Browsing by Author "Raj Bahadur Singh"

Now showing 1 - 2 of 2

Effects of Drought Stress on Agricultural Plants, and Molecular Strategies for Drought Tolerant Crop Development
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023) Shashi Ranjan; Aman Prakash; Raj Bahadur Singh; Pragalbh Tiwari; Sayan Bhattacharya; Potshangbam Nongdam; Abdel Rahman Al-Tawaha; Milan Kumar Lal; Rahul Kumar Tiwari; Sayanti Mandal; Abhijit Dey
In natural environment, plants are subjected to encounter various kinds of abiotic stresses. Drought stress is the inevitable factor that onsets without the identification of any borders or without any warning. It is the most significant environmental stress brought on by fluctuations in temperature, light intensity, and low rainfall. It deteriorates plant biomass production, quality, and energy, leading to adverse effects on the growth and production of plants. Abiotic stress causes physical damage, physiological and biochemical disruptions, and molecular changes. Depending on the species, plants have developed a variety of intricate resistance and adaptive mechanisms, including physiological and biochemical responses, to deal with this stress. Plants have acquired a variety of strategies to deal with drought stress, including altered stomatal conductance and distribution, altered growth pattern and structural dynamics, reduced transpiration loss, increased root length, accumulation of compatible solutes, increased transpiration efficiency, osmotic and hormonal regulation, and delayed senescence. Breeding strategies, molecular and genomics perspectives, emphasizing the alteration of omics technology metabolomics, proteomics, genomics, transcriptomics, genomics, and phenomics that improve plant stress tolerance, and marker-assisted selections are the major drought stress alleviation measures. Additionally, CRISPR-Cas method has opened up new dimensions and promises in developing drought tolerant plants. In the present chapter, the evidence on plant responses to drought stresses are explained and their possible defense measures are discussed. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023.
Ethical, societal issues, and future challenges of plant CRISPR technologies
(Elsevier, 2025) Aman Prakash; Sayanti Mandal; Shashi Ranjan; Nishtha Sood; Raj Bahadur Singh; S. Dasaratha Kumar; Nidhi Kumari
The gene editing tools, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein (CRISPR/Cas,) have brought about a revolutionary shift in the field of plant breeding and molecular biology. In prokaryotes, it is a component of the adaptive immune system for providing defense against viruses. It has been modified to act in plants, thus representing an excellent, programmable endonuclease enzyme with target specificity, simplicity of use, and cost-effectiveness, allowing for precise genetic modification of crop species, which opens the door for the development of improved germplasm. Its rapid development has led to widespread applications in research, biomedicine, and agriculture, but also poses new regulatory challenges worldwide due to ethical, safety, and technical concerns. Moreover, genome editing (GE) with engineered nucleases is increasingly utilized in agricultural crop development for gene discovery and trait enhancement. While traditional concerns about GM foods have been extensively debated, CRISPR-Cas9 technology introduces new ethical and regulatory dilemmas related to its impact on health, the environment, and society. This technology is at the forefront of GE, with growing use in academic research for gene function studies and in creating improved crop varieties. The global debate continues on the policies and regulations surrounding CRISPR-edited crops. © 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.