Browsing by Author "Rajan Kumar Gupta"

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A New Record of Canomaculina (Parmeliaceae, Ascomycota) from Western Himalaya, India
(Springer, 2019) Himanshu Rai; Sanjeeva Nayaka; Dalip Kumar Upreti; Rajan Kumar Gupta
The study hereby describes the occurrence of a new record of Parmelioid-lichenized fungi Canomaculina haitiensis (Hale) Elix from India. The species is described on nylon net house from western Himalaya. A revised key to the genus Canomaculina in India is provided incorporating the new record. © 2019, The National Academy of Sciences, India.
Advancement of Abiotic Stresses for Microalgal Lipid Production and Its Bioprospecting into Sustainable Biofuels
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2023) Rahul Prasad Singh; Priya Yadav; Indrajeet Kumar; Manoj Kumar Solanki; Rajib Roychowdhury; Ajay Kumar; Rajan Kumar Gupta
The world is currently facing global energy crises and escalating environmental pollution, which are caused by the extensive exploitation of conventional energy sources. The limited availability of conventional energy sources has opened the door to the search for alternative energy sources. In this regard, microalgae have emerged as a promising substitute for conventional energy sources due to their high photosynthetic rate, high carbohydrate and lipid content, efficient CO2 fixation capacity, and ability to thrive in adverse environments. The research and development of microalgal-based biofuel as a clean and sustainable alternative energy source has been ongoing for many years, but it has not yet been widely adopted commercially. However, it is currently gaining greater attention due to the integrated biorefinery concept. This study provides an in-depth review of recent advances in microalgae cultivation techniques and explores methods for increasing lipid production by manipulating environmental factors. Furthermore, our discussions have covered high lipid content microalgal species, harvesting methods, biorefinery concepts, process optimizing software tools, and the accumulation of triglycerides in lipid droplets. The study additionally explores the influence of abiotic stresses on the response of biosynthetic genes involved in lipid synthesis and metabolism. In conclusion, algae-based biofuels offer a viable alternative to traditional fuels for meeting the growing demand for energy. © 2023 by the authors.
Algal Metabolites Can Be an Immune Booster against COVID-19 Pandemic
(MDPI, 2022) Ajay Kumar; Rahul Prasad Singh; Indrajeet Kumar; Priya Yadav; Sandeep Kumar Singh; Kaushalendra; Prashant Kumar Singh; Rajan Kumar Gupta; Shiv Mohan Singh; Mahipal Singh Kesawat; Ganesh Dattatraya Saratale; Sang-Min Chung; Manu Kumar
The world has faced the challenges of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) for the last two years, first diagnosed at the end of 2019 in Wuhan and widely distributed worldwide. As a result, the WHO has proclaimed the illness brought on by this virus to be a global pandemic. To combat COVID-19, researcher communities continuously develop and implement rapid diagnoses, safe and effective vaccinations and other alternative therapeutic procedures. However, synthetic drug-related side effects and high costs have piqued scientists’ interest in natural product-based therapies and medicines. In this regard, antiviral substances derived from natural resources and some medicines have seen a boom in popularity. For instance, algae are a rich source of compounds such as lectins and sulfated polysaccharides, which have potent antiviral and immunity-boosting properties. Moreover, Algae-derived compounds or metabolites can be used as antibodies and vaccine raw materials against COVID-19. Furthermore, some algal species can boost immunity, reduce viral activity in humans and be recommended for usage as a COVID-19 preventative measure. However, this field of study is still in its early stages of development. Therefore, this review addresses critical characteristics of algal metabolites, their antioxidant potential and therapeutic potential in COVID-19. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
An annual algal diversity of Lakhna, Etawah, Uttar Pradesh, India
(Applied and Natural Science Foundation, 2019) Omesh Bajpai; Narendra Mohan; Jitendra Mohan; Rajan Kumar Gupta
The nature of an ecosystem can be easily assumed by the presence of planktonic diversity, as they have a major role in oxygen amelioration, binding and removal of toxic substances from water body. The present enumeration deals with the annual algal diversity from the Lakhna town of Etawah, Uttar Pradesh. During this one year period, total fifty-four species of Algae recorded viz. Achnanthes minutissima, Amphora ovalis, Anabaena oscillarioides, A. oryzae, Ankistrodesmus falcatus, Aphanocapsa littoralis, Aphanothece microscopica, Arthrospira sp., Calothrix gloeocola, Chlorella vulgaris, Chlorococcum humicola, Chroococcus minor, C. minutes, Cladophora glomerata, Closterium venus, Coelosphaerium kuetzingianum, Cyclotella meneghiniana, Cylindrospermum minutissi-mum, Euglena minuta, Fragilaria crotonensis, Gloeocapsa magma, Gloeotrichia pisum, Gomphonema parvulum, Hydrodictyon reticulatum, Lyngbya contorta, L. epiphytica, L. majuscula, Merismopedia glauca, M. tenuissima, Microcystis aeruginosa, M. flos-aquae, M. robusta, Mougeotia calcarea, Navicula ambigua, N. brebissonii, N. lata, Nostoc commune, N. punctiforme, Oscillatoria formosa, O. subuliformis, O. princeps, Pediastrum boryanum, Phormidium ambiguum, P. fragile, P. lucidum, Rivularia aquatica, Scenedes-mus bijuga, S. obliquus, Spirogyra affinis, S. submaxima, Spirulina gigantea, S. major, Ulothrix zonata, Zygnema collinsianum. This information can be used as baseline data and may be further used to assess any change in algal diversity of Gangetic plain after a sufficient gap to understand the impact of changing climate on it. © 2019, Applied and Natural Science Foundation. All rights reserved.
Beneficial and negative impacts of wastewater for sustainable agricultural irrigation: Current knowledge and future perspectives
(Elsevier B.V., 2023) Priya Yadav; Rahul Prasad Singh; Rajan Kumar Gupta; Sandeep Kumar Singh; Hariom Verma; Prashant Kumar Singh; Kaushalendra; Kapil D. Pandey; Ajay Kumar
Currently world faces the high risk of water crisis and the rising human population and changing climatic conditions accelerate this challenge. Therefore there is urgent need of water management for the human beings and all the living organisms. Agriculture is currently the world's largest water consumer. Furthermore, it has been anticipated that by 2050, the amount of water available for agricultural irrigation will have to increased by 70% to meet the demand of food for the rising global population. In this scenario, wastewater may be a viable option as a source of water for the agricultural irrigation. Although the waste water contains various trace elements and fertilizers contents and these can be used to enhance the agricultural production. However the presence of heavy load of some toxic compounds/metals in the waste water negatively affect the quality of plant, soil as well as environment and human health. Therefore in this chapter we have discussed briefly the merit and demerits of waste water utilization for agricultural irrigation. © 2023 Elsevier Inc.
Bioprospecting and mechanisms of cyanobacterial hydrogen production and recent development for its enhancement as a clean energy
(Springer Nature, 2023) Rahul Prasad Singh; Priya Yadav; Indrajeet Kumar; Ajay Kumar; Rajan Kumar Gupta
Energy security is a major concern for economic strength worldwide because of fossil resource depletion and rising costs. The synthesis of biohydrogen from cyanobacteria is a viable alternative clean and renewable energy source with significant viable potential. Cyanobacteria are highly relevant and valuable as prospective hydrogen producers because they produce hydrogen from water due to solar energy conversion. Furthermore, cyanobacteria have high photosynthetic efficiency and produce a large amount of biomass, which is used as a fourth-generation feedstock to produce biohydrogen. The yield of cyanobacterial biohydrogen has been improved in various ways with limited information in a systematic way. That's why the current state of research in the field of cyanobacterial hydrogen production enhancement is discussed with earlier published reports in this chapter. The major aim of this chapter is to discuss cyanobacterial hydrogen production, characteristics and roles of nitrogenase and hydrogenase enzymes concerned with hydrogen production, the various mechanisms of hydrogen production, recent metabolic pathway developments, modern photobioreactor efficiency, new cyanobacterial molecular genetic engineering and synthetic cyanobacterial biology. Finally, the major limitations to more efficient cyanobacterial hydrogen production and improvements for future commercialisation are also discussed. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2023.
Contamination of soil and food chain through wastewater application
(Elsevier B.V., 2023) Priya Yadav; Rahul Prasad Singh; Rajan Kumar Gupta; Twinkle Pradhan; Amit Raj; Sandeep Kumar Singh; Kaushalendra; Kapil D. Pandey; Ajay Kumar
Current time, wastewater irrigation is becoming more prominent as a response to the decline in freshwater resources triggered by climate change. Globally, population density and freshwater resources are not distributed equitably. Wastewater irrigation has been identified as a severe environmental concern in many nations due to pesticides, heavy metal, etc. accumulation in food crops and soils, as well as potential health hazards to those who consume these foods. In terms of agricultural use, as well as environmental contamination and toxicological, this approach has both beneficial and negative consequences. However, wastewater is a significant necessary source of plant nutrients, the presence of harmful pollutants and bacteria in wastewater poses a number of environmental, sanitary, and health hazards after long-term agricultural irrigation. As wastewater irrigation becomes more common, human health risks become more important since the advantages to food security and livelihoods must be evaluated against exposure to various contaminants. This chapter discussed the impact of wastewater irrigation on the biological, chemical, and physical attributes of soil including pH, anions and cations, organic matter, and microbial activities. We described how potentially toxic elements (PTEs) accumulate in soil body and how they are transferred to flora and fauna. © 2023 Elsevier Inc.
Cyanobacteria and salinity stress tolerance
(Elsevier, 2022) Rahul Prasad Singh; Priya Yadav; Reena Kujur; Kapil Deo Pandey; Rajan Kumar Gupta
Cyanobacteria are primitive oxygenic photoautotrophic organisms called blue-green algae, which are found in all types of habitat. Due to their evolutionary history, a cyanobacterium with a cosmopolitan distribution ranges from saline soils to coastal swamps. Both the heterocystous and nonheterocystous cyanobacteria differently feature under high salinity stress. High salt concentration during stress reduces the water availability inside cytosol and increases the amount of inorganic ions. The hypersaline condition affects the cyanobacterial growth, photosynthesis, plasma membrane composition, and alteration of several other biochemical reactions. High salinity causes both osmotic and ionic stress, which causes oxidative damages. The generation of an antioxidative defense system could mitigate this, and cyanobacterial cell also has several defense mechanisms to acclimate under high salinity stress. Most of the work has focused on several specific salinity-sensing mechanisms and the identification of numerous proteins forming under salt stress. However, this chapter summarizes the adaptive mechanism of the cyanobacterial cell under salt tolerance and their bioreclamation properties for salt-affected soil will help in remediation of reconstructing green agriculture and promote the sustainable development of human society. © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Cyanobacteria as a Biocontrol Agent
(Springer International Publishing, 2022) Priya Yadav; Rahul Prasad Singh; Arun Kumar Patel; K.D. Pandey; Rajan Kumar Gupta
Cyanobacteria, one of the least investigated microbes, may synthesize and generate a significant number of antimicribial secondary metabolites. As they are ubiquitous in distribution and present in all possible habitats, cyanobacteria have developed several mechanisms to survive in various extreme habitats. Also, they are compatible biocatalysts, and they can be used in the field of “white biotechnology” for increasing the sustainable manufacture of nutraceutical and pharmaceutical compounds as novel drugs and also as clean energy sources such as biodiesel and hydrogen. Cyanobacteria are known as a mother of wide categories of secondary metabolites with different biological activities, i.e., antibacterial, antitumoral, antiviral, antifungal, antialgal, antimalarial, antiinflammatory, and anticancer properties. In this chapter, we try to uncover the application of various metabolites like phytols, free fatty acids, exopolysaccharides, phenolics, terpenoids, phytoene, sterols, carotenoids, MAAs, scytonemin, phytohormones, cyanotoxins, biocides (algicides, fungicides, bactericides, and insecticides), etc. and its various applications. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022.
Development of a high-frequency in vitro regeneration system in Indian lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.)
(Springer, 2024) Rita Verma; Ankita Yadav; Rajan Kumar Gupta; Indraneel Sanyal
The Indian lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) is a popular ornamental plant and a source of traditional herbal medicine. Its various parts are widely used in the pharmaceutical, cosmeceutical, and nutraceutical industries. The recent study aimed to develop a high-frequency in vitro regeneration system in Indian lotus. This study utilizes the pink lotus cultivar from the Botanical Garden of CSIR-NBRI Lucknow. The study was successfully achieved through direct and indirect methods using different plant growth regulators (PGRs). A direct regeneration system was established using explants shoot apical meristem and plumule cultured on SIM supplemented with 17 combinations and concentrations of BAP and NAA. Both explants produced the highest number of shoots with a combination of 4.44 μM BAP and 0.55 μM NAA. The highest number of shoots per explant 25 ± 1.0 was developed from the shoot apical meristem, while the plumule explant developed 16.3 ± 0.5 shoots per explant. Thereafter, the plantlets were transferred to LRIM, which contained 17 combinations and concentrations of NAA or IBA and BAP. The maximum number of roots, per explant 23.6 ± 0.5, was developed from shoot apical meristem using 2.22 μM NAA and 0.54 μM BAP. The highest number of roots, per explant 23 ± 1.0, was developed from the plumule using 4.44 μM IBA. Indirect somatic embryogenesis has been established through callus culture. The leaf segments were cultured onto a callus induction medium supplemented with ten combinations of 2,4-D and BAP. The high-frequency callus formation 24.33 ± 0.5 was obtained with a 5.0 μM 2,4-D and 1.0 μM BAP combination. All developmental stages at the proembryo, globular, heart, torpedo, and mature embryos were formed on concentrations of 2,4-D and BAP. After inducing shoot and root growth, well-developed plantlets were transferred to the greenhouse, resulting in a success rate of 18.47%. © The Society for In Vitro Biology 2024.
Enhancing Biocrust Development and Plant Growth through Inoculation of Desiccation-Tolerant Cyanobacteria in Different Textured Soils
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2023) Priya Yadav; Rahul Prasad Singh; Abeer Hashem; Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah; Gustavo Santoyo; Ajay Kumar; Rajan Kumar Gupta
In recent years, there has been a burgeoning interest in the utilization of cyanobacteria for the purpose of land rehabilitation via enhancements in soil fertility, prevent erosion, and counter desertification. This study evaluated the ability of Nostoc calcicola BOT1, Scytonema sp. BOT2, and their consortia to form biocrusts on the substrate of coarse sand, fine sand, and loamy soil. A nutrient- and water-deficient substrate was inoculated with cyanobacteria to facilitate biocrust formation and evaluate their impact on agriculture. Cyanobacteria inoculation resulted in significant improvements in soil fertility, especially in coarse and fine sand, which initially had the lowest fertility. The findings of this investigation underscore that the consortium of cyanobacteria exhibited greater efficacy than individual strains in enhancing soil fertility and stimulating plant growth. The loamy soil treated with the consortium had the highest plant growth across all soil types, in contrast to the individual strains. The consortium of cyanobacteria showed promising results in promoting biocrust formation and fostering rice seedling growth in fine sand. This study provides empirical evidence supporting the potential utility of cyanobacterial consortia as a valuable tool for the rehabilitation of degraded land. Furthermore, the results indicate that cyanobacterial species can persist in soil environments even following prolonged periods of desiccation. © 2023 by the authors.
Exploration of a Niche Specific, a Rare Desmid (Zygnematophyceae, Charophyta) Species from India, Oocardium corbettensis sp. nov.
(Pleiades Publishing, 2024) Abhinav Sharma; Sachitra Kumar Ratha; Rajan Kumar Gupta; Kiran Toppo
Abstract: Corbett Tiger Reserve (CTR) is the first and oldest tiger reserve for biodiversity conservation, which is located in the ecologically significant Bhabar-Terai region, foothills of the Himalayas in the Nainital and Pauri district, Uttarakhand, India. However, because of popular wildlife tourism destination and increased tourism in the CTR has caused alterations in habitat structures leading to temporary or permanent habitat loss. During the algal exploration, the specimen was observed on the metamorphic rock of slow running stream from the reserve forest area. Worldwide desmids are known for their extraordinary ornamental structures and indicators of oligotrophic environments. In the present investigation, the epilithic desmid, Oocardium corbettensis sp. nov. has been observed and reported from the Western Himalayan ranges of Corbett Tiger Reserve, India for the first time from India. This unusual, minute desmid is described and assigned to the genus Oocardium and compared with similar species and varieties of the genus Oocardium. This taxon exhibits certain unique features such as undulated rough, thick cell wall with semi-cells semicircular and varied even in cell dimensions from all existing varieties and species of Oocardium. Based on the morphological variations, a new species Oocardium corbettensis sp. nov. was reported and named after Corbett Tiger Reserve, from where this desmid was collected. The physico-chemical analysis of the water body where O. corbettensis sp. nov. was found revealed slightly alkaline conditions, with a pH of 7.7, conductivity (88.57 µS cm–1), total dissolved solids (41.87 mg L–1), salinity (0.04‰), water temperature (15°C), dissolved oxygen (8.2 mg L–1), free CO2 (17.47 mg L–1), calcium (2.3 mg L–1), magnesium (2.3 mg L–1), total hardness (5.7 mg L–1), alkalinity (102 mg L–1), potassium (0.55 mg L–1), nitrate nitrogen (0.12 mg L–1), soluble reactive phosphorous (0.92 mg L–1), and ammonium nitrogen (0.18 mg L–1). Based on trophic status score of 1.6, the water quality of the study site was clean (oligotrophic status). Thus, Oocardium corbettensis sp. nov. can be considered as an oligotrophic species. © Pleiades Publishing, Inc. 2024.
Impact of dehydration on the physiochemical properties of Nostoc calcicola BOT1 and its untargeted metabolic profiling through UHPLC-HRMS
(Frontiers Media SA, 2023) Priya Yadav; Rahul Prasad Singh; Hissah Abdulrahman Alodaini; Ashraf Atef Hatamleh; Gustavo Santoyo; Ajay Kumar; Rajan Kumar Gupta
The global population growth has led to a higher demand for food production, necessitating improvements in agricultural productivity. However, abiotic and biotic stresses pose significant challenges, reducing crop yields and impacting economic and social welfare. Drought, in particular, severely constrains agriculture, resulting in unproductive soil, reduced farmland, and jeopardized food security. Recently, the role of cyanobacteria from soil biocrusts in rehabilitating degraded land has gained attention due to their ability to enhance soil fertility and prevent erosion. The present study focused on Nostoc calcicola BOT1, an aquatic, diazotrophic cyanobacterial strain collected from an agricultural field at Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India. The aim was to investigate the effects of different dehydration treatments, specifically air drying (AD) and desiccator drying (DD) at various time intervals, on the physicochemical properties of N. calcicola BOT1. The impact of dehydration was assessed by analyzing the photosynthetic efficiency, pigments, biomolecules (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, osmoprotectants), stress biomarkers, and non-enzymatic antioxidants. Furthermore, an analysis of the metabolic profiles of 96-hour DD and control mats was conducted using UHPLC-HRMS. Notably, there was a significant decrease in amino acid levels, while phenolic content, fatty acids, and lipids increased. These changes in metabolic activity during dehydration highlighted the presence of metabolite pools that contribute to the physiological and biochemical adjustments of N. calcicola BOT1, mitigating the impact of dehydration to some extent. Overall, present study demonstrated the accumulation of biochemical and non-enzymatic antioxidants in dehydrated mats, which could be utilized to stabilize unfavorable environmental conditions. Additionally, the strain N. calcicola BOT1 holds promise as a biofertilizer for semi-arid regions. Copyright © 2023 Yadav, Singh, Alodaini, Hatamleh, Santoyo, Kumar and Gupta.
Lichen Colonization on Unusual Man-Made Substratum in Western Himalaya
(Springer, 2020) Himanshu Rai; Roshni Khare; Sugam Gupta; Dalip Kumar Upreti; Rajan Kumar Gupta; Bhaskar Charan Behera; Pradeep Kumar Sharma
The lichens along with their natural substratum colonize a variety of man-made substratum. After about half a century of lichenological research in India, there has been no record of lichen colonization on the man-made artificial substratum. The authors here for the first time report colonization of five species of lichens on three samples from two unusual habitats—iron railway sleepers—Heterodermia galactophylla (Tuck.) W.L. Culb. and abandoned woolen socks—Xanthoparmelia bellatula (Kurok. & Filson) Elix & J. Johnst., Physcia gomukhensis D.D. Awasthi & S.R. Singh, Xanthoparmelia congensis (J. Steiner) Hale and Xanthoria candelaria (L.) Th. Fr. in western Himalaya. Two supplementary tables (S1 and S2) are provided, giving details of collection sites and lichen species identified in each sample. The study revealed the extended geographical distribution of the two lichen species, i.e., Heterodermia galactophylla (Tuck.) W.L. Culb and Physcia gomukhensis D.D. Awasthi & S.R. Singh, highlighting the importance of such studies of unusual habitats in lichen diversity and preparation of their inventories. © 2020, The National Academy of Sciences, India.
Lichenized fungi, a primary bioindicator/biomonitor for bio-mitigation of excessive ambient air nitrogen deposition worldwide
(Elsevier, 2022) Himanshu Rai; Rajan Kumar Gupta
Nitrogen pollution is one of the most critical factors that has become a threat to the subsistence of life on earth. The increasing use of nitrogen fertilizers had made technological interventions of little use in its mitigation. Biomonitors such as lichens can be a sustainable tool for accessing the effects of nitrogen eutrophication in the ambient environment at very early stages. Lichens can tolerate higher concentrations of nitrogen through metabolic adaptations and community change dynamics. The higher nitrogen deposition of nitrogen in the ambient environment is reflected in the change in lichen community composition, ecophysiology, stable nitrogen isotope ratio, and biochemistry. The changes induced in lichens against nitrogen pollution are being used for bioindicator and/or biomonitoring purposes worldwide. The nitrogen bioaccumulation in lichens has also helped assess the critical nitrogen loads for native vegetation and in the habitats with dominant growth, also acts as a sink for deposited nitrogen. The current chapter hereby reviews the normal assimilation of nitrogen in lichens, the mechanisms of excessive nitrogen tolerance, the effect on the fauna dependent on them as food, and the various parameters that make them one of the most appropriate indicators of excessive ambient air nitrogen deposition worldwide. © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Mechanisms of Stress Tolerance in Cyanobacteria under Extreme Conditions
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2022) Priya Yadav; Rahul Prasad Singh; Shashank Rana; Diksha Joshi; Dharmendra Kumar; Nikunj Bhardwaj; Rajan Kumar Gupta; Ajay Kumar
Cyanobacteria are oxygen-evolving photoautotrophs with worldwide distribution in every possible habitat, and they account for half of the global primary productivity. Because of their ability to thrive in a hostile environment, cyanobacteria are categorized as “extremophiles”. They have evolved a fascinating repository of distinct secondary metabolites and biomolecules to promote their development and survival in various habitats, including severe conditions. However, developing new proteins/enzymes and metabolites is mostly directed by an appropriate gene regulation system that results in stress adaptations. However, only few proteins have been characterized to date that have the potential to improve resistance against abiotic stresses. As a result, studying environmental stress responses to post-genomic analysis, such as proteome changes using latest structural proteomics and synthetic biology techniques, is critical. In this regard, scientists working on these topics will benefit greatly from the stress of proteomics research. Progress in these disciplines will aid in understanding cyanobacteria’s physiology, biochemical, and metabolic systems. This review summarizes the most recent key findings of cyanobacterial proteome study under various abiotic stresses and the application of secondary metabolites formed during different abiotic conditions. © 2022 by the authors.
Mechanistic approaches and factors regulating microalgae mediated heavy metal remediation from the aquatic ecosystem
(Elsevier B.V., 2023) Kapil D. Pandey; Sandeep Kumar Singh; Livleen Shukla; Vineet Kumar Rai; Rahul Prasad Singh; Priya Yadav; Rajan Kumar Gupta; Prashant Kumar Singh; Kaushalendra; Ajay Kumar
Heavy metal is considered to be most lethal and toxic when entered in food chain along with terrestrial aquatic system. The waste water is an important source of deposition of heavy metals or toxic elements in the aquatic ecosystem, Hence remediation becomes very important for the survivality of living organisms present in the aquatic ecosystem. Microalga technology plays vital role in heavy metal remediation from the aquatic ecosystem as microalgae dominates over other biological organism and other traditional method to detoxify heavy metals in an eco-friendly manner. The remediated heavy metals are taken up by the microalgae as a nutrient source, which helps in producing biomass which is valorize into different forms of energy as world is facing immense energy crises, so microalgae is considered to be alternative form of fossil fuel which helps in overcoming energy crisis by producing different type of biofuel. © 2023 Elsevier Inc.
Microbial biosurfactant: A next-generation biomolecules for sustainable agriculture
(Elsevier, 2024) Priya Yadav; Shristi Sharma; Rahul Prasad Singh; Rajan Kumar Gupta; Rachana Singh; Ajay Kumar
The microbial surfactants are also superior to their chemical counterparts due to their eco-friendliness, low or even nontoxic nature, durability at higher temperatures, and wide range of pH changes. Further expanding their use in the food, pharmaceutical, and pharma industries, biosurfactants can also inhibit the flow of oxidation by evoking antioxidant, antibacterial, anticancerous, and drug delivery system properties. Nowadays, biosurfactants are widely used to enhance soil quality by increasing the concentration of trace elements. They are also combined with pesticides or sprayed alone on plant surfaces to control plant diseases. We summarize the most recent developments in microbially produced biosurfactant molecules in this study, as well as the production-restraining factors for biosurfactant and their use in managing plant diseases and improving soil quality. © 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.
Modern strategy of cyanobacterial biohydrogen production and current approaches toward its enhancement
(Elsevier, 2022) Rahul Prasad Singh; Priya Yadav; Rajan Kumar Gupta
Cyanobacterial-based hydrogen production is an environmentally sustainable and economically feasible energy source, which appears to be a viable alternative for the future. The current condition of the research in cyanobacterial hydrogen production is described in the present study. Cyanobacteria are highly relevant and valuable as prospective hydrogen producers since they produce hydrogen from water due to solar energy conversion. However, hydrogen production is a complicated biotechnological process with the primary stumbling block; cyanobacteria have limited ability to generate hydrogen at present, a complex strategy for enhancing hydrogen production can improve the chances for the generation of hydrogen energy from cyanobacterial cells. This chapter summarizes current thoughts on cyanobacterial role in biohydrogen generation. It explains every step involved, scientific achievements, existing problems, and suggestions for future research goals and objectives in the process. © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Pathogenic microbes in wastewater: Identification and characterization
(Elsevier B.V., 2023) Rahul Prasad Singh; Priya Yadav; Rajan Kumar Gupta; Sandeep Kumar Singh; Hariom Verma; Prashant Kumar Singh; Kaushalendra; Kapil D. Pandey; Ajay Kumar
The rapid global industrialization and rising word human populations produced every year billions tons of wastewater and it has been estimated that more than 75% of these wastewater discharged into the open land without any treatment. However, these waste water contains huge amount of chemicals, pathogenic microorganism, heavy metals and toxic substances etc. The pathogenic wastewater microbe's identification and characterization has become one of the most challenging aspects, Molecular approaches have provided the means to examine and classify harmful microbial diversity and characterize specific organisms without the necessity for cultivation throughout the previous decade. Despite the need for quick molecular results, conventional wastewater microbial detection assays can take several days to produce a result. This timeframe is no longer acceptable, given the emergence of new molecular-based technologies. This chapter discusses current latest techniques which are used to characterize and identify the pathogenic microbes in the waste water. © 2023 Elsevier Inc.