid in molecular breeding and genetic modification meant for improved secondary metabolite synthesis. Although the presence of numerous secondary metabolites has been established in plant life, very slight is known about their interaction with pathogens and the specific mechanisms involved in leading to plant immunity. Chemical pesticides are wreaking havoc on our environment. As a consequence, environmental-friendly alternatives to disease management, like plant-based metabolites, should be explored. In this appraisal, we have reviewed plant secondary metabolites in relation to pathogens, their contribution to innate immunity, mechanism of action, and regulation of TFs in response to combating plant infections in an eco-friendly approach. © 2023 The Authors
Unraveling the Seed Bio-priming Contours for Managing Plant Health
(Springer, 2024) Sumit Kumar; R. Arutselvan; K. Greeshma; Shrey Bodhankar; A.U. Akash; Vurukonda Sai Shiva Krishna Prasad; Yasser Nehela; Udai B. Singh; Ingudam Bhupenchandra; Arnab Sen; Laxman Singh Rajput; Marina Burachevskaya; Tatiana Minkina; Chetan Keswani
From germination to maturity, crops face myriad stresses thereby threatening food security. The foundation of modern agriculture rests on the status of seed health and resilience. Hence, developing highly efficient, low-cost, farmer-friendly, and sustainable approaches for improving seed health and performance under both field and greenhouse conditions. Seed bio-priming with plant beneficial microorganisms (++; mutualistic) improves the physiological, molecular, and stress tolerance functions of the seeds. This process allows the microorganisms adhere to the seed coat and establish an early relationship with the radicle, thereby forming the first line of defense against any external threat. Seeds bio-primed by mutualistic rhizomicroorganisms stimulate plant immunity by inducing the biosynthesis of defense-related proteins, phytohormones, antioxidants, polyphenols, etc. This review maps the various functional and applied aspects of seed bio-priming on the overall plant health under stressed environments. Furthermore, it critically examines the modulation of biochemical and molecular mechanisms for establishing redox homeostasis. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.