Browsing by Author "Rajesh Kumar Kaushal"

Now showing 1 - 4 of 4

An Analytical Study on the Efficacy of Blockchain Frameworks for Student Grievance Management
(Springer, 2024) Harish Kumar; Rajesh Kumar Kaushal; Naveen Kumar; Anshul Verma
Student grievance redressal is an essential indicator of institutional effectiveness and education quality, that ensures a conducive academic environment. Every educational institute provides a 24 × 7 web or mobile platform for students to register their grievances. However, these centralized solutions often lack transparency, exhibit potential biases, and also raise security and privacy concerns that lead to student reluctance to use them. A blockchain-based grievance redressal system can address these issues by providing transparency, immutability, privacy, accountability, and auditability. However, selecting the most suitable blockchain framework is challenging and a tedious task. So, we analyzed the existing studies on performance analysis of blockchain frameworks and existing studies on grievance redressal. The finding from the reviewed studies indicates that 81% of the studies diverged towards Hyperledger fabric and Hyperledger fabric outperforms other frameworks in performance based on key parameters such as transactional throughput and latency. The consensus mechanism selection also significantly impacts the performance of a blockchain framework. RAFT is more efficient than the Kafka and solo consensus mechanism for Hyperledger fabric, in both low and high transaction volumes for read and write operations at various transfer rates. Hyperledger fabric achieves a 94.6% success rate in multiple operations with RAFT consensus as compared to 72.7% with Kafka. The success rate of Hyperledger fabric is reached to 96%, 98.4%, and 96.6% at 25tps, 50tps, and 100tps respectively for write operations whereas during the read operations, it is reached to 99.6. It is also found that the success rate is increased to 99.12% in dual channel network for write operation at varying transfer rates. This study suggests that Hyperledger Fabric is more effective for implementing a blockchain-based student grievance redressal system. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.
Bibliometric Analysis of Blockchain in the Healthcare Domain
(Tsinghua University Press, 2023) Shilpi Garg; Rajesh Kumar Kaushal; Naveen Kumar; Anshul Verma
As an innovation, Blockchain has transformed numerous industries and sparked the interest of the research community due to its abundance of benefits, opening up diverse research routes in the healthcare sector in the last decade. With Health 4.0 becoming ubiquitous in the healthcare industry, end-user transactions are being carried out on a decentralized network, making Blockchain profitable to meet the demands of the modern healthcare sector. Therefore, a detailed analysis of Blockchain is very crucial. This study emphasizes the evolution of science and the preliminary research of Blockchain in healthcare through bibliometric analysis. All the data are extracted from the Scopus database, and the VOSviewer tool is used for analysis. A total of 1152 Scopus articles published between 2018 and 2022 are examined. Results reveal that in 2022, the field of Blockchain experienced a notable increment in the number of publications and a significant growth rate. IEEE Access became well known in this field and had a large number of citations. It is observed that China and India are the leading countries in terms of publications on Blockchain. This study offers a number of recommendations that amateur and professional researchers can use as a benchmark before commencing a Blockchain investigation in the future. © All articles included in the journal are copyrighted to the ITU and TUP.
Convergence of blockchain and IoT for managing decentralized medical records
(Nature Research, 2025) Rajesh Kumar Kaushal; Kumar Naveen; Ekkarat Boonchieng; Shrikant A. Mapari; Vinay Kukreja; Anshul Verma
This research introduces a strategy to integrate blockchain technology with Internet of Things. Amalgamation of blockchain technology and Internet of Things is vital as one of them offers to connect patients remotely and other provides a higher level of privacy, secure decentralized system and immutable data storage. The studies in the past were merely storing patient vitals overlooking the significance of medical reports. A medical history remains incomplete without storing medical reports. This research is offering a technique to store both medical reports and patient vitals on the blockchain ledger. To prevent overwhelming the blockchain network, a node.js application is developed which store the medical reports on the IPFS server and retrieve their corresponding hash values. Thereafter, these hash values along with the patient details and vitals are then transmitted to blockchain ledger. This study makes use of MAX30100 and DS18B20 sensors to monitor heart rate, blood oxygen and body temperature. ESP32 microcontroller is used to integrate these sensors and fetch their data periodically. Hyperledger fabric blockchain framework is used for maintaining the ledger and Hyperledger caliper tool is used to evaluate the overall performance of the proposed system. The performance is computed on three key parameters: reliability, throughput and latency. Reliability is evaluated in two phases, one with caliper tool and another with real RPM (Remote Patient Monitoring) unit. In the first phase, caliper tool transmitted 1500 transactions which are then verified by reading the ledger. In the second phase, RPM unit transmitted 480 transactions to blockchain ledger within 8 h. This study confirms that all transmitted transactions are successfully recorded on the blockchain ledger without any loss or failure. Medical reports submitted on IPFS server are also cross verified and found to be intact. The second experiment is carried out using two, four and eight workers attempting to execute 1000 transactions cumulatively at 40, 80 and 160 TPS (Transactions Per Second) respectively. It is noteworthy that when caliper tool is configured to execute transactions at 40 and 80 TPS, the achieved TPS remain unchanged. In contrast to this, when caliper tool is configured to send transactions at 160 TPS it could only achieve the transaction rate of 94 TPS. The peak of average latency is recorded as 0.45 s when transactions are executed at 94 TPS. The lowest latency is observed as 0.24 s at 40 TPS. As far as the throughput is concerned, the highest throughput is observed as 91.4 TPS when the caliper tool is attempting to execute transactions at 94 TPS. The system could achieve throughput of 39.8 and 79.4 TPS when caliper attempts to send transactions at 40 and 80 TPS respectively. The unique contribution of this study is to converge Hyperledger fabric blockchain framework, InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) and Internet of Things health sensors to develop a comprehensive solution for storing and retrieving the medical histories of remote patients, effectively managing both patient vitals and complex medical reports without compromising reliability and overall throughput. © The Author(s) 2025.
Privacy and Trustworthiness in Healthcare: A Blockchain and Attribute Based Access Control Integrated Approach
(Springer, 2025) Kritika Sharma; Kumar Naveen; Rajesh Kumar Kaushal; Anshul Verma
With a tremendous pace of a technology evolution, privacy and security becomes concern of everybody. However, given the uniqueness of its features, particularly, immutability and decentralization, blockchain is evolving as a promising solution. Through blockchain’s capabilities, many shortcomings of centralized systems can be overcome. Many of the existing systems have consensus protocols which mitigate risks and enhance the security for the system. By using different blockchain frameworks, it explores integration across different sectors. Moreover, bibliometric analysis and PRISMA were conducted in VosViewer and RStudio, with healthcare being a main area of application for blockchain. In the healthcare industry, data privacy is very important as you protect sensitive data from unauthorized access. Currently, Remote Patient Monitoring and Electronic Records are not robust in terms of data integrity and susceptible to breaches, and prone to security issues. The integration of blockchain with ABAC has solved these security and privacy problems and has been proposed in this study. Implementation of blockchain and fine grained access control through ABAC makes blockchain a secure, transparent, auditable and immutable data management system, which ultimately has the potential to incur advancement in healthcare. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.