Browsing by Author "Rahul Kumar Udehiya"

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An introduction to biomaterials
(Elsevier, 2024) Naveen Kumar; Vineet Kumar; Anil Kumar Gangwar; Sameer Shrivastava; Sonal Saxena; Sangeeta Devi Khangembam; Swapan Kumar Maiti; Rahul Kumar Udehiya; Mamta Mishra; Pawan Diwan Singh Raghuvanshi; Naresh Kumar Singh
A biomaterial can be defined as any material used to make devices to replace a part or a function of the body in a safe, reliable, economic, and physiologically acceptable manner. Some people refer to materials of biological origin, such as wood and bone, as biomaterials, but we refer to such materials as “biological materials.” A variety of devices and materials are used in the treatment of disease or injury. Commonplace examples include sutures, tooth fillings, needles, catheters, bone plates, etc. A biomaterial may be a synthetic material used to replace part of a living system or to function in intimate contact with living tissue. © 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Cellular architects: mesenchymal stem cells crafting the future of regenerative medicine
(Elsevier, 2024) Rahul Kumar Udehiya; Sarita Kankoriya
The field of stem cell research has experienced rapid growth in the 21st century, marked by significant discoveries and advancements. Stem cell research is expanding more than twice as fast as the world average growth in research. Notably, the annual growth rate of studies on induced pluripotent stem cells, a rapidly growing type, is an astonishing 77%. Major breakthroughs include the generation of the first functioning whole organ, the thymus, and the birth of the first documented human baby girl through in vitro fertilization, who now has children of her own. Stem cell research aims to create other functioning whole organs like the kidney and intestine. © 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Crosslinking of biomaterials
(Elsevier, 2024) Naveen Kumar; Anil Kumar Gangwar; Vineet Kumar; Dayamon David Mathew; Pawan Diwan Singh Raghuvanshi; Rahul Kumar Udehiya; Naresh Kumar Singh; Sangeeta Devi Khangembam; Sameer Shrivastava; Sonal Saxena; Rukmani Dewangan
Crosslinking of biomaterials is used to improve their properties for a variety of biomedical applications. For example, crosslinking can be used to improve the mechanical strength, stability, and durability of biomaterials. Crosslinking can also be used to control the release of drugs or other molecules from biomaterials. © 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Decellularization and characterization methods
(Elsevier, 2024) Naveen Kumar; Vineet Kumar; Anil Kumar Gangwar; Sangeeta Devi Khangembam; Naresh Kumar Singh; Pawan Diwan Singh Raghuvanshi; Sameer Shrivastava; Sonal Saxena; Sangeetha P.; Rahul Kumar Udehiya; Dayamon David Mathew
An ideal biomaterial should initiate the minimal immune response possible and allow cellular infiltration while maintaining its structure and performing its intended function. Eventually, it will degrade and promote healthy tissue regeneration rather than fibrous scarring. The physiological similarity of the biomaterials is probably the most important factor governing their ability to obtain approval for use. Native extracellular matrices (ECMs) provoke a more natural healing response than synthetic materials, promoting cellular infiltration, proliferation, and differentiation into structures very similar to those of the uninjured host tissue. As previously discussed, many of the first ECM biomaterials were used in prostheses, providing structural support or mechanical functionality. Consequently, preservation of the original structure and strength while reducing immunogenicity was paramount. The most abundant protein in ECMs is collagen, a fibrous protein that is remarkably preserved across species and, therefore, invokes one of the weakest immune responses of all the proteins. This is, in fact, one reason natural collagen sutures implanted for thousands of years were so effective. Bovine collagen is still one of the most widely used and abundantly available xenogeneic materials used in biomedical applications. Even though it is so well preserved, xenogeneic collagen can still provoke immune reactions in humans who are hypersensitive to it or in extenuating circumstances. Typically, proper cleaning with detergents and terminal sterilization by gamma irradiation or ethylene oxide gas is enough to reduce the immune response to a very minimal level, lower even than synthetic meshes. © 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Outcome of Open Long Bone Fractures in Dogs Stabilized with Linear External Skeletal Fixator
(Agricultural Research Communication Centre, 2023) Tejpal Singh; Ashwani Kumar; Rahul Kumar Udehiya; Kirandeep Kaur Gill; Tejinder Singh Rai; Shashi Kant Mahajan
Background: External skeletal fixator (ESF) has been recommended as biological method to stabilize open fracture as it does not involves the wound site, besides protecting adjacent soft tissue structures. Considering the advantages of ESF, this study was envisaged with an objective to study the outcome of open fractures of radius-ulna and tibia-fibula stabilized with linear ESF in dogs. Methods: This study included 17 dogs suffering from open long bone fractures of radius-ulna and tibia-fibula, divided into three groups; linear ESF type I or II (group I, n=8) and type III (group II, n=3). In group III (n=6), open fractures were initially treated using conservative methods i.e management of open wound till complete healing followed by delayed internal fixation using intramedullary pin or bone plating. Result: Majority of the open fractures of radius-ulna and tibia-fibula were transverse (64.71%), involving distal third diaphysis (47.06%) in heavy weight (54.55%), 1-3 year old (64.71%), non-descript (35.29%), male (88.23%) dogs due to automobile accidents (58.82%). Neutrophilic (81.47±4.45%) leukocytosis (24610±2461.88 per cumm) and elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase and creatine kinase were observed. Staphylococcus spp. was the common isolated bacteria sensitive to Gentamicin, Cefotaxime, Tobramycin, Amikacin and Neomycin. High per cent fractures (83.33%) in group III had acceptable functional outcome as compared to fractures treated with linear ESF (55.55%) in groups I and II. Osteomyelitis due to pin tract infections was the major complication (8/11; 72.7%) recorded in ESF groups (Group I and II) that lead to delayed and/or nonunion. Weight bearing score improved markedly after removal of the ESF frame. In conclusions, immediate fixation of the long bone fracture using linear ESF in the presence of open contaminated/infected wounds leads to unacceptable outcome. Poor animal compliance, pin tract discharge, osteomyelitis, delayed union and nonunion are major complications associated with linear ESF. Conservative management of the open fracture wound using standard treatment for 2-3 weeks till complete wound healing followed by internal fixation with intramedullary pin or bone plate is recommended for open long bone fractures in dogs. © 2023 Agricultural Research Communication Centre. All rights reserved.
RETRIEVAL OF AN UNUSUAL FISHHOOK FOREIGN BODY FROM THE ESOPHAGUS IN A BUFFALO
(Kasetsart University, 2024) Rahul Kumar Udehiya; Dayamon David Mathew; Naresh Kumar Singh
A four-year-old female buffalo was presented with a complaint of accidental ingestion of fishhook along with fodder. The owner tried to pull out the fishhook thread during ingestion, accidentally the thread broke and, the fishhook was ingested by the buffalo. The clinical examination revealed hypersalivation and the animal was anxious to observe. Radiography on a standing animal revealed fishhook shape metallic opacity just below the 4 to 5th cervical vertebrae within the esophagus. The fishhook was removed manually without any surgical intervention with the help of the right hand under deep sedation. Recovery was uneventful and soon after the intervention the animal was observed to be almost back to normalcy. © 2024, Kasetsart University. All rights reserved.
Standardization and Evaluation of Diode LASER for the Excision of Superficial Growths in Dogs
(Indian Veterinary Assocaition, 2022) Devinder Pal Singh; Ashwani Kumar; Rahul Kumar Udehiya; N. Umeshwori Devi; Kuldeep Gupta; Arun Anand
This study standardized diode LASER on six adult canine cadavers for optimum power settings (6W to 12W at 980nm wavelength) required to make a 3 cm full thickness skin incision. Increasing the power setting reduced both the time required and the total energy absorbed by tissues. However, the low power setting (6W) was associated with more severe charring. Based on the gross and histological parameters, the power settings of 8W and 10W were assessed as optimum and used for the resection of superficial growths in 18 dogs. Growths<2cm (group I) and 2-5 cm (in group II) were excised using diode LASER at 8W; whereas, 10W was used in group III (5-10 cm). Growth size influenced the degree of charring, haemorrhage, total energy absorbed and time required for complete excision; however, degree of charring could not be correlated with the total energy absorbed. Presence of inflammation and oedema, quality of scar and cosmetic appearances were associated with the size of growth. Out of 18 cases, 3 showed wound dehiscence probably associated with the critical location of the lesions since the growths were near elbow and stifle joint and 2 cases (mast cell tumour and osteosarcoma) had local recurrence. Diode LASER (at 980 nm wavelength) is recommended as an alternative surgical modality at 8W and 10W for the excision of superficial growths in dogs sized<5 cm and 5-10 cm, respectively. © 2022 Indian Veterinary Assocaition. All rights reserved.