Browsing by Author "R.K. Dubey"

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An observational study of the risk factors and incidence of invasive fungal infections in ICU patients
(2013) AnilK Paswan; Dinesh C. Raju; D.K. Singh; R.K. Dubey; Pankaj K. Mishra
Background: The fungal infections have become a persistent health problem, still always remain under reported. A change in species distribution has been observed now a days with the emergence of many non-albicans candida species. Objective: Our study aimed at evaluating the incidence of invasive Candidiasis (Candida albicans and non-albicans) and to assess the risk factors and predictors of mortality in seriously ill patients. Methodology: This prospective, observational study was conducted at Division of Intensive Care Unit, Institute of Medical Science, BHU, Varanasi (India), during the period of 2009 to 2011. Patients with >8 out of 16 risk factors, e.g. prolonged antibiotic use, IV cannulation, steroid use etc, Candida scores (CS) > 2, Age >12 years and ICU stay >2 days were included in the study. Those with Candida scores > 3 were prophylactically given fluconazole. A case report performa was completed for each patient, including demographic characteristics, dates of hospital and ICU admission and of discharge, vital sign status at discharge, previous treatment with antibiotics or immunosuppressive agents, presence of risk factors. Patients were followed till discharge from the ICU or death. Results: Candida was isolated from blood in 53/206 patients. The P-value calculated in five risk groups, e.g. diabetics, patients receiving TPN, neutropenic patients, HIV and malignancy was significant (P<0.05). For all other risk factors P-value was >0.05. Over half of the Candida isolates recovered from blood were non-albicans species. The overall mortality in candidaemia patients was 37/53 (69.81%). Mortality was low with Candida tropicalis (57.7%) but number of patient was high among candida species. Conclusion: Multiple risk factors were found to be associated with invasive fungal infection in critically ill patients. In the ICU population studied, candidemia was due to non-albicans spp. The importance of Candida scores on predicting mortality was also observed.
Anemia a common aliment in women and its prevalence in ruler population: A random survey report
(Publishers, 2016) M. Dwivedi; S. Prakash; P.K. Singh; A. Kumar; R.K. Dubey; S. Tiwari
This study was conducted to assess the prevalence of anemia in women (15-60 years) in rural area of Varanasi district of Uttar Pradesh, India. Villages were randomly selected for this survey and 113 women were included. Mean Hemoglobin level in g/dL 9.5 respectively. A high prevalence of anaemia (68.04%) was observed in women of mixed vegetarian. Majority of the women were moderately anaemic (59.56%) and were under BMI18.5. Occurrence of anaemia in women was found to be inversely proportional to the literacy status. Statistically significant association (P <0.05) were found amongst anaemic antenatal women with their literacy status and BMI however statistically significant association was not found in various dietary factors.
Charge exchange collisions of H+/D+ ions with alkaline Earth atoms (Ca, Mg)
(Springer New York, 2007) M.K. Pandey; R.K. Dubey; D.N. Tripathi
The Classical Trajectory Monte Carlo (CTMC) Method has been used to calculate the differential, partial and total single electron capture cross sections for the collision of H+/D+ with Ca and Mg atoms in the energy range of 1-100 keV. The differential cross sections at angles near the diffraction limit (<0.1°) in both systems show a forward peak followed by an asymptotic fall at higher angles. Total and partial capture cross sections are found to be in good agreement with the experimental observations. Oscillations in the partial capture cross sections have been explained due to the swapping of the field electron. Isotope effect in the electron transfer is reported to be negligible. © 2006 EDP Sciences/Società Italiana di Fisica/Springer-Verlag.
Charge transfer in keV proton collision with atomic oxygen: Differential and total cross sections
(Springer New York, 2007) M.K. Pandey; R.K. Dubey; D.N. Tripathi
Classical Trajectory Monte Carlo method (CTMC) with the modal interaction potential [1] has been used to simulate the differential, total and partial capture cross sections in proton-oxygen atom collisions in the energy range of 0.5-200 keV. An interesting feature of the calculated differential cross sections (DCS) curve below the scattering angle 0.1° is the presence of oscillations showing asymmetry in angular positions. The oscillations in the partial cross sections are explained in terms of swapping effect. The DCS and total cross sections are found to be in good agreement with the experimental as well as other theoretical results. © 2007 EDP Sciences/Società Italiana di Fisica/Springer-Verlag.
Comparison between continuous propofol infusion & conventional balanced anaesthesia in neurosurgical patients
(2008) L.D. Mishra; S.K. Dube; S.N. Singh; R.K. Dubey
Background: Thiopentone induction and maintenance with an inhalational agent is widely used anaesthetic regimen in most operations including neurosurgeries. Propofol has a favourable effect on neurophysiology and its use during neurosurgeries is advantageous in terms of stable intraoperative vitals and excellent recovery profile. Our study aimed at comparing the conventional technique of thiopentone-isoflurane anaesthesia with propofol anaesthesia in neurosurgeries. Patients & Methods: One hundred twenty ASA grade I and II patients were randomly divided into two groups of sixty each. Group I (conventional ) patients were induced with 5 mg/kg thiopentone and vecuronium bromide and maintained on isoflurane in oxygen and nitrous oxide. Group II (propofol group) patients were induced with titrated dose of propofol (until the loss of verbal commands) and vecuronium bromide and maintained on continuous propofol infusion, oxygen and nitrous oxide. Pulse rates, arterial pressures, recovery profile and postoperative complications were observed. Results: Propofol preserved preoperative pulse rates and provided easily controllable and reversible lowering effect on the mean arterial pressure. Extubation time, sedation scores and PONV were all lesser in the propofol group. Conclusion: We conclude that propofol is good drug for induction & maintenance of general anaesthesia in neurosurgical patients.
Creation of underground chambers by blasting in rocksalt and associated problems
(Books & Journals Private Ltd, 1995) R.K. Dubey; R. Nath
Blasting for creation of underground chambers or to extract water soluble minerals like halite, carnelite, kieserite and anhydrite, etc., generally create lot of environmental, economic and strata control problems. Therefore it requires very careful and cautious design so that technical problems could be minimised with least cost. Formation of leached zone is one of the most complex and serious problems which results in weakening of the roof posing strata control and environmental hazards. This problem is discussed in detail in this paper with particular reference to rocksalt deposits and a number of suggestions have been made. These can also be applied to blasting in other water soluble mineral deposits.
Evaluation of Amomum subulatum Roxb oil as a source of botanical fungitoxicant for the protection of mango fruits from fungal rotting
(2008) R.K. Dubey; Rajesh Kumar; Jaya; J.P.N. Chansouria; N.K. Dubey
The essential oil extracted from the leaves of Amomum subulatum Roxb. (Zingiberaceae) has been evaluated for efficacy in the control of mango fruit rotting due to fungal infections. The essential oil of A. subulatum exhibited absolute antifungal activity against two mango rotting fungi viz. Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat. and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz, the common storage fungi causing stem end rot and anthracnose disease of mango fruits. The oil showed its absolute fungitoxicity at the minimum inhibitory concentration of 500 μL/L. Its fungitoxic potency did not alter even on a high inoculum density of the test fungi. The Amomum oil significantly enhanced the shelf life of mango fruits by controlling anthracnose disease as well as stem end rot for an additional five and six days, respectively. The oil also inhibited pectinase and cellulase enzymes secreted by the test fungi during pathogenesis and exhibited a wide range of fungitoxicity against 13 fungal isolates. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of the oil found 1, 8 cineole to be a major component. The LD50 of Amomum oil was found to be 22,070 mg/kg of body weight in mice (Mus musculus L.) when administered for acute oral toxicity. Keeping in view the side effects of synthetic fungicides, A. subulatum oil may be recommended as a botanical fungitoxicant of plant origin to control the rotting of mango fruits and to enhance their shelf life because of its nonmammalian toxicity and in vivo efficacy. © 2008, The Author(s).
Evaluation of Eupatorium cannabinum Linn. oil in enhancement of shelf life of mango fruits from fungal rotting
(2007) R.K. Dubey; Rajesh Kumar; Jaya; N.K. Dubey
Essential oils extracted from 17 higher plants belonging to different families were screened against Botryodiplodia theobromae and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides causing stem end rot disease and anthracnose disease in mango respectively. The essential oil of Eupatorium cannabinum was found to be fungitoxic in nature against both the mango-rotting fungi. Eupatorium oil was standardized through physico-chemical and fungitoxic properties. Gas Liquid Chromatography (GLC) analysis of the oil led to the identification of 16 components, which represented 77.97% of the oil. Germacrene D (16.11%) was found to be the major component. The oil showed a broad fungitoxic spectrum and was recorded to be more efficient than some synthetic fungicides. The oil also showed an inhibitory effect on pectinase and cellulase enzymes. The oil enhanced the shelf life of mango fruits by protecting from fungal rotting when tested as a fumigant. The LD50 of Eupatorium oil was found to be 22.01 ml/kg body weight on mammalian mice. © 2006 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
Increased tracheostomy rates in head and neck cancer surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic
(Churchill Livingstone, 2021) T.K. Batra; M.R. Tilak; E. Pai; N. Verma; B.K. Gupta; G. Yadav; R.K. Dubey; N.J. Francis; M. Pandey
Surgical practice during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has changed significantly, without supporting data. With increasing experience, a dichotomy of practice is emerging, challenging existing consensus guidelines. One such practice is elective tracheostomy. Here, we share our initial experience of head and neck cancer surgery in a COVID-19 tertiary care centre, emphasizing the evolved protocol of perioperative care when compared to pre-COVID-19 times. This was a prospective study of 21 patients with head and neck cancers undergoing surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic, compared to 193 historical controls. Changes in anaesthesia, surgery, and operating room practices were evaluated. A strict protocol was followed. One patient tested positive for COVID-19 preoperatively. There was a significant increase in pre-induction tracheostomies (28.6% vs 6.7%, P = 0.005), median hospital stay (10 vs 7 days, P = 0.001), and postponements of surgery (57.1% vs 27.5%, P = 0.01), along with a significant decrease in flap reconstructions (33.3% vs 59.6%, P = 0.03). There was no mortality and no difference in postoperative morbidity. No healthcare personnel became symptomatic for COVID-19 during this period. Tracheostomy is safe during the COVID-19 pandemic and rates have increased. Despite increased rescheduling of surgeries and longer hospital stays, definitive cancer care surgery has not been deferred and maximum patient and healthcare worker safety has been ensured. © 2020 International Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
Influence of pH of water on mechanical properties of sandstone - An experimental approach
(2000) R.K. Dubey; T.N. Singh
The cylindrical NX size Chunar sandstone samples are prepared from collected sandstone blocks of Chunar locality, District Mirzapur, U.P. These are submerged in water having different pH values. The water saturated samples of sandstone are deformed on close loop servo-controlled auto - feed back Material Testing System (MTS). The dry samples of sandstone are also deformed on the MTS.The experimental study suggests that the compressive strength, tensile strength, shear strength, and cohesive strength observed in sandstone increases with increases in pH of water, while the angle of friction decreases with increases in pH of saturated medium, i. e., water.
Influence of stress rate on rheology - An experimental study on rocksalt of Simla Himalaya, India
(2005) R.K. Dubey; V.K. Gairola
The stress-strain behaviour and mechanical properties were investigated on rocksalt samples collected from Guma rocksalt Mine, District Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India. Cylindrical samples cored perpendicular to the bedding planes, were compressed using an automated closed loop servo-controlled testing machine at stress rates ranging from 9.12 10-3 MPa/minute to 9.12 MPa/minute. The effects of stress rate on stress-strain behaviour as well as on mechanical properties were investigated by controlling the time of deformation. The stress-strain behaviour of rocksalts were verified by theoretical analysis with the help of the derivation of equations for Maxwell and Kelvin-Voigt Models connected in series. © Springer 2005.
Influence of structural anisotropy on the uniaxial compressive strength of pre-fatigued rocksalt from Himachal Pradesh, India
(Elsevier BV, 2000) R.K. Dubey; V.K. Gairola
[No abstract available]
Momentum-energy change in elastic relativistic binary collisions
(2009) V.J. Menon; R.K. Dubey; M. Mishra; B.K. Patra
We consider a relativistic elastic collision between a projectile of momentum p with a target atom of momentum k in a general inertial frame. We employ one space plus one time Minkowski geometry and calculate the momentum transfer vector qμ suffered by the projectile calculated via a Lorentz transformation to the barycentric frame and then eliminate k. The resulting expression for qμ reproduces several known cases, its algebraic behavior can be interpreted physically, and it leads to a simple understanding of the relativistic equipartition law. © 2009 American Association of Physics Teachers.
Nasogastric tube insertion with LMA-Classic in situ
(2009) S.K. Dube; R. Kant; R.K. Dubey; D.K. Singh
[No abstract available]