Browsing by Author "Rajesh Kumar"

Now showing 1 - 20 of 208

A Bacteriophage-Loaded Microparticle Laden Topical Gel for the Treatment of Multidrug-Resistant Biofilm-Mediated Burn Wound Infection
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023) Deepa Dehari; Aiswarya Chaudhuri; Dulla Naveen Kumar; Meraj Anjum; Rajesh Kumar; Akshay Kumar; Dinesh Kumar; Gopal Nath; Ashish Kumar Agrawal
Klebsiella pneumoniae is regarded as one of the most profound bacteria isolated from the debilitating injuries caused by burn wounds. In addition, the multidrug resistance (MDR) and biofilm formation make treating burn patients with clinically available antibiotics difficult. Bacteriophage therapy has been proven an effective alternative against biofilm-mediated wound infections caused by MDR bacterial strains. In the current study, the bacteriophage (BPKPФ1) against MDR Klebsiella pneumoniae was isolated and loaded into the chitosan microparticles (CHMPs), which was later incorporated into the Sepineo P 600 to convert into a gel (BPKPФ1-CHMP-gel). BPKPФ1 was characterized for lytic profile, morphological class, and burst size, which revealed that the BPKPФ1 belongs to the family Siphoviridae. Moreover, BPKPФ1 exhibited a narrow host range with 128 PFU/host cell of burst size. The BPKPФ1-loaded CHMPs showed an average particle size of 1.96 ± 0.51 μm, zeta potential 32.16 ± 0.41 mV, and entrapment efficiency in the range of 82.44 ± 1.31%. Further, the in vitro antibacterial and antibiofilm effectiveness of BPKPФ1-CHMPs-gel were examined. The in vivo potential of the BPKPФ1-CHMPs-gel was assessed using a rat model with MDR Klebsiella pneumoniae infected burn wound, which exhibited improved wound contraction (89.22 ± 0.48%) in 28 days with reduced inflammation, in comparison with different controls. Data in hand suggest the potential of bacteriophage therapy to be developed as personalized therapy in case of difficult-to-treat bacterial infections. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists.
A Case of Vertigo with TORP in Inner Ear
(Springer, 2023) Ramraj Yadav; Rajesh Kumar; Sunil Kumar; Deepak Kumar Gupta; Vishwambhar Singh; Ashvanee Kumar Chaudhary; Sandeep Kumar Dubey; Satya Prakash Verma; A. Aruna
This is a case of a patient with history of ear surgery who visited ENT outdoor, for continuous vertigo which used to get aggravated with loud noise, associated with hearing loss, persistent sensations of right-sided aural fullness/pressure and otalgia for last 2 years. He had history of tympanoplasty with ossiculoplasty using a TORP. On exploration under local anesthesia there was a displaced prosthesis into inner ear, upon removal of which symptoms and severity subsided exponentially. © 2023, Association of Otolaryngologists of India.
A multi-step linearization technique for a class of boundary value problems in non-linear mechanics
(Springer Verlag, 2006) Rajesh Kumar; L.S. Ramachandra; D. Roy
Non-linear finite element analyses of structures (such as beams) involve construction of weak solutions for the governing equations. While a weak approach weakens the differentiability requirements of the so-called shape functions, the governing equations are only satisfied in an integral sense and not point-wise, or, even path-wise. Moreover, use of a finite mesh leads to a stiffening of the numerical model. While strong solutions obtained through some of the existing mesh-free collocation methods overcomes some of these lacunae to an extent, the quality of the numerical solutions would be considerably improved if the computational algorithm were able to faithfully reproduce (or approximate or preserve) certain geometrical features of the response surfaces or manifolds. This paper takes the first step towards realizing this objective and proposes a multi-step transversal linearization (MTL) technique for a class of non-linear boundary value problems, which are treated as conditionally dynamical systems. Numerical explorations are performed, to a limited extent, through applications to large deflection analyses of planar beams with or without plastic deformations. © Springer Verlag 2006.
A non-covalently cross-linked self-healing hydrogel for drug delivery: characterization, mechanical strength, and anti-cancer potential
(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2024) Sheetal Jaiswal; Sandeep Kumar; Paramjeet Yadav; Krishtan Pal; Shere Afgan; Arvind Acharya; Ravi Prakash; Pralay Maiti; Rajesh Kumar
This research article introduced a novel one-pot method for synthesizing hydrogels, utilizing iron ions (Fe3+) and guar gum succinate (GGS) as cross-linkers. These hydrogels were characterized as cross-linked networks, with hydrogen bonds forming a sacrificial network and coordination bonds serving as the primary network. The reversible nature of these networks was attributed to the hydrogels’ exceptional toughness and remarkable self-healing properties. The hydrogel's chemical structure was confirmed through FTIR spectroscopy. XRD analysis highlighted the disruption of the crystalline nature of GGS upon cross-linking with Fe3+. By controlling the Fe3+ concentration, the hydrogels’ mechanical properties were tailored. Rheological measurements demonstrated mechanical and self-healing properties, while swelling studies revealed pH-dependent behavior. In vitro studies showed the hydrogels’ significant anti-proliferative effect against U-87MG (human glioblastoma) cancer cells, while remaining biocompatible with normal cell lines (HEK-293). These results indicated the potential application of these hydrogels in advancing cancer treatment strategies. © 2024 The Royal Society of Chemistry.
A quantitative immunopolymerase chain reaction method for detection of vegetative insecticidal protein in genetically modified crops
(2011) Rajesh Kumar
Vegetative insecticidal protein (Vip) is being employed for transgenic expression in selected crops such as cotton, brinjal, and corn. For regulatory compliance, there is a need for a sensitive and reliable detection method, which can distinguish between approved and nonapproved genetically modified (GM) events and quantify GM contents as well. A quantitative immunopolymerase chain reaction (IPCR) method has been developed for the detection and quantification of Vip protein in GM crops. The developed assay displayed a detection limit of 1 ng/mL (1 ppb) and linear quantification range between 10 and 1000 ng/mL of Vip-S protein. The sensitivity of the assay was found to be 10 times higher than an analogous enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Vip-S protein. The results suggest that IPCR has the potential to become a standard method to quantify GM proteins. © 2011 American Chemical Society.
A Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Double-blind Clinical Trial of Bacteriophage Cocktails in Chronic Wound Infections
(SAGE Publications Inc., 2024) Subhash Lal Karn; Satyanam Kumar Bhartiya; Arvind Pratap; Sanjay Kumar Saroj; Rajesh Kumar; Minakshi Sahu; Mayank Gangwar; Gopal Nath
Background: Chronic wounds are prevalent globally at endemic proportions. The common features associated with chronic wounds are prolonged inflammatory phase, infection with multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, and subsequent biofilm formation. The present randomized-controlled trial (RCT) study was undertaken on chronic wounds of ≥6 weeks longer duration using customized phages to evaluate the efficacy and safety of bacteriophage therapy. Methods: The study was conducted from December 2021 to August 2023. Thirty patients in each of the arms (placebo and bacteriophage) were recruited with chronic wounds. The patients, both arms, received the conventional treatment of wound debridement, local antiseptics, and local and systemic antibiotics at the discretion of the treating surgeon. However, before applying the customized bacteriophage cocktail or placebo, the wound surface was thoroughly washed to remove the residual antiseptics. The phage cocktails or placebo were applied on alternate days. The wounds were evaluated using the Bates-Jensen Wound Assessment Tool for the progress of wound healing. Results: A total of 93.3% of the wound became sterile in 39 days (median sterility time), followed by complete healing by the end of 90 days in the phage group. Contrary to this, 83.3% of those on placebo therapy remained colonized by original bacteria or additional new bacteria without healing for up to 90 days. Conclusion: With the well-designed RCT, we could conclude that customized bacteriophage therapy using bacteriophage cocktails will definitely cure the chronic wound, irrespective of age, sex, diabetes status, and infection by MDR bacteria. © The Author(s) 2024.
A real-time immuno-PCR assay for the detection of transgenic Cry1Ab protein
(2012) Rajesh Kumar
The adaptation and production of transgenic crops harboring Cry1Ab protein is increasing every year globally due to their potent insecticidal activity. The Cry1Ab protein produced by Bacillus thuringiensis confers resistance against several lepidopteran insect pests. The release of transgenic crops/produce in the market worldwide has increased the need of regulatory affairs to monitor and verify the presence of transgenic protein in crops/produce. In this regard, the real-time immuno-PCR (IPCR) assay was developed for the detection and quantification of Cry1Ab protein. The IPCR assay showed high sensitivity with minimum detection limit of 100 pg/mL (0.1 ppb) and found to be 10 times more sensitive than sandwich ELISA. Under the optimized assay conditions, Cry1Ab protein can be determined in the concentration ranged from 100 pg/mL to 100 ng/mL. As results suggest, this assay could be a powerful tool for the detection of even trace amounts of Cry1Ab protein in transgenic crops. © 2011 Springer-Verlag.
A review on remotely sensed land surface temperature anomaly as an earthquake precursor
(Elsevier B.V., 2017) Anshuman Bhardwaj; Shaktiman Singh; Lydia Sam; P.K. Joshi; Akanksha Bhardwaj; F. Javier Martín-Torres; Rajesh Kumar
The low predictability of earthquakes and the high uncertainty associated with their forecasts make earthquakes one of the worst natural calamities, capable of causing instant loss of life and property. Here, we discuss the studies reporting the observed anomalies in the satellite-derived Land Surface Temperature (LST) before an earthquake. We compile the conclusions of these studies and evaluate the use of remotely sensed LST anomalies as precursors of earthquakes. The arrival times and the amplitudes of the anomalies vary widely, thus making it difficult to consider them as universal markers to issue earthquake warnings. Based on the randomness in the observations of these precursors, we support employing a global-scale monitoring system to detect statistically robust anomalous geophysical signals prior to earthquakes before considering them as definite precursors. © 2017 Elsevier B.V.
A Study of Relationship Between Serum Lipids and Sensorineural Hearing Loss
(Springer, 2023) Silky Silky; Vishwambhar Singh; Deepak Kumar Gupta; Ashvanee Kumar Chaudhary; Ramraj Yadav; Rajesh Kumar; S. Siva; Rajeev Kumar Jain
The modern life style poses new challenges on the normal physiological mechanisms of the human body. Drug abuse, tobacco smoking, and alcohol drinking, as well as lack of exercise may also increase the risk of developing certain diseases, especially older age.To study the relationship between degree of sensorineural hearing loss and serum lipid level (total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoproteins, high density lipoproteins).A cross-sectional study was conducted in 150 patients aged between 15 to 60 years diagnosed with sensorineural hearing loss at Otorhinolaryngology outpatient department at Sir Sunder Lal hospital, IMS, BHU. All the 150 patients were amongst age group of 15 to 60 years who were registered from August 2019 to July 2021.The serum levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein directly correlate with the severity of sensorineural hearing loss significantly (p < 0.05) whereas the serum levels of high-density lipoprotein had no direct co-relation with the severity of sensorineural hearing loss. Hyperlipidemic state is a major risk factor for SNHL. Regular screening and monitoring of serum lipid might prevent morbid SNHL and improve patients’ quality of life in long term. © 2023, Association of Otolaryngologists of India.
Acute and subacute toxicity study of ethanolic extract of Calotropis procera (Aiton) Dryand flower in Swiss albino mice
(Elsevier B.V., 2022) Ashutosh Kumar; Brijesh Kumar; Rajesh Kumar; Ajay Kumar; Manish Singh; Vinod Tiwari; Anshuman Trigunayat; Paramita Paul; Pratistha Singh
Background: Calotropis procera is a large shrub which consists many medicinal properties, used in treatment of snake bite, sinus fistula, rheumatism, mumps, burn injuries, inflammation and jaundice traditionally. All the parts of Calotropis procera were utilized in the treatment of diseases out of which leaves and roots were investigated for its toxicity profile that showed dose dependent toxicity. Toxicity profile of flowers of Calotropis procera was not investigated in the previous studies. The aim of this study was to explore the acute and subacute toxicity of ethanolic extract of Calotropis procera flowers for the safe use of traditional medicine. Method: In acute toxicity, a total of 20 female mice (Swiss albino), weighing between 23 and 32 g were randomly divided into four experimental groups: control, 300, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg groups with 5 mice each, and each received a single dose of extract at 300, 1000, or 2000 mg/kg, respectively. Animals were monitored for 14 days. In the subacute study, a total of 40 mice (23–32 g) were divided into 4 groups, each containing males and females. Group 1 (control group) received vehicle and groups 2, 3, and 4 received extract at doses of 300 mg/Kg, 1000 mg/Kg, 2000 mg/Kg of b.w., respectively, for 28 consecutive days. The study was conducted in compliance with the OECD guidelines 407 and 423. Results: Acute toxicity study showed no mortality at the dose of 2000 mg/Kg. In subacute toxicity study, statistical analysis of hematological and biochemical parameters showed no significant differences compared to control group except marked increase in segmented neutrophils. Histopathological studies revealed no significant structural differences among the treated groups and in comparison to control group. Conclusions: It was concluded that oral administration of doses of ethanolic extract of Calotropis procera flower, administered acutely, did not cause any mortality or notable changes at the dose of 2000 mg/Kg. Therefore, the approximate lethal dose (ALD) of in mice was higher than 2,000 mg/kg. In a 28-day subacute toxicity model, the extract did not cause any mortality, and no treatment-related changes were observed in body weight, organ weight, hematological and biochemical blood analysis, or histopathologic examinations at the extract dose of 2000 mg/Kg. These findings indicate that the no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) of Calotropis procera flower ethanolic extract was greater than 2000 mg/kg/day. © 2022
Allelic sequence variation in the Sub1A, Sub1B and Sub1C genes among diverse rice cultivars and its association with submergence tolerance
(Nature Research, 2020) Anuradha Singh; Yashi Singh; Ajay K. Mahato; Pawan K. Jayaswal; Sangeeta Singh; Renu Singh; Neera Yadav; A.K. Singh; P.K. Singh; Rakesh Singh; Rajesh Kumar; Endang M. Septiningsih; H.S. Balyan; Nagendra K. Singh; Vandna Rai
Erratic rainfall leading to flash flooding causes huge yield losses in lowland rice. The traditional varieties and landraces of rice possess variable levels of tolerance to submergence stress, but gene discovery and utilization of these resources has been limited to the Sub1A-1 allele from variety FR13A. Therefore, we analysed the allelic sequence variation in three Sub1 genes in a panel of 179 rice genotypes and its association with submergence tolerance. Population structure and diversity analysis based on a 36-plex genome wide genic-SNP assay grouped these genotypes into two major categories representing Indica and Japonica cultivar groups with further sub-groupings into Indica, Aus, Deepwater and Aromatic-Japonica cultivars. Targetted re-sequencing of the Sub1A, Sub1B and Sub1C genes identfied 7, 7 and 38 SNPs making 8, 9 and 67 SNP haplotypes, respectively. Haplotype networks and phylogenic analysis revealed evolution of Sub1B and Sub1A genes by tandem duplication and divergence of the ancestral Sub1C gene in that order. The alleles of Sub1 genes in tolerant reference variety FR13A seem to have evolved most recently. However, no consistent association could be found between the Sub1 allelic variation and submergence tolerance probably due to low minor allele frequencies and presence of exceptions to the known Sub1A-1 association in the genotype panel. We identified 18 cultivars with non-Sub1A-1 source of submergence tolerance which after further mapping and validation in bi-parental populations will be useful for development of superior flood tolerant rice cultivars. © 2020, The Author(s).
Allylthiourea-mediated self-healing hydrogels based on poly(vinyl alcohol): Enhanced cell viability/biocompatibility and sustained drug release
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2024) Paramjeet Yadav; Shere Afgan; Krishtan Pal; Sheetal Jaiswal; Pooja Goswami; Ravi Prakash; Rajesh Kumar; Biplob Koch; Pralay Maiti
Hydrogel-based materials represent promising candidates for drug delivery. In our research, we synthesized a series of hydrogels—PVATU-1 (2:1), PVATU-2 (1:1), and PVATU-3 (0.5:1)—by adjusting the poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) ratio while maintaining a constant ratio of allylthiourea (ATU) monomer and glutaraldehyde cross-linker, aiming to understand their impacts on gelation. These PVATU hydrogels displayed impressive swelling in neutral conditions and exhibited visible self-healing capabilities. Notably, PVATU-1 shows superior mechanical strength among the variants. Surface analysis using AFM and SEM unveiled porous structures within the hydrogels, while thermal stability tests indicated their resilience up to 200°C. DSC analysis revealed minimal variation in glass transition temperatures (Tg), affirming stability. A distinct endothermic peak around 250–350°C across all hydrogels confirmed their semi-crystalline nature, corroborated by powder XRD. Noteworthy, PVATU-1 demonstrated optimal loading and releasing efficiency for levofloxacin, with 74.5% loading and 82.8% releasing efficiency within 18 h. Biocompatibility assessments on HeLa cells affirmed the nontoxicity of PVATU hydrogel treatments. © 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
An insight into nanomedicinal approaches to combat viral zoonoses
(Bentham Science Publishers, 2020) Prasad Minakshi; Mayukh Ghosh; Rajesh Kumar; Basanti Brar; Upendra P. Lambe; Somesh Banerjee; Koushlesh Ranjan; Balvinder Kumar; Parveen Goel; Yashpal S. Malik; Gaya Prasad
Background: Emerging viral zoonotic diseases are one of the major obstacles to secure the ‘‘One Health” concept under the current scenario. Current prophylactic, diagnostic and therapeutic approaches often associated with certain limitations and thus proved to be insufficient for customizing rapid and efficient combating strategy against the highly transmissible pathogenic infectious agents leading to the disastrous socio-economic outcome. Moreover, most of the viral zoonoses originate from the wildlife and poor knowledge about the global virome database renders it difficult to predict future outbreaks. Thus, alternative management strategy in terms of improved prophylactic vaccines and their delivery systems; rapid and efficient diagnostics and effective targeted therapeutics are the need of the hour. Methods: Structured literature search has been performed with specific keywords in bibliographic databases for the accumulation of information regarding current nanomedicine interventions along with standard books for basic virology inputs. Results: Multi-arrayed applications of nanomedicine have proved to be an effective alternative in all the aspects regarding the prevention, diagnosis, and control of zoonotic viral diseases. The current review is focused to outline the applications of nanomaterials as anti-viral vaccines or vaccine/drug delivery systems, diagnostics and directly acting therapeutic agents in combating the important zoonotic viral diseases in the recent scenario along with their potential benefits, challenges and prospects to design successful control strategies. Conclusion: This review provides significant introspection towards the multi-arrayed applications of nanomedicine to combat several important zoonotic viral diseases. © 2020 Bentham Science Publishers.
An Overview of Clinical Manifestations in Chondrodysplasia Punctata
(Brazilian Society of Anatomy, 2023) J.P. Jessy; Rajesh Kumar; Neerja Rani; Kanchan Kapoor; Mahesh Sharma; Anupriya Kaur; Chetan Sahni
Introduction: chondrodysplasia punctata (CDP) is a rare, autosomal recessive disorder characterized by the punctuate calcifications of long bones epiphyses, cataract, and developmental delay. CDP is associated with inborn errors of metabolism, chromosomal abnormalities, and teratogens. The routine fetal autopsy was performed in 23+1 weeks abortus fetus showed dysmorphic facies, bilateral brachydactyly, and overriding of the toes, and X-ray examination suggested stippling of the epiphysis of long bones. Coronal clefts were seen in the region of the lumbar vertebrae. In this case, genetic counseling was offered to the couple. The diagnosis of CDP on autopsy was made after the radiological examination; hence this case also illustrates the importance of radiology in fetal autopsies. Molecular analysis is required for final diagnosis in such cases. © 2023 Brazilian Society of Anatomy. All rights reserved.
Anionic natural graft copolymer used in removal of hazardous dye water pollutants
(National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources, 2020) Arti Srivastava; Pratibha Mandal; Rajesh Kumar
The carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), guar gum, sodium alginate and chitosan etc. are natural polysaccharides. This paper presents the synthesis and characterization of natural polymer carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and synthetic monomer acrylic acid (AA) based graft copolymer (CMC–g–AA) and its applications in removal of Methylene blue dye from industrial effluents. CMC–g–AA has been synthesized using free radical initiator and characterized by FTIR, TGA, and SEM analysis. The AA concentration has been varied from 5.5 x 10-2 to 35.5 x 10-2 mol dm-3 to get maximum grafting of AA monomer onto CMC. The FTIR spectral analysis proves the successful grafting. The synthesized graft copolymer (CMC–g– AA) has been applied in adsorption of a water soluble monovalent cationic dye such as Methylene Blue. © 2020, National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources. All rights reserved.
Application of geospatial techniques in estimating the impact of Fani cyclone on land surface conditions of Puri district of Odisha, India
(Elsevier Ltd, 2024) Seema Rani; Rajesh Kumar
Cyclones, as severe natural disasters, leave indelible marks on landscapes and populations. The present study aims to highlight the application of geospatial techniques in studying water-related disasters along coastal areas. The study estimated the impact of the Fani cyclone (which occurred on May 3, 2019) on land surface conditions in the Puri district of the state of Odisha in India using geospatial techniques. It was one of the biggest disasters in the history of the Puri district. The district received very heavy rainfall of up to 1057 mm from May 03–04, 2019, due to the Fani cyclone, which had a storm surge (180 kmph) and flooding in the study area. The examination of Sentinel 1A-B SAR data before (April 27, 2019) and after (May 5, 2019) the Fani cyclone illustrates that the recorded flooded area encompassed approximately 102 km2 within the Puri district. Within these flooded zones, the maximum flood depth reached up to 30.9 m above ground level, with a mean value of 0.14 m. Water bodies (especially Chilika Lake) (35%) have been highly impacted, followed by barren/sand (32%) and cultivated land (19%). The sharp decline (by 31%–113%) in post-Fani cyclone Normalized Difference Vegetation Index values of natural vegetation, crops, and barren land compared to pre-Fani cyclone reveals a dynamic transformation in vegetation, land use patterns, and infrastructural alterations. In this context, the incorporation of geospatial methodologies stands as a sturdy framework for evaluating and alleviating the impact of analogous natural disasters on a global scale. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.
Application of polymeric nano-materials in management of inflammatory bowel disease
(Bentham Science Publishers, 2020) Prasad Minakshi; Rajesh Kumar; Mayukh Ghosh; Basanti Brar; Manju Barnela; Preeti Lakhani
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is an umbrella term used to describe disorders that involve Crohn’s disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC) and pouchitis. The disease occurrence is more prevalent in the working group population which not only hampers the well being of an individual but also has nega-tive economical impact on society. The current drug regime used therapy is very costly owing to the chronic nature of the disease leading to several side effects. The condition gets more aggravated due to the lower concentration of drug at the desired site. Therefore, in the present scenario, a therapy is needed which can maximize efficacy, adhere to quality of life, minimize toxicity and doses, be helpful in maintaining and stimulating physical growth of mucosa with minimum disease complications. In this aspect, nanotechnology intervention is one promising field as it can act as a carrier to reduce toxicity, doses and frequency which in turn help in faster recovery. Moreover, nanomedicine and nanodiagnostic techniques will further open a new window for treatment in understanding pathogenesis along with better diagnosis which is poorly understood till now. Therefore the present review is more focused on recent advance-ments in IBD in the application of nanotechnology. © 2020 Bentham Science Publishers.
Approaches considering non-linearity in soil-foundation-interaction: A State of the Art Review
(MIM RESEARCH GROUP, 2023) Vishal Kumar Mourya; Gaurav Pandey; Dhirendra Patel; Rajesh Kumar
Seismic excitation causes the soil to begin acting nonlinearly at higher strain. Hence, the nonlinearity of the soil, foundation, and structure should be appropriately considered. This can be achieved by proper modelling of soil-structure-foundation interaction (SSI). The continuum, Winkler-based, and Macroelement models are the major modelling techniques for considering SSI. The continuum method involves determining absorbing boundaries, the size of the soil domain, soil element size, constitutive soil model, and soil structure interface. In contrast, the Winkler-based model uses nonlinear spring and dashpot to represent inelastic behaviour and energy dissipation properties of soil, respectively. Macroelement replaces the entire soil foundation arrangement with one element at the bottom of the superstructure. The trade-off between the advantageous effects of the SSI model, particularly in terms of energy dissipation, and its unfavourable effects, such as settling or tilting, should also be optimised during the analysis and design phases. The present paper aims to provide a concise review and comparative analysis of the several methodologies proposed by the researchers that consider the nonlinearity in soil-foundation-structure interaction (SSI). The importance of the study lies in the adoption of an approach that reduces computational effort and time. Moreover, the experimental works are also reviewed with regard to the soil structure interaction. It can be inferred from the current study that various approaches have some benefits and drawbacks; thus, these approaches can opt accordingly. © 2023 MIM Research Group. All rights reserved.
Artificial intelligence (AI) based colonoscopy
(Institute of Physics Publishing, 2024) Akbar Hamid; Rajesh Kumar; Vivek K Chaturvedi; Sunil Dutt; Gira Sulabh; Vinod Kumar; D.P. Yadav
With the increase in the world's population and development, a number of healthrelated issues are also increasing in gastroenterology. One of the major causes is poor food habits. To deal with this, constant advancement is required in the field of the medical sector, which will not only help in easy and earlier diagnosis of the underlying health issue but also in accurate diagnosis. In this chapter advancement and collaboration of artificial intelligence with the medical sector are discussed below. How one technique helps is the accurate detection of colorectal cancer (CRC) as well as other diseases such as IBD or any other abnormalities in the colon. A different version of colonoscopy has been developed along with artificial intelligence, discussed in this chapter with future prospects and advancement. © IOP Publishing Ltd 2024. All rights reserved.
Assessing the impacts of Amphan cyclone over West Bengal, India: a multi-sensor approach
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2021) Rajesh Kumar; Seema Rani; Pyarimohan Maharana
Landfall of the Amphan (very severe cyclonic storm) occurred at 1730 hrs Indian Standard Time (IST) on May 20, 2020, near the West Bengal (W.B.) coast of India. High wind speed, storm surge, and torrential rainfall-induced flooding caused devastation in W.B. The present study aims to analyse the impacts of Amphan cyclone on land use/land cover (LULC) such as built-up area, cropland, brick-kiln industries and vegetation cover of nine districts of W.B. namely, Barddhaman, Nadia, North 24 Parganas, South 24 Parganas, Purba Medinipur, Paschim Medinipur, Haora, and Kolkata. Flood extent has been mapped using Sentinel-1A and B interferometric wide swath (IW) ground range detected (GRD) VV polarisation images dated May 22, 2020. The total actual flooded area covers 488 km2 of the study area. For the pre-cyclone period, LULC classification and normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) have been done using Sentinel-2B multispectral instrument (MSI) images dated May 14, 2020. Post-cyclone NDVI has been computed using Sentinel-2B MSI images dated June 3, 2020. Flood-affected cropland covers a large chunk (88.2%) of the total actual flooded area. Mean NDVI values of non-flooded and flooded cropland and vegetation cover have been reduced between May 14, 2020, and June 3, 2020. District, block and pixel-wise changes in pre- and post-cyclone NDVI values have also been analysed. This study helps planners and policy makers to understand the district-wise flooding behavior, severity of damage to cropland and vegetation cover and to plan restriction on high-value land use in flooded low-lying areas. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.