Browsing by Author "Raghvendra Raman Mishra"

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Application of essential oils for the production of dietary supplements and as traditional self-medication purposes
(Elsevier, 2023) Raghvendra Raman Mishra; Pragya Mishra; Subodh Kumar; Divya Gupta
Despite the fact that essential oils (EOs) have been studied for more than 60 years, interest in them has increased recently as more individuals look for natural remedies. Essential oils have been used in rituals and medicine for millennia because of their healing properties. This has existed since the Paleolithic era. Since they are more complex and contain a variety of volatile and naturally occurring bioactive substances, EOs are commonly used in the food sector as the finest alternatives. Despite the fact that EOs are difficult to use practically as an effective antibacterial due to their volatility, low solubility, and high instability, plant-based EOs have gained interest as a potential replacement for synthetic preservatives due to their environmental friendliness and widely acknowledged safety status. Among its traditional uses, the use of EOs in food products undoubtedly stands out. While there have been a number of recent reviews that have concentrated on the use and potential of EOs as food preservatives, there has been relatively less research on other functional roles of EOs or their components in food products, which are nevertheless generating significant public interest and a growing body of scientific evidence: their health-promoting role beyond preservation and basic nutrition. The present chapter points toward the use of EOs in the manufacturing of dietary supplements and traditional self-medication. © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Association of Helicobacter pylori infection with inflammatory cytokine expression in patients with gallbladder cancer
(2013) Raghvendra Raman Mishra; Mallika Tewari; Hari S. Shukla
Aim: Gallbladder cancer (GBC) may be associated with Helicobacter pylori. The present study was designed to analyze the association of cytokine expression with H. pylori in patients with GBC. Methods: GBC tissue sample and 5 mL blood were collected from each of 54 GBC patients. H. pylori was identified in tissue samples using biochemical tests, histology, culture, nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and partial genome sequencing. Tissue samples were categorized as H. pylori-positive (case) and H. pylori-negative groups (control) on the basis of nested PCR of tissue sample. Cytokines interleukin 1-β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and interleukin-5 (IL-5) were assayed in blood samples using ELISA. Results: Presence of H. pylori was confirmed in 18 (33 %) of 54 GBC tissue samples. Levels of IL-1β (p = 0.001) and TNF-α (p = 0.01) were significantly elevated in H. pylori-positive GBC compared to the control group. IFN-γ and IL-5 levels did not significantly differ between the two groups. Conclusions: H. pylori DNA was detected in the gallbladder of a third of GBC patients and was associated with higher circulating levels of some cytokines. © 2013 Indian Society of Gastroenterology.
Biofilm Threat for Food Industry: An Approach for Its Elimination Using Herbal Food Components
(Springer Singapore, 2020) Ankita A. Singh; Raghvendra Raman Mishra; O.P. Verma; Anshuman Mishra
Biofilm formation is an alliance of microorganisms in which microbial cells constitute an alternative lifestyle and embrace a multicellular behavior that facilitates and/or prolongs survival in adverse environmental niches. In nature, biofilms are present everywhere, and they can be found in places like waste water channels, labs, bathrooms, industrial places, and hospital settings and frequently occur on hard surfaces that are immersed in or exposed to an aqueous solution. It can also be formed as buoyant on surface of liquid; biofilm formation comprises a substitute lifestyle in which microorganisms espouse a multicellular behavior that smooth the way and/or promote prolong survival in diverse environmental niches. Cells in a bacterial biofilm communicate via quorum sensing which is a multistep process that starts with the attachment of cells to a surface and then formation of microcolony that further leads to the formation of three-dimensional structure and finally ending with maturation followed by dispersion or detachment. According to National Institutes of Health (NIH), about 65% of all microbial infections and 80% of all chronic infections are associated with biofilms. Bacterial biofilm is less attainable to antibiotics and human immune system and thus gives rise to ultimatum to public health because of its participation in variety of infectious diseases. A greater understanding of steps leading to biofilm formation on surfaces and within eukaryotic cells, pointing several medically important pathogens, for the development of novel, effective control strategies aimed at biofilm prevention and/or elimination. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020.
Caffeine: Nutraceutical and Health Benefit of Caffeine-Containing Commodities and Products
(Springer Singapore, 2020) Osahon Itohan Roli; Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji; Pragya Mishra; Juliana Bunmi Adetunji; Raghvendra Raman Mishra
The ever-increasing population of mankind are globally combatting with several health challenges couple with a high level of synthetic drugs demands the search for a green solution that will be sustainable. Therefore, caffeine has been identified as a sustainable daily consumable that might be tailored to deliver its active component for the management of the various highlighted health challenges combating mankind through the daily and/or healthy meal. Caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine) is a soluble natural alkaloid present in plants which constitutes the main active biologically compound present in several food and beverages containing caffeine usually consumed by several individuals. The significance of caffeine-containing food and drinks has been documented over the years as antimicrobial agents; neuroprotective, antioxidant, and cardiovascular agents; and antidiabetics. Hence, this review intends to highlight the health and nutritional benefits of caffeine which has been highlighted as a vital nutritional ingredient which is present in some food products. Also, some previously in vitro and in vivo experiment carried out with caffeine and caffeine-containing products were well elucidated which have great attributes to release its controlled dose which plays an active role in the maintenance of the body cells, system, and their normal functioning. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020.
Effects of Toxicant from Pesticides on Food Security: Current Developments
(Springer Singapore, 2020) Osikemekha Anthony Anani; Raghvendra Raman Mishra; Pragya Mishra; Alex Ajeh Enuneku; Gloria Anwuli Anani; Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji
Pesticides are used for the management and control of agricultural pest, weeds, fungi and insects which are responsible for the reduction of the increase in agricultural and food production. Thereby, the application of pesticides will lead to an increase in feeding the ever-increasing population globally. Furthermore, the application of pesticides has been highlighted to be a greater source of toxicity to human beings which eventually has both chronic and acute health impacts. Also, it has been discovered that most of these pesticides could persist in water and soil, while some of them could form a pesticide residue on the agricultural residues. This chapter intends to elaborate on the trade-offs between food security, food safety and pesticides. Special emphasis on pesticide authorization, monitoring, pesticide residues utilization and bioremediation strategies for the bioremediation of heavily contaminated environment was highlighted. Also, recent and current innovations for the management and regulation of pesticide residues which are challenges in various sectors like food, agricultural and environmental were stressed. We also suggested some recommendations and proffered some research directions that need to be carried out in the near future using sustainable technologies for the regulation of different types of pesticides episodes. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020.
Elimination of Fungal Leaf Mosaic Disease of Bottle Gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) Using Fungo-Phage Therapy: A Possible Approach for Food Security with Plant Protection
(Springer Singapore, 2020) Ved Kumar Mishra; Prashant Ankur Jain; Raghvendra Raman Mishra
Plant protection using fungal phage has always been a point of research and discussion to minimise the chemical intervention. The ergonomics of phage production is relatively simple, and its cost-effectiveness makes it an efficient tool to address the epidemics of plant kingdom. Prevalent environmental aspects do interfere with the phage efficacy, also being significant in the alteration of other biological control agents, such as susceptibility of the target organism. Dynamicity of phage-based plant protection process requires continuous tuning of the phage preparation to combat pathogenic bacteria effectively. The implication of lytic cycle abbreviates the process since the invading lytic phage destroys bacterial cell post virion replication and navigates for new hosts to infect. Host specificity is most significant aspect pertaining to bacteriophagic plant protection. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020.
Gallbladder carcinoid masquerading as gallbladder carcinoma
(2009) Mallika Tewari; Vinay Kumar; Raghvendra Raman Mishra; Hari S. Shukla
BACKGROUND: Carcinoid of the gallbladder is rare. Since it often presents as a gallbladder mass it may be confused with gallbladder carcinoma. METHODS: A 35-year-old lady presented with pain in the right upper abdomen, and was radiologically found to have a gallbladder mass. A provisional diagnosis of gaUbladder carcinoma was made. Laparotomy revealed a 20x20 cm, exophytic, friable growth arising from the fundus of the gaUbladder. It was excised with segment IVb and V of the liver and regional lymphadenectomy. RESULT: Histopathological examination revealed it was a neuroendocrine carcinoma, atypical carcinoid of the gaUbladder. CONCLUSION: Gallbladder carcinoid has a poor outcome, requires aggressive treatment, and should be considered as one of the rare but possible gallbladder lesions. © 2009, Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int. All rights reserved.
Helicobacter species and pathogenesis of gallbladder cancer
(2010) Raghvendra Raman Mishra; Mallika Tewari; Hari S. Shukla
BACKGROUND: Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a rare disease but a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. A number of etiological factors have been implicated in the causation of GBC and pathogenic infection by bacteria is one of these. DATA SOURCES: A PubMed search on "helicobacter", "gallbladder cancer", and "biliary tract malignancies"was done on the topic, and the relevant data were collected, reviewed, and analyzed. RESULTS: Helicobacter is an epsilon proteobacterium that infects the mucosal lining of the human gastrobiliary system. Infection with helicobacter is an important risk factor for the development of cancer and the bacterium has been categorized as a group-I carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). These microbes enter the human body by means of contaminated food and water. Thereby they invade the tissues and produce chemical carcinogens that lead to DNA damage and subsequently a series of gene mutations transform normal cells into cancer cells. In this review, we focus our attention on the role of helicobacter in the causation of biliary tract malignancies. CONCLUSIONS: The review attempts to summarize the current available data on the role of helicobacter in the causation of GBC. There are accountable data available to suggest the role of helicobacter species in the causation of GBC although larger studies are urgently required for confirmation Copyright ©2010, Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int. All rights reserved.
Implication of endophytic metabolite and their derivatives in cancer chemotherapy: A prospective study
(Springer India, 2014) Pragya Mishra; Raghvendra Raman Mishra; Mallika Tiwari; Parjanya Shukla; Archana Singh; Hari S. Shukla
Incidence of cancer keep increasing worldwide may be due to genetic aberration, environmental effect, diet, socioeconomic factors, and various types of infections. Our previous studies revealed an association of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and their species, Salmonella Typhi (S. Typhi), and Mycobacterium with various gastrointestinal tract (GI) cancers including oral, oropharyngeal, esophageal, gastric, gallbladder, pancreatic, and anal-canal cancers. We experience that poor cure rate is reported due to failure of conventional medicine, drug resistance, and failure to know the exact cause. As we are a group of oncologist and basic researcher, it is our experience that surgical procedures and chemotherapy are better adjuvant therapeutic option for cancer treatment. The area of chemotherapy is enhanced, but basic foundation is devised from natural products, which are used directly or as synthetic derivatives as stand-alone or in different combinations. Microorganisms, either bacteria or fungi that live inside plant tissue (endophytes) system, are big source of natural antimicrobial compound. It is known that endophytic alkaloids, taxoids, podophyllotoxins, etc., have an antineoplastic activity. Keeping these facts in mind, this chapter points out the active exploration and implication of endophytic metabolite and their derivatives in cancer chemotherapy in near future. Obtained data were analyzed and result showed that the endophytic metabolites may be potential source of newer cancer chemotherapeutic drugs. It concluded that in the field of cancer chemotherapy, search for novel drugs from endophytic origin is still a priority. © 2014 Springer India. All rights reserved.
Influence of Heavy Metal on Food Security: Recent Advances
(Springer Singapore, 2020) Osikemekha Anthony Anani; Raghvendra Raman Mishra; Pragya Mishra; John Ovie Olomukoro; Tunde Ohiokhioya Thaddeus Imoobe; Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji
Food safety has been identified as one of the highly placed sustainable goals because of its relevance to the sustainability and well-being of mankind. Over the years human being is faced with several adverse effects that normally result in uncountable impairment in their health. This might be linked to the high level of contamination and environmental pollution as a result of heavy metal due to various anthropogenic activities as well as several agricultural and environmental activities. It has been observed that heavy metal can affect human metabolomics which normally results in a high level of morbidity in several countries most especially in developing countries. Therefore, this review intends to discuss extensively the influence of heavy metal contamination on mankind health and their eventual safety. Special emphasis was also laid on the influence of heavy metal on food contamination as a result of environmental and agricultural activities through the application of pesticides which normally lead to a high level of adsorption and accumulation of these toxic metal elements. Also, this chapter also elucidates the modes of action through various molecular and physiological translocation leads to the movement of these toxic metals into food crops. On the whole, several sustainable preventive and management strategies were proposed on how sustainability could be maintained in soil-food subsystems. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020.
Innovations in Food Technology: Current Perspectives and Future Goals
(Springer Singapore, 2020) Pragya Mishra; Raghvendra Raman Mishra; Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji
[No abstract available]
Isolated tuberculosis of the ampulla of Vater masquerading as periampullary carcinoma: A case report
(2009) Mallika Tewari; Raghvendra Raman Mishra; Vinay Kumar; Amrita Ghosh Kar; Hari S. Shukla
Context: Isolated tuberculosis of the ampulla of Vater has not yet been reported. The clinical features of isolated periampullary tuberculosis are at times similar to those seen in patients with periampullary carcinoma. Diagnosis is difficult, and biopsy and culture of the suspected lesion are often negative for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Case report: We herein describe one such case masquerading as periampullary carcinoma in a 70-year-old woman. Due to comorbid conditions only a local excision of the ampulla was carried out. Histopathology revealed giant cells in the absence of caseation necrosis and the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was proven using the polymerase chain reaction. Conclusion: Isolated tuberculosis of ampulla of Vater is extremely rare but must be kept in mind when making the differential diagnosis of isolated ampullary lesion.
Isolation and molecular characterization of nutritionally potent Arthrospira maxima from Indian paddy field
(Elsevier Ltd, 2022) Pragya Mishra; Raghvendra Raman Mishra; Sheo Mohan Prasad; Gopal Nath
Arthrospira maxima (A. maxima) is a cyanobacterium renowned for its usage as food and feed supplements as a potential source of functional ingredients for developing nutraceutical foods of natural origin. The Indian paddy fields, which can naturally produce eco-friendly cyanobacterial mats soon after receiving monsoon rain, were studied for isolation and molecular confirmation of Arthrospira and exploration of its nutritional profile. First, the collected cyanobacterial mat was processed for isolation of pure culture. After that, axenic culture was maintained in Zarrouk's medium at 27 ± 2 °C under the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) of 75 μmol photon m−2 s−1 with a 16/8 h of light/dark period in laboratory condition. Morphologically proven pure culture of A. maxima was subsequently analyzed for its genomic stability using Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus-Polymerase Chain Reaction (ERIC-PCR) and confirmed by targeting 16S ribosomal RNA partial gene sequencing. Further confirmed and pure A. maxima extract was processed to find out its nutraceutical values (amino acids, fatty acid, vitamin and chlorophyll content) by using High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and Gas chromatograph (GC) technique. Results showed that identified strain was confirmed as A. maxima, and its partial gene sequences had been submitted to NCBI to get a unique accession number (GenBank: KM407008.1.). The study explores the new strain of A. maxima as an habitant from the Indian paddy field; it may be considered a potential candidate for industrial biomass production at a large scale. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd
Layered double hydroxide induced advancement in joint prosthesis using bone cement: 0054he effect of metal substitution
(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2013) Govinda Kapusetti; Raghvendra Raman Mishra; Swati Srivastava; Nira Misra; Vakil Singh; Partha Roy; Santosh Kumar Singh; Chanchal Chakraborty; Sudip Malik; Pralay Maiti
Poly(methyl methacrylate) based bone cement and its nanocomposites with layered double hydroxide (LDH) have been developed with greater mechanical strength and biocompatibility as a grouting material for total joint arthroplasty. Bivalent magnesium has been replaced with trivalent aluminium with various mole ratios, keeping the layered pattern of the LDH intact, to cater for the effect of varying substitution on the property enhancement of the nanocomposites. The intercalation of polymer inside the LDH layers makes them disordered and mechanically stiffer and tougher by more than 100%. The thermal stability of bone cement has increased by more than 30 °C in the presence of 1 wt% of nanoLDH, homogenously distributed in the bone cement matrix by creating an inorganic thermal barrier out of the LDH dispersion. The improvement in the properties of the nanocomposites has been explained in terms of the strong interaction between nanoLDH and polymer. The superior bioactivity and biocompatibility of the nanocomposites, as compared to pure bone cement, has been established through hemolysis assay, cell adhesion, MTT assay and cell proliferation using fluorescence imaging. The developed nanocomposites have been used as a grouting material and significant improvements have been achieved in fatigue behaviour with gradual increment of Al substitution in the Mg:Al mole ratio in nanoLDH, demonstrating the real use of the material in the biomedical area. In vivo experiments on rabbits clearly revealed the superior efficacy of bone cement nanocomposites, over pure bone cement and a blank. © The Royal Society of Chemistry.
Nexus Between Climate Change and Food Innovation Technology: Recent Advances
(Springer Singapore, 2020) Kingsley Eghonghon Ukhurebor; Pragya Mishra; Raghvendra Raman Mishra; Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji
Agriculture is a significant sector of the economy of any country. The influence of climate change on food production as it relates to agriculture varies with respect to space and time. The impacts are diverse and highly ambiguous. Innovation technology in agriculture is a significant response for effective and equitable adaptation and mitigation, and we must have to reconsider how to encourage innovation technology to address the diverse and ambiguous impacts of climate change so as to improve food production. Therefore, we have to look towards climate-smart agricultural activities via innovation technology. For climate-smart agriculture, we will require more resilience in agricultural activities and also more proficiency of resource use for both adaptation and mitigation. Undoubtedly, climate change has strong connection with agriculture. This nexus is stronger in developing countries because their means of livelihood depends mostly on agricultural activities, and these activities generally depend on climatic condition. Hence, in this chapter, we will briefly review the recent advances in agriculture with respect to the nexus between climate change and food innovation technology. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020.
Phage therapy of staphylococcal chronic osteomyelitis in experimental animal model
(Indian Council of Medical Research, 2016) Chandan Kishor; Raghvendra Raman Mishra; Shyam K. Saraf; Mohan Kumar; Arvind K. Srivastav; Gopal Nath
Background & objectives: Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are the commonest cause of osteomyelitis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of an alternative therapy i.e. application of S. aureus specific bacteriophages in cases of osteomyelitis caused by MRSA in animal model. Methods: Twenty two rabbits were included in this study. The first two rabbits were used to test the safety of phage cocktail while the remaining 20 rabbits were divided into three groups; group A (n=4) to assess the establishment of osteomyelitis; group B (n=4) osteomyelitis developed but therapy started only after six weeks; and group C (n=12) osteomyelitis developed and therapy started after three weeks. Groups B and C rabbits were treated with four doses of cocktail of seven virulent bacteriophages at the interval of 48 h. Comparison between three groups was made on the basis of observation of clinical, radiological, microbiological, and histopathological examinations. Results: Experimental group rabbits recovered from the illness in the subsequent two weeks of the therapy. Appetite and activity of the rabbits improved, local oedema, erythema and induration subsided. There were minimal changes associated with osteomyelitis in X-ray and histopathology also showed no signs of infection with new bone formation. Control B group rabbits also recovered well from the infection. Interpretation & conclusions: The present study shows a potential of phage therapy to treat difficult infections caused by multidrug resistant bacteria. © 2016, Indian Council of Medical Research. All rights reserved.
Preface
(Springer Singapore, 2020) Pragya Mishra; Raghvendra Raman Mishra; Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji
[No abstract available]
Rediscovering Medicinal Activity and Food Significance of Shogaol (4, 6, 8, 10, and 12): Comprehensive Review
(Springer Singapore, 2020) Osahon Itohan Roli; Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji; Raghvendra Raman Mishra; Juliana Bunmi Adetunji; Pragya Mishra; Toluwase Hezekiah Fatoki
Ginger Zingiber officinale Roscoe is a natural dietary rhizome. The plant is a herbaceous tropical monocotyledon perennial plant which belongs to the family Zingiberaceae and subfamily Zingiberoideae and possesses various biological properties and/or activities. Ginger has been reported to play several roles in ameliorating several health conditions which might be linked to the presence of numerous biological components including gingerols, gingerdiols, shogaols, paradols, and zingerones. However, shogaol has been found to be a major active component of ginger which exists in various forms such as 4-, 6-, 8-, 10-, and 12-shogaol. Also, 6-shogaol has been discovered to be the most active component which possesses a non-pungent metabolite called 6-paradol. 6-Shogaol has various importance in the health, food, and beverage industries. The wide range of the usefulness of shogaol is associated with its taste, biocompatibility, and effect in ameliorating and/or preventing health challenges. Some uncountable medical benefits of shogaol include their application as anticancer drugs, antimicrobials, antioxidants, cardiovascular, anti-ulcer, and neuroprotective among others. Therefore, this review highlights recent advances and findings to the use of shogaol present as a bioactive substance in ginger and its wide application in medical, biological, and food industry. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020.