Browsing by Author "R.G. Singh"

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A preliminary study on the significant value of beta-2-microglobulin over serum creatinine in renal transplant rejection and renal failure
(2008) G.K. Sonkar; Usha; R.G. Singh
Introduction: Beta-2-microglobulin (β2M) is a light chain of HLA class I molecule, which is filtered by glomerulus, reabsorbed and catabolised by proximal tubule. It is one of the markers of transplant rejection. The aim of the present study was to find out the level of β2M in acute renal failure (ARF), chronic renal failure (CRF), renal transplant rejection (TR) and renal transplantation stable (TS) cases, and correlation of β2M with serum creatinine (SCr) in assessing renal failure. Methods: 23 patients with ARF, 22 patients with CRF, six cases of TR, seven patients with TS, and 28 normal healthy controls were studied within a one-year period. Results: Highest mean value of β2M was noted (12.97 +/- 3.83 μg/ml) in CRF, and all cases had elevated β2M of which 81.8 percent of cases had β2M above 10 μg/ml. In ARF, all cases had elevated β2M and 78.3 percent patients had a value more than 10 μg/ml with a mean value of 11.75 +/- 2.09 μg/ml. TR cases also had elevated β2M but 50 percent had mild elevation (less than 10 μg/ml) and 50 percent had marked elevation (more than 10 μg/ml). 42.8 percent of TS patients also had mild elevation of β2M in the range 2.10-3.70 μg/ml. Interestingly, in normal healthy controls, 21.4 percent of patients had mild elevation of β2M of 2.1-2.75 μg/ml, while 78.6 percent of cases had a normal range of β2M (less than 2 μg/ml). All normal healthy controls and 71.4 percent of TS cases had normal SCr (less than 1.4 mg/dL). All cases of CRF and TR cases, and 28.6 percent of TS cases had elevated SCr. 81.8 percent of cases with CRF and 60.9 percent of cases with ARF had a marked rise of serum creatinine above 5 mg/dL. Conclusion: Our study showed that β2M is not superior over SCr for renal failure and TR cases, because it is also elevated in 21.4 percent of normal controls and 42.8 percent of TS cases. SCr is a cheaper, simpler and comparatively good test to assess renal failure and TR.
A short-term evaluative study of diabetic nephropathy patients
(2012) Archana Vaishya; R.N. Mishra; R.G. Singh; K.S. Piplani
Background: Rising diabetes incidence globally and consequently diabetic nephropathy is a major concern. Being chronic disease patients are continuously monitored. Clinical improvement of major sign/symptoms in short course of therapy may lead to satisfaction of the patient's that will increase better compliance to the treatment. Objective: To evaluate signs/symptoms and GFR status of diabetic nephropathy patient in short course of treatment therapy and nutritional management Material & Methods: All 170 incident cases of diabetic nephropathy (DN) based on glomerular filtration rate and creatinine level registered on pre-fixed dates during May 2007 to May 2010, but 127 followed inclusion criteria. Patients were recorded for demographic, biological & biochemical characteristics and presenting major sign/symptoms at registration time; further, evaluated for presenting sign/symptoms after six months of medicine and dietary intervention. Statistical Analysis: Statistical significance for association was tested by x 2 (unrelated samples) and McNemar (related samples) and for the differences of number of signs/symptoms by Mann Whitney (unrelated samples) and Wilcoxon Signed Rank tests (related samples). Results: No statistical association was seen between GFR status and presence of edema/swelling in any part of the body. After six months of treatment and dietary management, the edema/swelling presenting in 69.6% of the cases was found only in 33.3%. Pedal edema was found in 43.1%; while either eye lid or facial swelling was in 12.9% of the cases but after six months of drug treatment and dietary care these were present only in 18.6% and 3.9% cases respectively. GFR status of one third cases also improved after 6 months, while 57.8% were unchanged; very few (9.8%) deteriorated. The GFR improvement was more in cases reporting with GFR 60 and above. Conclusion: Though, for the drug compliance and dietary intake patient's statement was believed, after six months of treatment and dietary care, edema/swelling, the major signs/symptoms of diabetic nephropathy that reduced significantly and moreover on an average one third reduction of all signs/symptoms among the cases may satisfy the cases resulting to better compliance to drug and dietary management. Better improvement in cases with higher GFR indicated that early detection of diabetic nephropathy cases is essential.
A tribute to nutrio-diabetologist; Shanti S. Rastogi MBBS, MD, FRCP, FICN, FICC
(Bentham Science Publishers, 2014) Ram B. Singh; Amrat K. Singh; Hideki Mori; Daniel Pella; Tapan K. Basu; Lech Ozimek; Shailendra K. Vajpeyee; Douglas W. Wilson; Fabien De Meester; Krasimira Hristova; Lekh Juneja; Sukhinder Kaur; Manohar Garg; Toru Takahashi; Adarsh Kumar; Rajiv Garg; Nirankar S. Neki; R.G. Singh; Sharad Rastogi
[No abstract available]
Advances in nephrology
(1999) R.G. Singh; G. Prasad; Usha
[No abstract available]
An experimental evaluation of possible teratogenic potential in Boerhaavia diffusa in albino rats
(1991) A. Singh; R.G. Singh; R.H. Singh; N. Mishra; N. Singh
The present study was undertaken to evaluate any possibility of teratogenic effects in Boerhaavia diffusa (Punarnava), a widely used herbal medicine for renal and urinary tract diseases by Ayurvedic physicians in India. The ethanolic extract of Boerhaavia diffusa (BDE) was administered daily in a dose of 250 mg/kg, body weight p.o., to pregnant albino female rats during the entire period of gestation. BDE was found to be devoid of any teratogenic effect as litter size and survival rate of foetuses were the same as for the normal control group and no foetal anomaly could be detected.
An unusual case of Acanthamoeba peritonitis in a malnourished patient on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD).
(2008) Ragini Tilak; R.G. Singh; I.A. Wani; A. Parekh; J. Prakash; Usha Usha
An unusual case of peritonitis in a 61-year-old patient is reported where culture for bacteria and fungi were negative. Acanthamoeba was isolated and the patient was treated with Ceftazidine, Cefazolin, Levofloxacin, Fluconazole and Rifampicin with regular haemodialytic support. The patient was completely cured of the infection and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) fluid became clear after 2 weeks of treatment. Diagnosis and treatment of Acanthamoeba infections are difficult due to the rarity of the infections, lack of familiarity of most clinicians with disease syndromes, and limitations of therapeutics options. Even an experienced microbiologist can easily mistake the amoebae in ascitic fluid for peritoneal macrophages or lymphocytes.
Ascorbic acid status in uremics.
(1992) R.G. Singh; A.K. Gupta; S.S. Dubey; Usha; M.R. Sharma
Plasma levels of ascorbic acid (AA) and dehydroascorbic acid (DHA) were estimated in 27 patients of end stage renal failure (ESRF) on standard conservative therapy (group A) and 9 patients of ESRF on maintenance haemodialysis (MHD; group B). Fourteen healthy subjects matched for age and sex served as control (group C). The dietary intake of vitamin C was significantly decreased in group A than in group B compared to control. Similarly, plasma AA was significantly lowered to 0.801 +/- 0.283 mg per cent in group A compared to 1.421 +/- 0.47 mg per cent in control. While it was just lowered to 1.058 +/- 0.272 mg per cent in group B. Although plasma level of DHA was raised to 0.243 +/- 0.486 mg per cent and 0.166 +/- 0.54 mg per cent in groups A and B respectively, the increase was not statistically significant. In our present study, the DHA/AA ratio was found to be inversely proportional to the plasma AA. Further, this ratio has been claimed to be a better indicator of overall reducing atmosphere (i.e., profile of vitamin C) of the body.
Comparative evaluation of fosinopril and herbal drug Dioscorea bulbifera in patients of diabetic nephropathy.
(2013) R.G. Singh; M. Rajak; B. Ghosh; Usha; A. Agrawal; G.P. Dubey
Worldwide, diabetic nephropathy is one of the leading causes of end-stage renal failure. This hospital-based single-center prospective open-label randomized case-control interventional study was performed to evaluate and compare the native drug Dioscorea bulbifera with fosinopril in the management of diabetic nephropathy. Patients with diabetic nephropathy with proteinuria >500 mg/day or albuminuria >300 mg/ day, S Cr ≤2.5 mg/dL and hypertension controlled with a single drug were included into the study and were divided into three groups according to the interventional drugs that they were given; group A (n = 46) on fosinopril (5-40 mg/day), group B (n = 45) on Dioscorea bulbifera (500 mg BD) and group C (n = 46) on neither of these drugs. All necessary laboratory investigations needed to assess the effect of both the drugs were carried out. Patients were followed-up for six months. The study included 137 patients (M:F 2.61:1) with an age range of 19-76 years. At the sixth-month follow-up, a significant decrease in the systolic blood pressure was noted in all three groups whereas the diastolic blood pressure decreased significantly only in group B. There was significantly better control of both systolic and diastolic blood pressures in group B than in the other groups. Although fasting blood sugar was poorly controlled in the initial visit in all three groups, there was a significant decrease at the sixth-month follow-up in all three groups. Moreover, the decrease was significantly more pronounced in group B than in the other two groups. Low-density lipoprotein decreased significantly only in group B. Proteinuria, serum transforming growth factor-β, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein decreased in both group A and group B, more so in the latter, but the differences between the groups were not statistically significant. Importantly, proteinuria and serum IL-6 showed an increasing trend in group C. It can be concluded that Dioscorea bulbifera was more effective than fosinopril in controlling blood pressure, glycemia, cholesterolemia and inflammatory state in diabetic nephropathy. Both agents decreased proteinuria. However, creatinine clearance significantly decreased with both the drugs, more so with Dioscera, and thus further evaluation with a larger trial is needed.
Comparison of conventional straight and swan-neck straight catheters inserted by percutaneous method for continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis: a single-center study
(Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2015) Shivendra Singh; Jai Prakash; R.G. Singh; P.K. Dole; Pragya Pant
Objective: To evaluate the incidence of mechanical and infectious complications of conventional straight catheter (SC) versus swan-neck straight catheter (SNSC) implanted by percutaneous method. Patient and methods: We retrospectively analyzed 45 catheter insertions being done by percutaneous method from January 1, 2011, to May 31, 2014. SC was inserted in 24 patients, and SNSC was inserted in 21 patients. Baseline characteristics for the two groups were similar with respect to age, sex and diabetic nephropathy as the cause for end-stage renal disease. Results: Incidence of mechanical and infectious complications in SNSC group was found to be low as compared to the SC group and was statistically significant (1 in 11.6 patient months vs. 1 in 14.4 patient months, p = 0.02). Catheter migration was found to be the most common mechanical complication (20 %), and peritonitis was found to be the most common infectious complication in conventional SC group (27 episodes in 420 patient months vs. 11 episodes in 333 patient months, p = 0.03). The incidence of exit site and tunnel infection rates revealed no difference between the groups. Conclusion: SNSC insertion by percutaneous method is associated with low mechanical and infectious complications. © 2015, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.
Crescentic glomerulonephritis in association with traumatic arteriovenous fistula following gun shot injury
(1998) H. Kumar; R.G. Singh; Jai Prakash; Usha; C.R. Kar; K.S. Basavaraj
[No abstract available]
Diet in renal patients part-II: For patients on dialysis
(1999) R.G. Singh; G. Prasad; Usha
Malnutrition is frequently prevalent in ESRD patients. This is clearly related to multiple factors encountered during the predialysis stage, as well as during maintenance dialysis therapy. A body of evidence highlights the existence of relationship between malnutrition and outcome in this patient population. The early appreciation of the problem of deficiency of macro or micronutrients in these patients and their timely correction is key to success in terms of well being of patient and long term survival.
Evaluation of serum tumor necrosis factor alpha and its correlation with histology in chronic kidney disease, stable renal transplant and rejection cases.
(2009) Gyanendra Kumar Sonkar; R.G. Singh
Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) is a cytokine secreted by macrophages, helper T cells, natural killer cells, B lymphocytes and non lymphoid cells e.g. endothelial cells, fibroblast and tumor cell lines. Aim of the study was to find the utility of TNF alpha in diagnosing renal transplant rejection among the renal transplant cases (n=29), and comparison with the levels in patients on maintenance hemodialysis (n=21) and healthy controls (n=20). TNF alpha in healthy controls varied from 2 to 15 pg/mL. In chronic renal failure and renal transplant rejection cases TNF alpha was above 45 pg/mL. In stable renal transplant patients it was higher than normal (16 to 30 pg/mL). In both acute and chronic transplant rejection TNF alpha increase correlated well with histology. Thus our study suggests that TNF alpha level more than 45 pg/mL can be taken as an immunological marker of renal transplant rejection.
Foreword
(Springer India, 2014) R.G. Singh
[No abstract available]
High altitude changes in mountaineers part B: Trace proteinuria in student mountaineers
(1988) R.G. Singh; Usha; M. Singh; A.K. Srivastava
Urinary protein excretion was recorded in student mountaineers of Banaras Hindu University during expedition II, III and IV of the University mountaineering centre. 19, 22 and 23 members participated in the second, third and fourth expeditions respectively. Proteinuria in traces was noted in 2 (10.52%), 3 (13.63%) and 3 (13.04%) students on expedition II, III and IV and all these students were passing more than 150 mg% of protein per day on protein quantitation. Only one student on the third expedition had biochemical hypoalbuminemia (S. albumin 2.8 Gm%). No evidence of a significant celluria or crystalluria was noticed and only 1 and 2 patients on the third and fourth expeditions were passing hyaline casts (4 to 5/HPF) in the urine.
High altitude changes in mountaineers. Part A: Overnight urinary volume and some serum values in mountaineers during active expedition
(1988) Usha; R.G. Singh; K. Anubha; K.G. Singh
The study included student mountaineers at Banaras Hindu University who attended the II, III and IV mountaineering expedition of the University of in the 'Lahaul Spithi' district of Himanchal Pradesh. Participants included 19, 22 and 23 members respectively. The mean serum urea levels recorded at 6000, 12,000 and 18,000 feet were 20.35 ± 2.12, 23.25 ± 3.04 and 27.70 ± 3.64 mg% respectively. The respective mean serum creatinine values were 0.76 ± 0.14, 0.87 ± 0.13 and 1.064 ± 0.12 mg% at the 3 above mentioned heights. The 12 hour overnight urinary output had increased progressively with the height up to the 12,000 feet in 15 (78.94%), 16 (72.72%) and 18 (78.26%) cases respectively and decreased in the majority at and near the submit. The mean overnight volume was 866.24 ± 199.52 ml, 105826 ± 205.51 and 700.70 ± 149.37 ml at 6,000, 12,000 and 18,000 feet respectively.
Histological changes in lungs at high altitude
(1984) R.G. Singh; N.K. Agrawal; K.G. Singh
[No abstract available]
History of medicine from ancient times to present
(Elsevier, 2024) Ram B. Singh; J.P. Sharma; Galaleldin Nagib Elkilany; Jan Fedacko; Krasimira Hristova; Ibrahim Kabbash; Mohammad Ismaeil El-Shafey; Shabnam Omidvar; Hseam Shahrajabian; Mojgan Khatibi; Sara Sarrafi Zadigan; Shridhar Dwivedi; Manal M.A. Smail; Kamala K. Tripathi; R.G. Singh; Pawan K. Singal; Suresh Tyagi; Hosna Motamedian; Daniel Pella
In the prehistoric Harrapan culture of India, before and after 2000 BCE, there was the system of medicine with professional healers, sanitation and hygiene. The people of Indus Valley Civilization, even from the early Harappan periods (3300 BCE), had knowledge of medicine and dentistry. There is evidence that teeth having been drilled, dating back 7000 BCE. India has a rich, heritage of medical and health sciences in the Vedic period, due to a separate medicinal branch of medical science “Ayurveda”. It was so much evolved and practiced that some scholars considered it as the fifth Veda, when Medicine was evolving in other countries. (https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/59913/6/06_chapter%202.pdf). It seems that the history of medicine including anatomy in India traces from the Paleolithic Age to the Indus Valley Civilization and the Vedic Times. However, the progress in Ayurveda declined during the Islamic Dynasties and the modern Colonial Period. © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.
Holistic approaches for health education and health promotion
(Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2017) Arunporn Itharat; Toru Takahashi; R.G. Singh; R.B. Singh; Krisana Krisentu; Raima Lobenberg; Hiroshi Noguchi; Ibrahim Jantan; Telessy G. Istvan; Douglas W. Wilson; Sergey Shastun; H.S. Buttar; Galal Elkilany; Krasimira Hristova; Germaine Cornélissen; Laila Hussain; Ahmad Sulaeman; Mukta Singh; R.K. Srivastav
Modern approaches: moderate physical activity, a functional food-rich diet, reduction of body weight, control of blood pressure and blood lipids by drug therapy, cessation of tobacco and alcohol use, for health promotion and prevention of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) have only partial benefit on future risk of these diseases, despite the high health budget in high-income countries. Holistic approaches to health education and holistic health may provide better health and may be more successful in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and other chronic diseases. There is evidence that psychosocial stress, late night sleep and late night eating, as well as sleep deprivation, deficiency of nutrients such as omega-3 fatty acids, vitamins and flavonoids can have adverse effects on brain-body mechanisms, resulting in obesity and insulin resistance, leading to CVDs and other chronic diseases. However, active prayer, kirtan krea, verbalization, yogasan and meditation, along with Mediterranean style-functional food-rich diet as well as nutraceuticals and herbs may be protective against NCDs. © 2017 Nova Science Publishers, Inc.
Human ENPP1 gene polymorphism in DKD patients: a hospital-based case control study
(Springer, 2021) S. Chandra; A.K. Singh; M. Singh; P. Pandey; C.S. Azad; S. Singh; P. Das; R.G. Singh
Aim: The aim of present study was to investigate the association of the ENPP1 (K121Q) gene polymorphism with DKD in eastern Uttar Pradesh population. Methods: A total of 162 DKD and 155 apparently healthy controls were enrolled and K121Q polymorphism was determined by PCR-RFLP followed by sequencing. Results: It was observed that genotype KQ was more frequent in patients than controls and allelic frequencies of Q allele were higher in DKD (Q 21.3%) than control (Q 15.81%). It depicted that Q allele may be associated with DKD patient and has more risk in eastern UP population. Conclusion: The study indicated a significant association of KQ polymorphism of the ENPP1 gene with DKD in the eastern Uttar Pradesh population. © 2020, Research Society for Study of Diabetes in India.
Immunity and common infections in elderly
(1999) Usha; T. Sharma; D.S. Singh; I.S. Gambhir; R.G. Singh
[No abstract available]