Browsing by Author "Rajesh Kumar Meena"

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A comparative study of intraperitoneal ropivacaine and bupivacaine for postoperative analgesia in laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A randomized controlled trial
(Faculty of Anaesthesia, Pain and Intensive Care, AFMS, 2016) Rajesh Kumar Meena; Kavita Meena; Sandeep Loha; Shashi Prakash
Introduction: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is now the gold standard for treatment of symptomatic gallstones. After this surgery patients suffer visceral and shoulder pain secondary to peritoneal insufflation. Use of intraperitoneal and port site instillation of local anaesthetics has been used to reduce postoperative pain and decreases the need for intravenous opioids. Studies regarding comparison of intraperitoneal use of ropivacaine and buplvacaine to reduce postoperative pain are few. This study compared the efficacy of ropivacaine and bupivacaine in reducing postoperative pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. j Methodology: After ethical committee's clearance and informed consent 100 patients with symptomatic cholelithiasis, aged 20-70 years, of either gender, ASA status I to III and within ± 20% of ideal body weight, scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy were included. Patients were randomized into two groups with 50 patients in each group. Group-B: Patients received 0.5% buplvacaine in a dose of 2 mg/kg diluted in normal saline to make a solution of 50 ml. Group-R: Patients received 0.75% ropivacaine in a dose of 2 mg/kg diluted in normal saline to make a solution of 50 ml. Drug was instilled intra-peritoneal through in situ placed infra-umbilical trocar before extubation. NIBP, HR, SpOz, VAS, verbal rating scale (VRS) and rescue analgesia were recorded immediately postoperatively and then regularly every hour for the next 12 hours. Results: HR, SBP and DBP were comparatively lower in Group-R than in Group-B. The VAS score was significantly lower in Group-R from postoperative 5th hr to 12th hr. Rescue analgesia was given when VAS was > 40. VRS score was significantly lower in Group-R from postoperative 7th hr, showing longer duration of analgesia in this group. The rescue analgesia requirement was also less in Group-R. Conclusion: We conclude that the fnstillation of bupivacaine and ropivacaine intraperitonelly is an effective method of postoperative pain relief in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. It provides good analgesia in immediate postoperative period with ropivacaine providing longer duration of analgesia.
A comparative study of two methods of nasal tracheal fiberoptic intubation
(Faculty of Anaesthesia, Pain and Intensive Care, AFMS, 2018) Rajesh Kumar Meena; Ronak Rajen Mankodi; Kavita Meena; Dinesh Kumar Singh; Shashi Prakash
Introduction: Conventional fiberoptic intubation in a well anesthetized and prepared airway is found difficult with success rates of around 68%. The difficulty presents in the form of longer duration taken for intubation, coughing and bleeding. This study aimed to compare two facilitated methods designed to reduce time taken, complication rate, ease of insertion and hemodynamic stability. Methodology: After institute ethical committee clearance and a written informed consent, patients were randomly divided into two groups. Both groups were prepared, as per current standards. In Group-A (endotracheal tube group), the endotracheal tube was first inserted till 18 cm mark at the alae of nose. Fiberscope was passed through the tube, and navigated to pass through the true vocal cords and its adequate placement was confirmed. In the other group - Group-B (nasopharyngeal airway group), a spirally split Rusch nasopharyngeal airway of adequate size was warmed, lubricated and inserted in the nasal cavity. Fiberscope was passed through the airway, vocal cords were visualized, and the nasopharyngeal airway was removed before railroading the preloaded tube through the vocal cords and correct placement was confirmed. Time taken to intubate, cough episodes, bleeding and hemodynamic parameters were recorded. Results: The time taken for intubation in Group-A was 79.76 sec as compared to 44.15 sec in Group-B (p < 0.001). The increase in heart rate and mean arterial blood pressure were found to be significantly higher Group-A than those in Group-B. Conclusion: We conclude that split nasopharyngeal airway is better in assisting awake fiberoptic nasal intubation than through the endotracheal tube in terms of less time taken and better hemodynamic parameters. © Anaesthesia, Pain & Intensive Care, 2010-2013.
An innovative technique for nasotracheal fiberoptic intubation using SNPA and its comparison with conventional technique: RCT
(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2023) Kavita Meena; Rajesh Kumar Meena; Deepak Palanisamy; Deepesh; Aditya Prakash Nayak
Background: Awake nasotracheal fiberoptic intubation by conventional technique is time consuming and requires expertise. Complications encountered in the conventional technique sometime leads to procedure failure. Objective: The primary aim of this study was to compare the innovative technique using split nasopharyngeal airway (SNPA) with the conventional technique for nasotracheal fiberoptic intubation in terms of time taken for intubation. Method: This was a prospective, randomized, and single blind study conducted with 80 patients who were scheduled for maxillofacial surgery. Patients were randomized into two groups, group CFBI (conventional fiberoptic intubation) and group SNPA (split nasopharyngeal airway). In both the groups patients were prepared for awake fiberoptic naso‑tracheal intubation. In Group CFBI (N = 41) awake naso‑tracheal intubation was achieved by conventional technique of bronchoscope first approach. In Group SNPA (N = 39) spirally split nasopharyngeal airway was used first as a conduit for the passage of fiberoptic bronchoscope. The primary objective was to assess the time taken for intubation. The secondary objectives were to assess the rate of complications in the form of bleeding, cough, desaturation during the procedure, laryngospasm, and nasal bleeding. Result: The time taken for intubation was 6.15 ± 3.0 minutes in CFBI group and 3.10 ± 1.35 minutes in SNPA group and this this difference was statically significant with P value <0.001. Desaturation during the procedure was more in CFBI (99.46 ± 0.75) compared to SNPA (99 ± 0) group with significant difference P value <0.001. Conclusion: Split nasopharyngeal airway was used as conduit for the passage for the flexible fibreoptic bronchoscope and it considerably reduced the time required for fiberoptic nasotracheal intubation compared to the conventional technique of endotracheal tube first approach. Split nasopharyngeal airway provided better intubating conditions with lesser complications and superior patient comfort. © 2023 National Journal of Maxillofacial Surgery.
Can bacillus species enhance nutrient availability in agricultural soils?
(Springer International Publishing, 2017) Vijay Singh Meena; B.R. Maurya; Sunita Kumari Meena; Rajesh Kumar Meena; Ashok Kumar; J.P. Verma; N.P. Singh
One major challenge for the twenty-first century will be the production of sufficient food for the global human population. The negative impacts on soil-plant- microbes-environmental sustainability due to injudicious use of chemical fertilizer, pesticide, insecticide, etc. by the unaware farmers deteriorate soil and environment quality. One possible way to use efficient soil microorganisms to remediate nutrient deficiency in agricultural soils and other plant growth-promoting (PGP) activities that can be of help for plant growth and development. The Bacillus species is one the most dominant rhizospheric bacterial/rhizobacteria species like Bacillus subtilis, B. cereus, B. thuringiensis, B. pumilus, B. megaterium, etc. that can help enhance the plant growth and development by different mechanisms, which PGPR can inhibit phytopathogens is the production of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) and/or fungal cell wall degrading enzymes, e.g., chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase. Direct plant growth promotion includes symbiotic and non-symbiotic PGPR which function through production of plant hormones such as auxins, cytokinins, gibberellins, ethylene, and abscisic acid. Mitigate the challenge by adopting eco-friendly crop production practices. Some Bacillus species function as a sink for 1-aminocyclopropane- 1-carboxylate (ACC), the immediate precursor of ethylene in higher plants, by hydrolyzing it into a-ketobutyrate and ammonia and in this way promote root growth by lowering indigenous ethylene levels in the micro-rhizo environment. Bacillus species also help in solubilization of mineral phosphates, potassium, zinc, and other nutrients; rhizobacteria retain more soil organic N and other nutrients in the soil-plant system, thus reducing the need for fertilizers and enhancing release of the nutrients from indigenous or mineral sources, enhancing the economic and environmental sustainability. © Springer International Publishing AG 2016.
Comparison of caudal dexmedetomidine and fentanyl combined with bupivacaine in pediatric patients undergoing urogenital surgery
(Faculty of Anaesthesia, Pain and Intensive Care, AFMS, 2017) Umesh Kumar Kannojia; Rajesh Kumar Meena; Anil Kumar Paswan; Kavita Meena; Shashi Prakash; Sandeep Loha
Introduction: Caudal epidural block is one of the most popular, reliable, and safe techniques in pediatric patients that can provide analgesia for a variety of supra- and infra-umblical surgical procedures. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of dexmedetomidine–bupivacaine, fentanyl-bupivacaine mixture and bupivacaine alone on duration of postoperative analgesia, sedation, emergence agitation, duration of sensory and motor block, hemodynamic stability and side effects. Methodology: After approval from ethical committee 90 pediatric patients of age 2-7 y were enrolled. The children were randomly allocated to three equal groups of 30 each using a computer generated randomization list. Group BD (n=30) received 1 µg/kg dexmedetomidine with 0.5 ml/kg bupivacaine 0.25%; Group BF (n=30) received 1 µg/kg fentanyl with 0.5 ml/kg bupivacaine 0.25%, and Group B (n=30) received 0.5 ml/kg of bupivacaine 0.25% for caudal epidural analgesia. Caudal block was given after induction of general anesthesia for urogenital surgery. General anesthesia was maintained with sevoflurane at a concentration adjusted to maintain BIS between 40-60. Hemodynamic parameters, Pediatric Anaesthesia Emergence Delirium (PAED) score, Richmond agitation sedation scale (RASS), and Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Pain Scale (CHEOPS) were recorded immediate postoperatively and then regularly every hour for the next 12 hours. Results: PAED score was less in group BD than group B and BF from baseline. RASS Score was less in Group BD than Group BF from base line to 12 h except at 240 min and Group BF is less than Group B from base line to 12 h. Group BD was less than B from base line to 12 h. CHEOP score was less in Group BD than Group BF and Group B from base line to 12 h. Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine (1 µg/kg) added to bupivacaine in caudal block increases the duration of postoperative analgesia, provides arousable sedation, and decreases emergence delirium with stable hemodynamics and minimal side effects in pediatric patients. © 2017, Faculty of Anaesthesia, Pain and Intensive Care, AFMS. All rights reserved.
Comparison of two doses of magnesium sulphate as sedative during awake fiberoptic intubation for patients undergoing maxillofacial surgery: A prospective RCT
(Faculty of Anaesthesia, Pain and Intensive Care, AFMS, 2020) Kavita Meena; Armaanjeet Singh; Rajesh Kumar Meena; Dinesh Kumar Singh
Background and objectives: Awake fiberoptic intubation (AFI) is the technique of choice for anticipated difficult intubation via nasal/oral route depending on the type of surgery. Various anesthetic techniques have been used to facilitate AFI, including regional anesthesia, topical anesthesia and sedation. There are few studies regarding the use of magnesium sulphate for this purpose. The aim of our study was to find the efficacy of magnesium sulphate as sedative in patients with maxillofacial trauma undergoing AFI and to establish the dose that provides better sedation. Methodology: 80 patients with maxillofacial trauma scheduled to undergo open reduction and internal fixation were included in this randomized control trial. The patients were randomly divided into two groups. Group M1 received inj MgSO430 mg/kg in 100 mL NS and Group M2 received inj MgSO445 mg/kg in 100 mL NS over 10-15 min before surgery. Sedation was assessed using Ramsay Sedation Score. Result: The sedation scores were found to be higher in Group M2 as compared to Group M1, which was statistically significant (p < 0.006). On comparison of hemodynamic parameters before and after intubation, more blunting of hemodynamic response seen with 45 mg/kg MgSO4. Conclusion: Magnesium sulphate provides good sedation for awake fiberoptic intubation in patients with maxillofacial trauma, and a dose of 45 mg/kg of magnesium sulphate provides deeper sedation as compared to 30 mg/kg. © 2020 Faculty of Anaesthesia, Pain and Intensive Care, AFMS. All rights reserved.
Efficient manure management in achieving net-zero goals in the dairy sector
(Elsevier, 2025) Shreyas Bagrecha; Ridhi Pandey; Rajesh Kumar Meena; Kadagonda Nithinkumar; Nilutpal Saikia; Shubham Pal; Sandeep Naresh Kumar; Ram Swaroop Meena
The dairy sector has occupied a pivotal position within the agricultural sector, contributing significantly to the global economy but also to the guarantee of food security and livelihood to many individuals. However, climate change poses a significant issue for modern society, and the dairy sector is not exempt from its own set of obstacles. Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the dairy sector have become a growing global concern, with poor manure management playing a significant role. Manure, if not handled properly, can emit significant amounts of methane and nitrous oxide, two potent GHGs. Livestock manure alone contributes 51-118 million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent annually. Different kinds of manure management methods are used in dairy farming, and they are based on balances between economic, social, and environmental factors. Implementing innovative manure management practices provides a practical option to reduce these emissions and achieve net-zero emission targets. Effective manure management methods encompass appropriate storage, precise application, anaerobic digestion, composting, biofiltration, and adding additives and inhibitors. Consequently, use of manure to enhance soil health, while biogas generates clean energy, which plays a vital role in sustainability frameworks, going beyond just their environmental benefits. By implementing a suite of manure management practices, the dairy sector can significantly reduce its GHG footprint, which will ultimately support the worldwide shift toward a net-zero economy. © 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Isolation of low temperature surviving plant growth - promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) from pea (Pisum sativum L.) and documentation of their plant growth promoting traits
(Elsevier Ltd, 2015) Rajesh Kumar Meena; Ramesh Kumar Singh; Norang Pal Singh; Sunita Kumari Meena; Vijay Singh Meena
In the present investigation, four low temperature surviving PGPR strains were isolated from root nodules of pea (Pisum sativum L.) plant growing widely in different agro-climatic regions of the great northern Indian plains made fertile by the mighty river Ganges. All the PGPR strains were able to show growth at upto 5. °C in yeast extract-mannitol-mineral salts broth, but isolates PR-12-12 and PR-12-15 showing significantly higher cell growth as compared to other PGPR strains. In order to study their in-vitro characteristics, all PGPR strains are able to solubilize phosphate (Pi) on Pikovskaya agar plates ranging from 16-25. mm (7 DAI). Besides solubilizing Pi they produced phytohormone indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in the range of 62.7-198.1. μg/ml. These PGPR strains exhibited highest resistance to DNA gyrase inhibitor antibiotic nalidixic acid and least resistance to ciprofloxacin. The results strongly suggest that the PGPR strains characterized under present investigation may be useful as a novel biofertilizers for crop production at low temperature of the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) of India. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd.
Potassium-solubilizing microorganism in evergreen agriculture: An overview
(Springer India, 2016) Vijay Singh Meena; Indra Bahadur; Bihari Ram Maurya; Ashok Kumar; Rajesh Kumar Meena; Sunita Kumari Meena; Jay Prakash Verma
Increasing cost of the fertilizers with lesser nutrient use efficiency necessitates alternate means to fertilizers. Soil is a storehouse of nutrients and energy for living organisms under the soil-plant-microorganism system. These rhizospheric microorganisms are crucial components of sustainable agricultural ecosystems. They are involved in sustaining soil as well as crop productivity under organic matter decomposition, nutrient transformations, and biological nutrient cycling. The rhizospheric microorganisms regulate the nutrient flow in the soil through assimilating nutrients, producing biomass, and converting organically bound forms of nutrients. Soil microorganisms play a significant role in a number of chemical transformations of soils and thus, influence the availability of macro- and micronutrients. Use of plant growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPMs) helps in increasing yields in addition to conventional plant protection. The most important PGPMs are Azospirillum, Azotobacter, Bacillus subtilis, B. mucilaginosus, B. edaphicus, B. circulans, Paenibacillus spp., Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, Pseudomonas, Burkholderia, potassium, phosphorous, zinc-solubilizing microorganisms, or SMART microbes; these are eco-friendly and environmentally safe. The rhizosphere is the important area of soil influenced by plant roots. It is composed of huge microbial populations that are somehow different from the rest of the soil population, generally denominated as the “rhizosphere effect.” The rhizosphere is the small region of soil that is immediately near to the root surface and also affected by root exudates. © Springer India 2016. All rights reserved.
Revisiting the plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria: lessons from the past and objectives for the future
(Springer, 2020) Abhinav Aeron; Ekta Khare; Chaitanya Kumar Jha; Vijay Singh Meena; Shadia Mohammed Abdel Aziz; Mohammed Tofazzal Islam; Kangmin Kim; Sunita Kumari Meena; Arunava Pattanayak; Hosahatti Rajashekara; Ramesh Chandra Dubey; Bihari Ram Maurya; Dinesh Kumar Maheshwari; Meenu Saraf; Mahipal Choudhary; Rajhans Verma; H.N. Meena; A.R.N.S. Subbanna; Manoj Parihar; Shruti Shukla; Govarthanan Muthusamy; Ram Swaroop Bana; Vivek K. Bajpai; Young-Kyu Han; Mahfuzur Rahman; Dileep Kumar; Norang Pal Singh; Rajesh Kumar Meena
Plant beneficial rhizobacteria (PBR) is a group of naturally occurring rhizospheric microbes that enhance nutrient availability and induce biotic and abiotic stress tolerance through a wide array of mechanisms to enhance agricultural sustainability. Application of PBR has the potential to reduce worldwide requirement of agricultural chemicals and improve agro-ecological sustainability. The PBR exert their beneficial effects in three major ways; (1) fix atmospheric nitrogen and synthesize specific compounds to promote plant growth, (2) solubilize essential mineral nutrients in soils for plant uptake, and (3) produce antimicrobial substances and induce systemic resistance in host plants to protect them from biotic and abiotic stresses. Application of PBR as suitable inoculants appears to be a viable alternative technology to synthetic fertilizers and pesticides. Furthermore, PBR enhance nutrient and water use efficiency, influence dynamics of mineral recycling, and tolerance of plants to other environmental stresses by improving health of soils. This report provides comprehensive reviews and discusses beneficial effects of PBR on plant and soil health. Considering their multitude of functions to improve plant and soil health, we propose to call the plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPR) as PBR. © 2019, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.