Browsing by Author "R.K. Srivastava"

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Assessment of utilization of RCH services and client satisfaction at different level of health facilities in Varanasi District.
(2009) R.K. Srivastava; S. Kansal; V.K. Tiwari; L. Piang; R. Chand; Deoki Nandan
OBJECTIVE: To assess the various factors influencing utilization and non-utilization of RCH services and extent of client satisfaction. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted during October to December 2008 at two selected blocks of Varanasi district, Uttar Pradesh. Principal study subjects were 509 women having children less than 12 months old, selected through a multistage sampling technique. Data were collected through in-depth interview and Focus Group Discussions conducted among the beneficiaries of the services. RESULTS: The study revealed that utilisation of the RCH services in the government facilities was higher among the backward classes than the general category; higher the level of education the lower was the utilisation of government services. Over all, 16% of the respondents were not satisfied with government facilities. 25% of the SC category was not satisfied with the services in spite of being the main users. Among RCH services utilization was highest (89%) for antenatal care services (ANC). 41.6% respondents did not receive any Post Natal Care (PNC) after their most recent birth. About 30% deliveries were at home out of which only 10% received PNC whereas out of 70% institutional deliveries about 80% received PNC. Overall 16.3 % of the respondents were not satisfied with the services provided by government health facilities. Around 16% and 14% were not satisfied with the behavior of medical officer and the health workers respectively and non-satisfaction was highest among SC category. CONCLUSION: All health facilities need to be made functional according to Indian Public Health Standards (IPHS) of NRHM.
DC-Link Voltage Regulation of Full-Power Converter for WECS in Weak-Grid Using a Variable-flux Dual-Stator PMSG
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2018) S.K. Gupta; R.K. Srivastava
Wind Energy Conversion Systems (WECS) in weak-grid and stand-alone modes suffer from voltage and frequency fluctuations due to wind speed or/and load variations. However, it is needed to regulate output voltage before supplying to grid/load. Thus, generator output is rectified and then inverted to constant voltage and frequency before supplying to load. In standard configurations, rectifier and inverter both use controlled switches. Therefore, full control over the output voltage is achieved however, higher no. of electronic switches with their complex control circuitry and use of mechanical sensors jeopardizes reliability of the system. This paper proposes a WECS that uses half the no. of controlled switches with simpler control circuitry. It is to be noted that no mechanical sensors had been used in sensing the wind speed. The proposed system consists of a variable-flux dual-stator permanent magnet synchronous generator with an uncontrolled rectifier and an inverter working at constant modulation indexes. A proof-of-concept generator had been fabricated and tested under simulated wind conditions. The generator was tested for voltage regulation under two conditions. First under variable wind speed and constant load (VWCL) and second under constant wind speed and variable load (CWVL). It was observed from results that in proposed system the generator regulates its output voltage and power invariant to variable input wind speed and variable load. © 2018 IEEE.
Effect of Relative Slot-Opening Shift on Cogging Torque and Performance of an Axial Flux Permanent Magnet Machine
(Springer, 2019) Praveen Kumar; R.K. Srivastava
Cogging torque in permanent magnet machines is a source of acoustic noise, vibrations and one of the reasons behind output torque ripple. Its reduction is of prime importance in automotive and positioning applications. Several techniques are available in the literature for cogging torque reduction in both radial and axial flux machines. This paper presents the effect of relative displacement of consecutive slot-openings on cogging torque of an axial flux permanent magnet machine. In addition, its influence on several performance parameters such as stator flux linkage, no-load induced emf, emf harmonics and rated electromagnetic torque of the machine is also analysed and compared. A 3-D finite element model of the machine is simulated to obtain various analysis results. A maximum reduction of 51.67% in cogging torque is obtained for 0 or 1 displacement factor. However, the rms-induced emf and average torque showed deterioration by 4.05% and 5.8%, respectively. © 2018, The Institution of Engineers (India).
Effect of tillage and mechanization on production potential of rice (Oryza sativa)-wheat (Triticum aestivum) cropping system
(2002) S.N. Sharma; J.S. Bohra; P.K. Singh; R.K. Srivastava
A field trial was conducted during 1998-99 and 1999-2000 at Varanasi, to compare the performance of the conventional tillage, reduced tillage (Chinese rotavator), zero tillage in wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori & Paol.] under varying sowing/transplanting methods of rice (Oryza sativa L.), viz. direct dry sowing, direct wet sowing, manual transplanting and mechanical transplanting by self-propelled transplanter. The manual and mechanical transplanting of rice ('HUR 36') being at par produced significantly higher grain yield than direct seedings. However, the use of self-propelled transplanter gave the maximum output:input ratio (2.53), followed by direct wet sowing with anaerobic seeder (2.10). Labour utilization was very poor under manual transplanting. As regards the wheat ('HUW 234'), Chinese rotavator proved most effective and recorded markedly higher values of yield-attributing characters, grain yield and output:input ratio. Conventional tillage though resulted in higher grain yield than zero tillage, the latter proved more remunerative.
Eu3+-activated CaGa2O4 wide band gap (WBG) material for solar blind UV conversion: Fluorescence and photo-conductivity performance
(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2014) M. Rai; S.K. Singh; K. Mishra; R. Shankar; R.K. Srivastava; S.B. Rai
Herein, we have probed a wide band gap material, CaGa2O4 co-doped with Eu3+/Na+, which is fairly transparent (≥95%) in the visible region and efficiently absorbs solar blind UV radiation. Importantly, the absorbed UV energy can be realized both in terms of fluorescence and photoconductivity as well. X-ray diffraction studies confirmed that CaGa2O4 exhibits two orthorhombic polymorphs: CaO·Ga2O3 I (major) and CaO·Ga2O3II (minor). Vibrational spectroscopy provided the first quantitative insight into the phonon frequency of the material. Upon UV illumination the host itself gives UV-blue and red emissions due to band to band and trap level transitions, respectively. (no additional dopant or activator ion were present). A substantial overlap between the emission spectrum of the host and the excitation spectrum of Eu3+; decrease in emission intensity and decay time (8.82 μs from 9.2 μs) of the host emission, after Eu3+ doping; and evolution of a short rise-time (∼10 μs) in decay curve of Eu3+ revealed that the host efficiently transfers its energy to the Eu3+ ions. Co-doping of Na+ further enhances the emission intensity (∼7 times), decay time and rise-time of the Eu3+ emission. Likewise the intrinsic behavior of Ga2O3 this material also shows significant transient photoconductivity under UV illumination, photocurrent is of the order of μA, but with slow time constant ∼40 min. Thus, the excellent optical properties prove to be superior for photoconductivity for UV-to-visible converter applications. Such WBG optical materials can be coupled to silicon-based commercial detectors for their wide use in areas ranging from invisible flame sensing to UV astronomy. This journal is © the Partner Organisations 2014.
Knowledge and practices about menstrual hygiene among higher secondary school girls
(2013) Pragya Verma; Shamshed Ahmad; R.K. Srivastava
Introduction: Issues related to menstruation and its practices are still foggy due to taboos and socio-cultural restrictions resulting in adolescent girls remaining uninformed of the technical facts and hygienic practices to keep good health that is why sometimes it results in to adverse health outcomes. Objectives: (i) To find out the age of menarche.(ii) To elicit the beliefs, perception and source of information regarding menstruation among adolescent girls. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted among 120 adolescent girls of a higher secondary school situated in Varanasi District. Information was obtained with the help of a predesigned and pretested questionnaire in a local language. Results: About half of the girls (58.3%) were aware about menstruation prior to attainment of menarche. The mean age of menarche was found to be 12.98yrs (±0.77).The most common menstrual pattern was 30/3 days. Mother was the first informant regarding menstruation in case of (41.66%) of girls. Most of the girls (85.8%) believed it as a physiological process. Regarding practices, only 61(50.8%) girls informed about the use of sanitary pads during menstruation. Most of the girls 59 (49.16%) used old plain cloth as menstrual absorbent. About (82.5%) girls practiced different restrictions during menstruation. Conclusion: Menstrual hygiene is still a very important risk factor for reproductive tract infections and it is a vital component of the health education to the adolescent girls. Educational television programmes, trained school nurses/ health personnel, motivated school teachers, and knowledgeable parents can play a very important role in transmitting the critical messages of correct practices about menstrual hygiene to the adolescent girls of today.
Mineralogy and magmatic affinity of the Jasra intrusive complex, Shillong Plateau, India
(2012) L. Melluso; R.K. Srivastava; C.M. Petrone; V. Guarino; A.K. Sinha
The rocks of the Jasra intrusive complex (Shillong Plateau, northeastern India) include phlogopite clinopyroxenites (with olivine or perovskite relics), alkali gabbros/monzodiorites, syenites and nepheline syenites. They have a potassic affinity (Na2O/K2O ∼1), and their mineralogy is dominated by clinopyroxene with which phlogopite, olivine, amphibole, feldspars, feldspathoids, oxides, orthopyroxenes, perovskite, titanite and other accessory phases are variably associated. The Jasra intrusive rocks are cumulates derived from at least two distinct magmatic liquids. The potassic affinity of the Jasra rocks differs from the nearby Sung Valley ijolitic-carbonatitic complex and from the ultrapotassic lamproitic rocks of the Damodar Valley, which are of approximately the same age. This suggests major variability in the mantle sources of small-volume alkaline volcanism in the Early Cretaceous of northeastern India. © 2012 Mineralogical Society.
No-load magnetic field analysis of double-sided linear tubular permanent magnet synchronous machine
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2017) M.M. Reza; Avneet K. Chauhan; S.N. Mahendra; R.K. Srivastava
This paper presents no load magnetic field analysis of a double-sided linear tubular permanent magnet machine (DSLTPM) with a radially magnetized permanent magnet mover and iron-cored stator winding by using analytical method. Knowledge of magnetic field distribution inside the machine is essential for optimal design of machine. The field distribution is obtained by use of magnetic vector potential in a 2D rz plane of cylindrical coordinate and their results are verified with magnetostatic calculation based on finite element methods(FEM). The close agreements of analytical with FEM results, supports the correctness of analysis. © 2016 IEEE.
Performance analysis and comparison of dual-rotor hybrid permanent magnet induction machine topologies for electric vehicle application
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2017) Praveen Kumar; M.D. Motiur Reza; R.K. Srivastava
A dual-rotor Hybrid Permanent Magnet Induction Machine (PMIM) having high torque and high power capability and possessing the advantages of both PM synchronous and induction machines can be a suitable option for electric vehicle application. This paper deals with the performance analysis of various possible topologies of PMIM and a conventional Squirrel Cage Induction Machine (SCIM) along with their comparison with each other. The aim of this analysis is to establish the superiority of PMIM over conventional induction machine in terms of torque and efficiency. The paper also identifies the most suitable PMIM topology among various for electric vehicle application. © 2016 IEEE.
Performance Analysis of Single-Stage and Two-Stage VSI-Fed Induction Motor Drives for Solar Water Pumping Applications
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2024) Jyoti Maurya; R.K. Saket; R.K. Srivastava
This paper describes a comparative performance analysis of single-stage and two-stage voltage source inverter (VSI) fed induction motor (IM) drive for water pumping systems used in agricultural applications. The comprehensive analysis with illustrative descriptions of proposed research is conducted to evaluate the system's economic viability for a solar pump based irrigation system. These two setups share common components, including photovoltaic (PV) system, battery with bidirectional converter and VSI-fed IM drives with pump load. In both configurations, incremental conductance (INC) maximum power point tracking technique (MPPTT) is employed to extract maximum power from the PV array. In two stage system, a DC/DC boost converter is integrated to elevate the input voltage for VSI and meet the system's load requirements. On the other hand, in single-stage system, PV array is directly connected to VSI, which provides power to entire IM drive integrated with pump. A direct torque control (DTC) strategy is utilized for speed regulation of IM drive in both setups, ensuring that the characteristics of PV array-fed IM drive with pump load are maintained. An insightful efficiency versus load analysis has been presented for power electronics system and IM drive, which shows comparative efficiency and thermal characteristics between both configurations, shedding light on optimal system design for enhanced performance. Typhoon HIL 404 software is used for modelling and simulation of the systems. The real-time hardware results have been taken by using HIL Device and 4 Series B mixed signal oscilloscope (MSO) for validation of the simulation results. The comparative performance analysis, graphical illustrations and performance descriptions between a single-stage PV fed IM drive and two-stage PV fed IM drive are described in simulation results and experimental validation sections. © 1972-2012 IEEE.
Performance of wheat (Triticum aestivum) + Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) intercropping in relation to row ratio, Indian mustard variety and fertility levels
(2006) R.K. Srivastava; U.S. Bohra
A field experiment was conducted during the winter seasons of 1999-2000 and 2000-2001 at Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, to evaluate the effect of varying row ratio, Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Zernj. & Cosson] variety and fertility levels on yield potential, competitive function and economics of wheat + Indian mustard intercropping. Association of wheat with Indian mustard under 5 :1 row ratio was found more sustainable, as it accounted for higher value in terms of land-equivalent ratio (LER) and relative crowding coefficient (1.690) and was economically more remunerative. For association with wheat, Indian mustard var. 'Sanjucta Asesh' proved economically viable than 'Vardan' with a minimum depression in yield and yield attributes of wheat. To achieve higher yield advantage and efficient resource utilization, an application of 100% recommended dose of fertilizer to both the component crops was found imperative. Though performance of wheat was better in its sole stand, Indian mustard varieties thrived better in intercropping treatments to their solid stands.
Petrology, petrochemistry and genesis of the alkaline rocks associated with the Ambadungar carbonatite complex, Baroda district, Gujarat, India
(1994) R.K. Srivastava
Describes the petrology, petrochemistry, and genesis of alkaline rocks related to the Ambadungar Carbonatite Complex. These alkaline rocks have been classified as tinguaite, phonolite/phononephelinite, melanephelinite, and syenite/nepheline syenite. The porphyritic variety dominates in the area and important phenocrysts are aegirine/aegirine-augite, feldspars, nepheline, hauyene, analcite, and minor mealnite. Chemically they are undersaturated. The alkaline rocks are shown to be genetically related to the Carbonatite-Nephelinite magmatism. These are inferred as products of liquid immiscibility from a parental carbonated nephelinitic magma. -from Author
Pigeonpea genomics initiative (PGI): An international effort to improve crop productivity of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.)
(Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2010) R.K. Varshney; R.V. Penmetsa; S. Dutta; P.L. Kulwal; R.K. Saxena; S. Datta; T.R. Sharma; B. Rosen; N. Carrasquilla-Garcia; A.D. Farmer; A. Dubey; K.B. Saxena; J. Gao; B. Fakrudin; M.N. Singh; B.P. Singh; K.B. Wanjari; M. Yuan; R.K. Srivastava; A. Kilian; H.D. Upadhyaya; N. Mallikarjuna; C.D. Town; G.E. Bruening; G. He; G.D. May; R. McCombie; S.A. Jackson; N.K. Singh; D.R. Cook
Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan), an important food legume crop in the semi-arid regions of the world and the second most important pulse crop in India, has an average crop productivity of 780 kg/ha. The relatively low crop yields may be attributed to non-availability of improved cultivars, poor crop husbandry and exposure to a number of biotic and abiotic stresses in pigeonpea growing regions. Narrow genetic diversity in cultivated germplasm has further hampered the effective utilization of conventional breeding as well as development and utilization of genomic tools, resulting in pigeonpea being often referred to as an 'orphan crop legume'. To enable genomics-assisted breeding in this crop, the pigeonpea genomics initiative (PGI) was initiated in late 2006 with funding from Indian Council of Agricultural Research under the umbrella of Indo-US agricultural knowledge initiative, which was further expanded with financial support from the US National Science Foundation's Plant Genome Research Program and the Generation Challenge Program. As a result of the PGI, the last 3 years have witnessed significant progress in development of both genetic as well as genomic resources in this crop through effective collaborations and coordination of genomics activities across several institutes and countries. For instance, 25 mapping populations segregating for a number of biotic and abiotic stresses have been developed or are under development. An 11X-genome coverage bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library comprising of 69,120 clones have been developed of which 50,000 clones were end sequenced to generate 87,590 BAC-end sequences (BESs). About 10,000 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from Sanger sequencing and ca. 2 million short ESTs by 454/FLX sequencing have been generated. A variety of molecular markers have been developed from BESs, microsatellite or simple sequence repeat (SSR)-enriched libraries and mining of ESTs and genomic amplicon sequencing. Of about 21,000 SSRs identified, 6,698 SSRs are under analysis along with 670 orthologous genes using a GoldenGate SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) genotyping platform, with large scale SNP discovery using Solexa, a next generation sequencing technology, is in progress. Similarly a diversity array technology array comprising of ca. 15,000 features has been developed. In addition, >600 unique nucleotide binding site (NBS) domain containing members of the NBS-leucine rich repeat disease resistance homologs were cloned in pigeonpea; 960 BACs containing these sequences were identified by filter hybridization, BES physical maps developed using high information content fingerprinting. To enrich the genomic resources further, sequenced soybean genome is being analyzed to establish the anchor points between pigeonpea and soybean genomes. In addition, Solexa sequencing is being used to explore the feasibility of generating whole genome sequence. In summary, the collaborative efforts of several research groups under the umbrella of PGI are making significant progress in improving molecular tools in pigeonpea and should significantly benefit pigeonpea genetics and breeding. As these efforts come to fruition, and expanded (depending on funding), pigeonpea would move from an 'orphan legume crop' to one where genomics-assisted breeding approaches for a sustainable crop improvement are routine. © 2009 The Author(s).
Yield advantage and reciprocity functions of wheat (Triticum aestivum) + Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) intercropping under varying row ratio, variety and fertility level
(2007) R.K. Srivastava; J.S. Bohra; R.K. Singh
A field experiment was conducted during winter seasons of 1999-2000 and 2000-01 at Varanasi to assess the effect of varying row ratio, mustard variety and fertility levels on various competitive functions in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) + Indian mustard (Brassica juncea Czern & Coss) intercropping. Mustard was found dominant and aggressive as compared to wheat. Wheat and mustard under 8:1 and 5:1 row ratios proved more remunerative and recorded higher yield advantage than 2:1 row ratio as judged by land equivalent ratio and relative crowding coefficient. Significantly higher aggressivity (1.034) and competitive ratio (2.245) of mustard was noticed under wheat + ' Vardan' mustard intercropping which caused drastic reduction in wheat yield. Consequently, the total land equivalent ratio and relative crowding coefficient of the system was markedly higher with 'Sanjucta Asesh' that gave maximum monetary advantage. Increasing fertility up to highest level correspondingly enhanced competitive ratio and aggressivity of mustard. However, the reverse trend was observed on wheat for these indices. The maximum total land equivalent ratio of 1.085 and net return was observed with the application of 100% recommended fertilizer to both the component crops.