Browsing by Author "Rajesh Gupta"

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3-Nitropropionic acid-induced depression of spinal reflexes does not involve 5-hydroxytryptaminergic system in contrast to ischemia-induced depression in neonatal rat spinal cord in vitro
(2008) Rajesh Gupta; Archana Jha; Shripad B. Deshpande
The involvement of 5-hydroxytryptaminergic (5-HTergic) system for the 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NPA)-induced depression of spinal reflexes was evaluated and compared with other energy deficiency condition (ischemia; glucose-free and O2-free). The monosynaptic (MSR) and polysynaptic reflex (PSR) potentials were recorded at ventral root by stimulating the corresponding dorsal root in neonatal rat spinal cord in vitro. Superfusion of 3-NPA (3.4 mM) or ischemic solution depressed the reflexes in a time-dependent manner abolishing them by 35 min. Pretreatment with pindolol (1 μM), ketanserin (10 μM) or ondansetron (0.1 μM); 5-HT1, 5-HT2, or 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, respectively, did not block the 3-NPA-induced depression of reflexes whereas, ischemia-induced depression was blocked by ondansetron. 5-HT content of the spinal cords incubated with 3-NPA (3.4 mM) for 30 min was decreased significantly (33 ng/g tissue) while increased (286 ng/g) in cords exposed to ischemic solution as compared to saline-treated cords (161 ng/g). Thus, 3-NPA-induced depression of spinal reflexes does not involve 5-HTergic pathway unlike ischemia-induced depression. © 2008 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
3-Nitropropionic acid-induced depression of spinal reflexes involves mechanisms different from ischemia-induced depression
(2008) Rajesh Gupta; Shripad B. Deshpande
Effect of 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NPA) and ischemia (glucose- and O2-free solution) on synaptic transmission in hemisected spinal cord from 4 to 8 day old rats was examined in vitro. Stimulation of a dorsal root (L3-5 segments) evoked monosynaptic (MSR) and polysynaptic reflex (PSR) potentials in the segmental ventral root. Superfusion of 3-NPA (0.17-3.4 mM) depressed the reflexes in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. At 3.4 mM of 3-NPA, the reflexes were abolished by 35 min. Time required to produce 50% depression (T-50) was around 170, 80, 40 and 17 min for MSR and 110, 70, 25 and 16 min for PSR at 0.17, 0.51, 1.7 and 3.4 mM of 3-NPA, respectively. Ischemia also produced a time-dependent depression of reflexes and abolished them by 35 min and the T-50 values were around 18 min. Presence of creatine phosphate (10 mM) in the superfusing medium did not alter the time course of 3-NPA-induced depression of reflexes but prolonged the ischemia-induced depression. dl-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (NMDA receptor antagonist; 10 μM) failed to block the 3-NPA (3.4 mM)-induced depression of reflexes, but blocked the ischemia-induced depression. The results indicate that 3-NPA-induced depression of spinal reflexes does not involve NMDA receptors and is different from ischemia-induced depression. © 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Assessment of Pelargonium graveolens oil as plant-based antimicrobial and aflatoxin suppressor in food preservation
(2008) Priyanka Singh; Bhawana Srivastava; Ashok Kumar; Rajesh Kumar; Nawal K. Dubey; Rajesh Gupta
BACKGROUND: Contamination of stored food commodities by moulds and mycotoxins results in qualitative as well as quantitative losses. Most of the synthetic antimicrobials used for preservation of stored food items produce side effects in the form of residual and mammalian toxicity. Recently some higher plant products have been recommended as safe alternatives of such synthetic antimicrobials. In the present investigation antifungal efficacy of some essential oils was evaluated against two toxigenic strains of Aspergillus flavus with special reference to the oil of Pelargonium graveolens to investigate its potential to inhibit aflatoxin B1 secretion. RESULTS: Essential oil of P. graveolens exhibited absolute fungitoxicity against both the toxigenic strains of A. flavus. The minimum inhibitory concentration of the oil was found to be 0.75 g L-1 and exhibited a fungistatic nature. It was found superior over the synthetic fungicides tested and exhibited a broad fungitoxic spectrum. The oil showed excellent anti-aflatoxigenic efficacy as it completely inhibited aflatoxin B1 production even at 0.50 g L-1. CONCLUSION: This is the first report on the aflatoxin B1 inhibitory nature of P. graveolens oil. It may be recommended as a novel plant-based antimicrobial as well as aflatoxin B1 suppressor over synthetic preservatives in food protection. © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry.
Effects of rotational delay shiftwork/jetlag on circadian rhythm, stress and inflammatory responses in the diurnal mammal Funambulus pennantii
(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2025) Madhumita Mishra; Rajesh Gupta; Deepak Kumar; Sandhya; Soumik Ghosh; Muniyandi Singaravel
Although delay-based shiftwork/jetlag schedules are often considered less disruptive than advances and are increasingly adopted in occupational settings, their long-term impact on physiological homeostasis remains underexplored. In this study, we investigated the consequences of repeated phase delays on circadian alignment, oxidative balance, endocrine function, and systemic inflammation in the diurnal rodent Funambulus pennantii. Animals were kept either under a stable 12:12 hour light-dark (LD) cycle or subjected to a successive delay rotational shift (SDRS) schedule for 28 days. In the SDRS schedule, the light phase was delayed by 8 hours every two days, and every seventh day, animals were returned to the normal LD cycle for rest. SDRS exposure led to marked circadian misalignment, evident from disrupted and desynchronized locomotor activity rhythms. Biochemical analyses revealed reduced serum melatonin and antioxidant enzyme activity (SOD, CAT), along with elevated corticosterone levels, indicating stress induction. Moreover, animals under SDRS showed significant increases in pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β), highlighting immune activation. Our results highlight that delay-based shift schedules, often considered less harmful, can significantly impair physiological resilience, warranting a re-evaluation of their perceived safety due to their stress and inflammatory effects in diurnal systems. © 2025 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Efficacy of essential oil of amomum subulatum as a novel aflatoxin b1 suppressor
(2008) Priyanka Singh; Bhawana Srivastava; Ashok Kumar; N.K. Dubey; Rajesh Gupta
Essential oils from different parts of 12 plants belonging to eight angiospermic families were extracted and tested for activity against two toxigenic strains of Aspergillus flavus link. through the poisoned food technique. The oil of the spice plant Amomum subulatum Roxb. (Fam. Zingiberaceae) was found effective against two strains of A. flavus, completely inhibiting their mycelial growth at 750 g mL-1. This level of activity was superior to that of the synthetic fungicides tested. In addition, the oil exhibited a broad fungitoxic spectrum against all the tested fungi (A. niger, A. fumigatus, A. terreus, Alternaria alternata, Cladosporium herbarum, Curvularia lunata, Fusarium oxysporum, Helminthosporium oryzae, and Trichoderma viride), significantly inhibiting their growth at 750 g mL-1. The essential oil displayed excellent antiaflatoxigenic efficacy, completely inhibiting aflatoxin B1 production at 500 g mL-1. Hence, A. subulatum oil may be recommended as a novel, botanical antimicrobial and aflatoxin suppressor as an alternative to synthetic preservatives. © 2008 by The Haworth Press. All rights reserved.
Involvement of nitric oxide in 3-nitropropionic acid-induced depression of spinal reflexes in neonatal rat spinal cord in vitro
(2009) Rajesh Gupta; Shripad B. Deshpande
The objective of the present investigation is to study the involvement of nitric oxide (NO) in 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NPA)-induced depression of spinal reflexes. Experiments were conducted on preparations of hemisected spinal cord isolated from 4 to 8 day old rats. Stimulation of a dorsal root evoked reflex potentials (monosynaptic, MSR; polysynaptic, PSR) in the corresponding segmental ventral root. Superfusion of 3-NPA (3.4 mM) depressed the spinal reflexes in a time-dependent manner and the reflexes were abolished after 35 min. The time required to produce 50% depression of the reflexes (T-50) was 17.8 ± 5.3 min for MSR and 17.5 ± 2.1 min for PSR. L-NAME (Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester; 100 μM), a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, antagonized the 3-NPA (3.4 mM)-induced depression of reflexes and increased the T-50 values (34 and 30 min for MSR and PSR, respectively) significantly (P < 0.05). In addition, hemoglobin (Hb, 100 μM), a NO scavenger, blocked the 3-NPA-induced depression of reflexes significantly (P < 0.05). T-50 values in Hb pretreated cords were 57 and 45 min for MSR and PSR, respectively which were greater than the cords pretreated with L-NAME. The nitrite (NO2-) content of the 3-NPA exposed cords was 84 μM/g of tissue which was significantly greater than the control (13 μM/g; P < 0.05). Pretreatment of cords with L-NAME or Hb antagonized the 3-NPA-induced increase in NO2-. The results indicate that NO produced by 3-NPA is involved in the 3-NPA-induced depression of spinal reflexes. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Ptychodiscus brevis toxin-induced depression of spinal reflexes involves 5-HT via 5-HT3 receptors modulated by NMDA receptor
(2006) Jitendra N. Singh; Rajesh Gupta; Shripad B. Deshpande
The involvement of 5-hydroxytryptaminergic (5-HT) system for the Ptychodiscus brevis toxin (PbTx)-induced depression of spinal reflexes was evaluated. The reflex potentials were recorded at ventral root by stimulating the corresponding dorsal root in neonatal rat spinal cord in vitro. Superfusion of PbTx (2.8-84 μM) depressed the monosynaptic (MSR) and polysynaptic (PSR) reflexes in a concentration-dependent manner. The depression of the reflexes was maximal with 84 μM of the toxin. Ondansetron (0.1 μM), a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, blocked the PbTx-induced depression of MSR and PSR. Spiperone (a 5-HT2A antagonist) or ketanserin (5-HT2A/2C antagonist and also at 5-HT1B/1D) failed to block the PbTx-induced depression of the reflexes. The 5-HT concentration of the cords was increased by four-fold after exposure to PbTx (28 μM) and the increase was not seen in the cords pretreated with dl-2 amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (APV, a NMDA receptor antagonist). Superfusion of 5-HT or phenylbiguanide (PBG, a 5-HT3 receptor agonist) also produced depression of the spinal reflexes in a concentration-dependent manner. The 5-HT-induced depression of reflexes was blocked by ondansetron but not by spiperone. The results demonstrate that the PbTx-induced depression of spinal reflexes involves 5-hydroxytryptamine via 5-HT3 receptors modulated by NMDA receptor. © 2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
SELSI Consensus Statement for Safe Cholecystectomy — Prevention and Management of Bile Duct Injury — Part A
(Springer, 2021) Virinder Kumar Bansal; Mahesh C. Misra; Anil K Agarwal; Jb Agrawal; Pn Agarwal; Sandeep Aggarwal; Mohammad Aslam; Asuri Krishna; Aditya Baksi; Anu Behari; Hemanga K Bhattacharjee; Rajesh Bhojwani; Jagdish Chander; Tk Chattopadhyay; Chintamani; Pradeep Chowbey; Abhay Dalvi; Nr Dash; Ik Dhawan; Shivanand Gamangatti; Pk Garg; Nm Gupta; Rajesh Gupta; Sk Gupta; Vikas Gupta; L. Kaman; Bml Kapur; Kamal Kataria; Muneer Khan; Ajay K Khanna; Rajesh Khullar; Anand Kumar; Atin Kumar; Sandeep Kumar; Subodh Kumar; Pawanindra Lal; Sd Maurya; Gs Moirangthem; Sujoy Pal; Rajesh Panwar; Rajinder Parshad; Biju Pottakkat; Om Prakash Prajapati; Shailesh Puntambekar; Piyush Ranjan; Yashwant Singh Rathore; Peush Sahni; Rathindra Sarangi; Vuthaluru Seenu; Rajeev Sharma; Vk Shukla; Dp Singh; Jaspal Singh; Rajdeep Singh; Rajeev Sinha; Sadiq S Sikora; Amit Srivastava; Anurag Srivastava; Kn Srivastava; Shaji Thomas; Gr Verma; Jd Wig; Vk Kapoor
Cholecystectomy is one of the most common general surgical operations performed worldwide. The risk of bile duct injury (BDI) during laparoscopic cholecystectomy is two to three times higher than during open cholecystectomy. The worldwide incidence of bile duct injury is 0.5% or 1 in 200 cases. BDI and its consequences result in significant morbidity and may even cause mortality; it also increases the cost of treatment and can be a common reason for medico-legal suits against the surgeons. To minimize the incidence of BDI and to manage it timely and appropriately, a set of guidelines was deemed necessary by a group of senior surgeons during a Society of Endoscopic and Laparoscopic Surgeons of India (SELSI) meeting in 2016. Guidelines for “Safe Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy” and bile duct injury management formulated by other international societies are already available. The applicability of these guidelines to Indian subjects, especially in small peripheral centers, was limited. Hence, a decision was taken to form a set of guidelines for general surgeons with basic laparoscopic skills with little or no advanced laparoscopic skills. Those working in a solo practice, nursing homes, and small private hospitals at talukas or districts should have “Safe Cholecystectomy” guidelines and management of BDI suitable to their situation. These guidelines were formed after three consensus meetings and have been approved by a SELSI Expert Group. © 2019, Association of Surgeons of India.
SELSI Consensus Statement for Safe Cholecystectomy—Prevention and Management of Bile Duct Injury—Part B
(Springer, 2021) Virinder Kumar Bansal; Mahesh C. Misra; Anil K Agarwal; Jb Agrawal; Pn Agarwal; Sandeep Aggarwal; Mohammad Aslam; Asuri Krishna; Aditya Baksi; Anu Behari; Hemanga K Bhattacharjee; Rajesh Bhojwani; Jagdish Chander; Tk Chattopadhyay; Chintamani; Pradeep Chowbey; Abhay Dalvi; Nr Dash; Ik Dhawan; Shivanand Gamangatti; Pk Garg; Nm Gupta; Rajesh Gupta; Sk Gupta; Vikas Gupta; L. Kaman; Bml Kapur; Kamal Kataria; Muneer Khan; Ajay K Khanna; Rajesh Khullar; Anand Kumar; Atin Kumar; Sandeep Kumar; Subodh Kumar; Pawanindra Lal; Sd Maurya; Gs Moirangthem; Sujoy Pal; Rajesh Panwar; Rajinder Parshad; Biju Pottakkat; Om Prakash Prajapati; Shailesh Puntambekar; Piyush Ranjan; Yashwant Singh Rathore; Peush Sahni; Rathindra Sarangi; Vuthaluru Seenu; Rajeev Sharma; Vk Shukla; Dp Singh; Jaspal Singh; Rajdeep Singh; Rajeev Sinha; Sadiq S Sikora; Amit Srivastava; Anurag Srivastava; Kn Srivastava; Shaji Thomas; Gr Verma; Jd Wig; Vk Kapoor
Cholecystectomy is one of the commonest general surgical procedures performed all over India. The risk of bile duct injury (BDI) during laparoscopic cholecystectomy is two to three times higher than during open cholecystectomy. The worldwide incidence of bile duct injury is 0.5% or 1 in 200 cases. BDI and its consequences result in significant morbidity and may even cause mortality. BDI increases the cost of treatment and is a common reason for a medicolegal suit against the surgeons. To minimize the incidence of BDI and to manage it timely and appropriately, a set of guidelines was deemed necessary by a group of senior surgeons during a Society of Endoscopic and Laparoscopic Surgeons of India (SELSI) meeting in 2016. Guidelines for “Safe Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy” and bile duct injury management formulated by other international societies are already available. The applicability of these guidelines to Indian subjects especially in small peripheral centers was limited. Hence, a decision was taken to form a set of guidelines for general surgeons with basic laparoscopic skills with little or no advanced laparoscopic skills. Those working in a solo practice, nursing homes, and small private hospitals at talukas or districts should have “Safe Cholecystectomy” guidelines and management of BDI suitable to their situation. These guidelines were formed after three consensus meetings and have been approved by a SELSI Expert Group. © 2019, Association of Surgeons of India.
Ultrasound enhanced sanitizer efficacy in reduction of escherichia coli o157:h7 population on spinach leaves
(2009) Priyanka Singh; Ashok Kumar; Nawal K. Dubey; Rajesh Gupta
The use of ultrasound to enhance the efficacy of selected sanitizers in reduction of Escherichia coli O157 :H7 populations on spinach was investigated. Spot-inoculated spinach samples were treated with water, chlorine, acidified sodium chlorite (ASC), peroxyacetic acid (POAA), and acidic electrolyzed water with and without ultrasound (21.2 kHz) for 2 min at room temperature. The effects of ultrasound treatment time and acoustic energy density (AED)were evaluated at an ASC concentration of 200 mg/L. The effect of ASC concentration,with a fixed AEDof 200 W/L, was also examined.Microbial analysis indicated that ASC reduced E. coli O157 :H7 population by 2.2 log cycles over that of water wash, while the reduction from other sanitizers was about 1 log cycle. Ultrasonication significantly enhanced the reduction of E. coli cells on spinach for all treatments by 0.7 to 1.1 log cycle over that of washes with sanitizer alone. An increase in the ASC concentration enhanced the efficacy of the combined treatment of ASC and ultrasonication, especially at ASC concentrations of < 300 mg/L. Increasing the ultrasound treatment time from 0 to 4 min and AED from 0 to 500 W/L were both effective in increasing the effectiveness of the ASC and ultrasound combined treatments. In addition, E. coli O157 :H7 inoculated on the underside of spinach leaves (rough side) weremore difficult to remove than those inoculated on the upper side (smooth side). © 2009 Institute of Food Technologists.