Browsing by Author "R.K. Agrawal"

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Continuous intraperitoneal lavage in secondary diffuse peritonitis
(1983) S. Gupta; R.K. Agrawal; A. Kumar
Fifty cases of diffuse peritonitis following perforation of the gastrointestinal tract due to various etiologies were treated by continuous postoperative peritoneal lavage in conjunction with conventional surgical management. The solution used was peritoneal dialysis fluid to which 4 mEq. of potassium chloride and 1000 mg. of amphicillin per liter were added. Lavage was maintained for a period of 48-72 hours. This proved to be a safe and highly effective procedure in reducing the mortality rate, incidence of postoperative complications and the duration of hospital stay in these seriously ill patients.
Estimation of genetics and heterosis for yield components in indica rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars
(Gaurav Publications, 2013) M.K. Singh; R.P. Singh; Prakash Singh; S.P. Singh; R.K. Agrawal; C. Sen
An experiment comprising 39 rice entries (28 F1S hybrids and 11 parents including check) was conducted to examine the extent of genetic parameters (such as variability, heritability, genetic advance, degree of dominance, etc.) and various heterosis in order to identify the promising hybrids for yield and yield attributes. The analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences among treatments for all the traits. Heritability (ns) estimates and expected genetic advance (GA) in response to selection for next generation were high for all desirable traits. It indicated the influence of additive gene action. Assessment of heterobeltiosis (over better parent) and standard heterosis based on check (NDR 97) showed significant heterosis for yield traits in all hybrids. Heterobeltiosis and standard heterosis varied from -40.50 to 14.59% and 10.62 to 86.20% for grain yield per plant, -15.22 to 24.75 and 8.38 to 35.59% for 1000-grain weight, -33.89 to 42.17 and -21.71 to 59.12% for number of effective tillers per plant, and -22.17 to 11.45 and 12.43 to 52.15% for days to maturity, respectively. The most desirable cross combination Anjali x MTU 7029 for grain yield per plant showed desirable heterobeltiosis and standard heterosis for 1000- grain weight, days to maturity, number of effective tillers per plant and panicle length.
Genetic architecture of yield and yield components in indigenous aromatic rice (Oryza sativa L.)
(2012) A.K. Srivastava; H.K. Jaiswal; R.K. Agrawal; R.P. Singh
Parental, F1, F2, BC1 and BC2 generations of five crosses involving indigenous aromatic rice cultivars were subjected to generation mean analysis to study the genetics of seven yield and yield components. It was observed that ĥ, î and l were significant for all the yield traits studied except ĥ for 100 - grain weight and î and l for plant height. Also d was significant for all the yield components except plant height and yield/plant. Further, ĵ was significant for plant height and main panicle length. Thus, for all the yield traits, additive and dominance gene effects as well as epistatic interactions were present indicating complex inheritance of the traits. This necessitates improvement of individual characters separately based on the nature of gene action. Exploitation of additive gene effect should be carried out following pedigree method of selection. For crosses and characters where both additive and non-additive gene effects were important, single plant selection can be postponed and biparental mating could be followed wherein a few cycles of crossing of promising segregants in F2 and onwards would help in the incorporation of desirable genes into a single genetic background. Diallel selective mating or reciprocal recurrent selection will be helpful in simultaneously exploiting both kinds of gene effects for improving the trait.
Genetics of ear traits and grain yield in quality protein maize (Zea mays L.)
(Indian Society of Plant Breeders, 2014) V.K. Agrawal; R.M. Singh; J.P. Shahi; R.K. Agrawal
Hayman's component analysis was employed to ascertain the gene actions conditioning the ear related traits viz., ear length, ear diameter, kernel rows per ear, kernels per row and grain yield per plant in quality protein maize.Eight yellow seeded quality protein maize (QPM) inbred lines were crossed in diallel mating design, including reciprocals. Theinbreds and their 56 crosses were evaluated in randomized block design with 3 replications across the three environments. Significant differences among genotypes observed for all the traits over the environments. Influence of epistasis found for all the traits in one or more seasons except ear length. Ear length exhibited importance of additive gene effects across the seasons. Over-dominance showed in all the characters. The range of narrow sense heritability was low over the environments for most of the traits i.e. for ear length (15.1-19.3%), ear diameter (12.1-17.7%), kernels per row(23.6-30.5%) and grain yield per plant (13.6-19.5%) whereas kernel rows per ear exhibited moderate narrow sense heritability ranging from 44.3-66.5% over the environments. In general, narrow sense heritability estimates were higher in rabi environment as compared to kharif environment. © Indian Society of Plant Breeders.
Inheritance of kernel quality attributes in quality protein maize (Zea mays L.)
(Indian Society of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 2015) V.K. Agrawal; R.M. Singh; J.P. Shahi; R.K. Agrawal; D.P. Chaudhary
Nature and magnitude of gene actions were studied employing Hayman’s component analysis, with 8 quality protein maize (QPM) inbred lines and their 56 diallel set of crosses including reciprocals. Kernels of each entry were subjected to analysis of endosperm modification (EM), endosperm protein content (EPR) and tryptophan content (TRP). Significant difference was observed among genotypes for the three traits. EM and TRP content exhibited importance of both additive and dominance components, whereas EPR exhibited prevalence of dominance gene effects. Average degree of dominance revealed partial to complete dominance for EM, whereas complete to overdominance was exhibited by TRP, over the seasons. EPR consistently showed over-dominance. The quality traits among QPM lines were observed to be controlled by 1-3 dominant genes/gene blocks. Heritability estimates ranged from 55-75.5% for EM, 32.2-51% for EPR and 35.3-60.6% for TRP over three seasons. © 2015, Indian Society of Genetics and Plant Breeding. All rights reserved.
Mechanism of ribosomal subunit association: oligodeoxynucleotides as probes.
(1992) R.K. Agrawal; A. De; D.P. Burma
From the kethoxal treatment data [Herr, W.; Chapman, N.M.; Noller, H.F. (1979) J. Mol. Biol. 130, 433-439] some regions of ribosomal RNAs are thought to be responsible for the association of 30S and 50S ribosomes of E. coli to form 70S ribosomes. In order to test this possibility about a dozen oligodeoxynucleotides complementary to the suspected regions of rRNAs were synthesised. Their association with ribosomes and naked rRNAs was tested by the gel filtration technique. In order to check the effects on the ribosomal subunit association or rRNA association either intact 30S and 50S ribosomes or naked 16S and 23S rRNAs were preincubated with the individual oligodeoxynucleotide and its effect was checked by density gradient centrifugation followed by UV absorbance monitoring. Some oligodeoxynucleotides interfered with either subunit association or 16S RNA and 23S RNA association, some with both. These data clearly indicate that RNA-RNA interaction plays the major role in ribosomal subunit association.
Pubomyoaponeurotic foramen and posterior groin plait for groin hernia
(2003) O.P. Sudrania; R.K. Agrawal; Samar Deb; A.K. Khanna
Sir Astley Paston Cooper stated in 1804 that a sound knowledge of proper anatomy of hernia is vital. But even in the succeeding two centuries, the confusion has only multiplied by varied and overly enthusiastic descriptions, some speculative and others real, by different workers. An attempt has been made to highlight the size of the controversies surrounding the anatomical structures forming the inguinal canal and groin. The inguinal and femoral hernias should be viewed collectively as one entity and together be called groin hernias. Therefore, the passage for their superficial emergence through the anterior abdominal wall is redefined and is called pubomyoaponeurotic foramen. It is uniformly accepted that the strong posterior wall of the groin area is the only preventive factor towards the emergence of hernia; it has been renamed as posterior groin plait. Therefore, proper understanding of its structure towards effective repair and reinforcement is the only safe method, whether the procedure is carried out by anterior or posterior route or laparoscopically. Hence, an attempt has been made to elucidate its true structure. In spite of so many descriptions, the exact anatomy of hernia is yet to be resolved. © Springer-Verlag 2003.
Studies on epistasis and inheritance of yield and quality traits in rice (Oryza sativa L.) employing triple test cross analysis over the years
(2006) R.K. Agrawal; S.P. Singh; H.N. Yadav; R.P. Singh
Triple test cross analysis in rice was carried out for detection of epistasis and inheritance study of some of the quantitative and quality traits over the years. Eleven diverse lines and three testers were used to produce 33 crosses. All the traits exhibited non-significant hybrid x year interaction except water uptake number. There was practically no role of epistatic gene action in the inheritance of most of the traits except plant height and water uptake number which showed significant epistasis (i, J + 1). Days to maturity, number of effective tillers per plant and panicle length showed greater importance of additive gene action than dominance gene action. Traits namely; test weight, alkali digestion value and volume expansion exhibited greater magnitude of dominance genetic variance compare to additive genetic variance. Most of the quantitative traits exhibited partial dominance, whereas over dominance was noticed for qualitative traits. Grain yield per plant exhibited complete dominance and fixable type of epistasis (i).