Browsing by Author "Ram Keval"

Now showing 1 - 19 of 19

Biology and morphometric description of pulse beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius) on chickpea
(Malhotra Publishing House, 2023) Saswati Premkumari; R.S. Meena; Rohit Chauhan; Ram Keval; C.P. Srivastava
The present investigation focused on the biology, reproductive parameters and morphometric characterization of pulse beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius) reared on chickpea, Cicer arietinum under laboratory condition. Results showed that eggs were spindle-shaped, laid singly and staunchly adhered to the seed coat. The larva was C-shaped and lived inside the seed. The adult came out by making a window hole on the seed. It took 3 to 5 days for hatching of eggs. The total larval duration was 14-20 days and pupal period varied between 6-7 days. All life stages were measured morphometrically. The mean length and width of the egg were 0.62 ± 0.03 mm and 0.41 ± 0.03 mm, respectively. Average length and width for first instar larva were 0.67 ± 0.03 mm and 0.37 ± 0.02 mm, for second instar larva, it was 1.86 ± 0.06 mm and 1.18 ± 0.03 mm, for third instar larva, 2.70 ± 0.06 mm, and 1.47 ± 0.03 mm and for fourth instar larvae it was 3.61 ± 0.03 mm and, 1.97 ± 0.04 mm respectively. The average of total body length of male and female adult was 3.88 ± 0.09 mm and, 4.02 ± 0.12 mm respectively. The total life cycle of an adult male and female was 36.49 and 40.07 days, respectively, with an average fecundity of 91.30 ± 7.74 eggs per female. © (2023). All Rights Reserved.
Comparative Biology and Reproductive Performances of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) Populations Across India
(Agricultural Research Communication Centre, 2023) Snehel Chakravarty; C.P. Srivastava; Ram Keval
Background: Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) is an important biotic constraint to major grain legumes in India. Biological characterization of any pest species is critical for making effective management decisions. Thus, this study comprehensively presents the biological and reproductive demographic traits of different geographic populations of H. armigera across the country. Methods: In this field-laboratory investigation (2015-18), populations from 20 localities were evaluated for developmental period of all the life stages, survival and reproduction and growth and fitness indices. All these parameters were recorded from the maintained insect cultures of each location from second filial (F2) generation. Result: The mean developmental periods of the immature stages, as well as adult longevity, were found to be longest in the Cooch Behar population. In contrast, the populations from South Zone took significantly shorter duration over others to complete their life cycle. All the populations were found to be female-biased, but significant differences were observed for reproductive competence of female moths. Wide variations were also observed in the relative growth and fitness indices, with the highest recorded from Varanasi population. Cluster analysis differentiated studied populations into two distinct groups. Such variations seem to be due to probable genetic heterogeneity in H. armigera populations of India. © 2023, Agricultural Research Communication Centre. All rights reserved.
Effect of Humidity on Pest and Disease Incidence in Crops
(Apple Academic Press, 2025) Ramkumar; Manisha Chaudhary; Prince Sahu; Kartikey Singh; Ravi Kumar; Anju Shukla; Chander Singh; Vishal Dinkar; Ashish Kumar Singh; Niharika Singh; Ram Keval; Anshuman Semwal; Rishi Nath Pandey
Humidity is a term used to describe how much moisture or water vapor is present in an atmosphere. It is a crucial environmental factor in the emergence, growth, and development of diseases and pests. Insects have a greater ability for reproduction, and high humidity has an impact on their physiology. There are several differences in how ambient moisture affects an insect’s metabolic rate. It may have an impact on insect behavior such as post-diapause egg hatching, molting, mating, and pest movement. Dry environments trigger diapause, but moist ones promote the growth and pupation of insect pests. With a maximal rate of disease progress at intermediate RHs (50–56%), disease development is often faster at close to room temperature. Low RH levels speed up host tissue death, inhibit disease progression, and limit spore germination and lesion growth. Within a range of suitable temperatures, intermediate RH levels enhance disease progression by increasing spore germination. Although prolonged exposure to these conditions seems to be detrimental for the development of disease, high RH enhances spore germination. Epidemics of disease, the prevalence of pests, and the use of pesticides are all influenced by weather conditions, especially high ambient humidity. Soil moisture and temperature have a considerable impact on the emergence and spread of nematodes and plant diseases. The population growth, survival, and incidence of nematodes are influenced by humidity. When egg-laying in a dry environment, mites produce more eggs more quickly and live longer than when doing so in a nearly saturated environment. In a moist environment, newly hatched mites have a limited chance of survival. At higher RH levels (>96%) with a well-defined incubation period, entomopathogenic agents exhibit their highest infection potential and mortality rates. © 2025 by Apple Academic Press, Inc.
EFFICACY OF SOME INSECTICIDES AGAINST MAJOR INSECT PESTS OF LONG DURATION PIGEONPEA
(The Entomological Society of India, 2021) Saswati Premkumari; C.P. Srivastava; Sabuj Ganguly; Ram Keval
The efficacy and economics of some newer insecticides against three major insect pests of long duration pigeonpea viz. Melanagromyza obtusa, Clavigralla gibbosa and Helicoverpa armigera were evaluated in this study. The treatments included-spinosad 45SC @ 73 g a.i./ ha, emamectin benzoate 5SG @ 250 g a.i./ ha, fipronil 80WG @ 50 g a.i./ ha, profenophos 50EC @ 500 g a.i./ ha, acetamiprid 20SP @ 20 g a.i./ ha and acephate 75SP @ 750 g a.i./ ha. The results showed that the grain damage due to pod fly and pod bug was lowest in acetamiprid 20SP (9.97 and 1.96%, respectively) followed by fipronil 80WG. Maximum grain yield was obtained with acetamiprid 20SP (1180.85 kg/ ha) followed by fipronil 80WG (1150.50 kg/ ha) and spinosad 45SC (1140.55 kg/ ha). The cost effectiveness of acetamiprid and fipronil was very high with a cost-benefit ratio (CBR) of 1:12.63 and 1: 8.17, respectively. © 2021, The Entomological Society of India. All rights reserved.
Egg and larval population of helicoverpa armigera in ipm modules in pigeonpea
(The Entomological Society of India, 2020) Amit Yadav; Ram Keval; Abhishek Yadav
Present study done during kharif 2013-14 and 2014-15 at the Agricultural Research Farm, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi evaluates the egg and larval population of Helicoverpa armigera in pigeonpea, as influenced by selected IPM modules. The least egg population was observed with the module M2 (pheromone traps @ 20 + bird perches @ 20 + Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki @ 1.0 kg + spinosad 45SC @ 73 g/ ha. As regards larval population, the module M4 (pheromone traps @ 20 + bird perches @ 20 + indoxacarb 14.5 SC @ 60 g a.i. + imidacloprid 17.8 SL @ 20 g a.i. + indoxacarb 14.5 SC @ 60 g a.i./ha) was the one with least numbers. The relationship between egg and larval counts was positive and highly significant in all modules during both the years. © 2020, The Entomological Society of India. All rights reserved.
Evaluating the efficacy of insecticides against major insect pest threats on pigeonpea in Eastern Plain Zone of Uttar Pradesh
(Malhotra Publishing House, 2025) Krishna Kant Prajapati; Ramkumar Niranjan; Ram Keval; Ashish Kumar Singh
The efficacy of seven insecticides was evaluated against major insect pests on long-duration pigeonpea crop. The results showed that Thiamethoxam 25 WG was the most effective against tur pod fly with the lowest maggot population, pod damage (23.33%), and grain damage (11.94%). Flubendiamide 480 SC resulted in the lowest larval population of gram pod borer, with the least pod and grain damage (0.67% and 0.21%, respectively). Thiamethoxam 25 WG also recorded the lowest bug population, pod damage, and grain damage in the case of tur pod bugs. The highest grain yield (1065.63 kg/ha) was achieved with Thiamethoxam 25 WG, followed by Flubendiamide 480 SC (1038.67 kg/ha). Thiamethoxam 25 WG also had the highest incremental cost-benefit ratio (1:7.04), followed by Flubendiamide 480 SC (1:5.06). Based on these results, Thiamethoxam 25 WG and Flubendiamide 480 SC can be recommended for controlling the key insect pests of pigeonpea in Eastern Plain Zone of Uttar Pradesh. © 2025, Malhotra Publishing House. All rights reserved.
Evaluation of certain newer insecticides against pod fly (Melanagromyza obtusa) and pod borer (Helicoverpa armigera) on long duration pigeonpea
(Gaurav Publications, 2016) Ram Keval; Amit Yadav; C.P. Srivastava; Rahul Kumar
The investigations on efficacy of different newer insecticides action (Acetamiprid 20 SP @ 20 g a. i./ha, spinosad 45% SC @ 73 g a. i./ha, rynaxypyr 18.5 SC 30 g a. i/ha, dimethoate 30 EC @ 600 g a. i./ha, profenophos+DDVP 20 ml+0.5 ml/l, acephate 75 SP @ 750 g a. i./ha) against pod fly (Melanogromyza obtusa Malloch) and pod borer (Helicoverpa armigera Hubner) on long duration pigeonpea variety "Bahar" were carried out at Agricultural Research Farm of Banaras Hindu University during the kharif seasons of 2012-13 and 2013-14. Among the insecticides tested, the lowest pod and grain damage by H. armigera was recorded in the plot treated with rynaxypyr 18.5 SC @ 30 g a. i./ha (1.66 &2.67% and 0.53 &2.05%, respectively) which was at par with spinosad 45% SC @ 73 g a. i./ha (2.00 &3.33% and 0.57 &2.51%, respectively). While in case of pod fly, the lowest pod and grain damage was recorded in the plot treated with spinosad 45% SC @ 73 g a. i./ha (22.66 &23.00% and 11.55 &7.74%, respectively) which was at par with acetamiprid 20 SP @ 20 g a. i./ha (26.66 &24.33 and 11.78 &8.68%, respectively).
Evaluation of Insecticides and Biopesticides against Helicoverpa armigera in Different Modules of Short Duration Pigeonpea
(Agricultural Research Communication Centre, 2022) Amit Yadav; Ram Keval; Abhishek Yadav
Background: Pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] is an important legume crop from the Family Fabaceae. Pigeonpea commonly known as ‘Arhar’ or ‘Tim’ is mainly consumed in the form of split pulse as ‘dal’. Pigeonpea is cultivated as an annual or semi-perennial crop, usually in mixed cropping systems. Pigeonpea is attacked by insect-pests right from sowing to harvesting and also during the storage. Gram pod borer, H. armigera has been a major pest in most parts of the country. Therefore, keeping these views in mind, the present study was conducted. Methods: Present investigations were carried out during Kharif season of 2013 and 2014 to evaluate some insecticides and biopesticides against Helicoverpa armigera in various modules on short duration pigeonpea. Result: The mean larval population of H. armigera after spray was minimum in M3 (1.15 larvae plant-1) followed by M2 (1.17 larvae plant-1) and maximum in module M5 (1.61 larvae plant-1) during Khaif 2013. During Khaif 2014 mean larval population of H. armigera after spray was minimum in M2 (1.11 larvae plant-1) followed by M3 (1.12 larvae plant-1) and maximum in module M5 (1.58 larvae plant-1). Hence these modules (M2 and M3) can be adopted by the farmers for effective and economic management of H. armigera. © 2022, Agricultural Research Communication Centre. All rights reserved.
Evaluation of some insecticides and biopesticides for the management of pod bug, Clavigralla gibbosa (Spinola) on long duration pigeonpea
(Malhotra Publishing House, 2023) Babli Bagri; Ram Keval
Study revealed that the acetamiprid 20% SP was found superior and showed minimum pod and grain damage during 2-year trial followed by fipronil 80% WG, azadirachtin 1500 PPM, thiamethoxam 25% WG, Beauveria bassiana 1.15% WP and deltamethrin 2.8% EC. The highest damage due to pod bug was found in Clothianidin 50% WDG treated plot over control. Acetamiprid 20% SP treated plots also showed maximum yield followed by other treatments. © 2023 MPH J ent Res. All Rights Reserved.
Field screening and evaluation of long duration pigeonpea genotypes against the infestation of pod bug
(Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology, 2015) Rahul Kumar; Ram Keval; Amit Yadav; C.P. Srivastava
Eighteen promising long duration pigeonpea genotypes were screened for their reaction against pod bug at Agriculture Research farm, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi during kharif 2013-14 and 2014-15. The first incidence of pod bug, Clavigralla gibbosa was observed in 4th standard week during both the year in all genotype. The peak of population of pod bug was recorded from 12th to 13th standard week in different genotypes. The results revealed that the incidence of pod bug was significantly highest in IPA 7-10 i.e. (4.68 bug/plant) followed by MA-6 (4.44 bug/ plant), NDA 13-1 (3.98 bug/plant), and lowest in genotype i.e. KA 12-2 (1.96 bug/plant), followed by KA 12-2 (2.06 bug/plant), BAHAR (2.17 bug/plant) during 2013-14 and during 2014-15, the mean population of Pod bug was recorded highest in IPA 7-10 i.e. (4.45 bug/ plant) followed by NDA 13-1 (4.06 bug/plant), MA-6 (4.04 bug/plant), and lowest in genotype i.e. KA 12-2 (1.82 bug/plant), followed by KA 12-2 (1.95 bug/plant), BAHAR (2.06 bug/plant). The per cent pod damage caused by Pod bug on different genotypes observed significantly during both the year. During 2013-14, the highest pod damage by pod bug were seen in IPA 7-10 i.e. (39.67%) followed by MA 6 (37.33%), NDA 13-1 (36.67%) and lowest pod damage observed in KA 12-2 (19.67%) followed by KA 12-3 (22%), BAHAR (24.33%) and during 2014-15 the highest pod damage by pod bug were seen in IPA 7-10 i.e. (35%) followed by MA 6 (34%), NDA 13-1 (32.67%) and lowest pod damage observed in KA 12-2 (16.33%) followed by KA 12-3 (18%), BAHAR (18.33%). The per cent grain damage caused by Pod bug on different genotypes observed significantly during both the year. During 2013-14 the highest grain damage by pod bug were seen in IPA 7-10 i.e. (22.13%) followed by MA 6 (15.95%), NDA 13-1 (15.38%) and lowest grain damage observed in KA 12-2 (10.13%) followed by KA 12-3 (10.58%), BAHAR (19.20%) and during 2014-15 the highest grain damage by pod bug were seen in IPA 7-10 i.e. (20.63%) followed by MA 6 (14.45%), NDA 13-1 (13.43%) and lowest grain damage observed in KA 12-2 (6.98%) followed by KA 12-3 (6.98%), BAHAR (7.91%). The grain yield of different genotype differed significantly during both the year and ranged from 1027 kg/ha in the genotype IPA 7-10 to 1960 kg/ha in KA 12-2 during 2013-14 and 819 kg/ha in the genotype IPA 7-10 to 1785 kg/ha in the genotype KA 12-2 during 2014-15. © 2015, Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology. All rights reserved.
Field screening of some long duration pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] genotypes against the infestation of Pod bug, Clavigralla gibbosa (Spinola) and gram pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner)
(Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology, 2016) Sabuj Ganguly; C.P. Srivastava; Ram Keval; Sitanshu
Twenty-five long duration pigeonpea genotypes were screened for the reaction against pod bug and gram pod borer during Kharif season of 2014-15 at the Agricultural Research Farm, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi. The first incidence of pod bug, Clavigralla gibbosa (Spinola) was observed in 4th standard week and continued to 12th standard week in all genotypes The population of pod bug was found to be highest in genotype Bahar (check) and ICP 7035-1 in 11th standard week with population of 10.3 bugs/plant and 10.2 bugs/plant, respectively. The mean population of pod bug was recorded highest in genotypes Bahar (check) and ICP 7035-1 i.e. (6.8 bugs/plant) and lowest in genotype ICP 13212-1 (3.0 bugs/plant). The first incidence of pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) larvae was observed in 4th standard week in fifteen genotypes out of the total twenty-five genotypes. The mean population of pod borer was recorded highest in genotype ICP 13198-1 i.e. (1.1 larvae/plant) followed by Bahar (check), ICPL 97253 and ICPHaRL 4985-4 (1.0 larvae/plant) and no incidence of pod borer was recorded in genotype ICPHaRL 4985-10 and ICPL 20062. The highest per cent pod damage caused by Clavigralla gibbosa (Spinola) was found in ICP 7035-1 (26.0 per cent), followed by ICPHaRL 4985-11 (21.5 per cent) and ICPL 88039-1 (21.0 per cent). The per cent pod damage inflicted by Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) ranged from nil in genotypes ICPHaRL 4985-10 and ICPL 20062 to 5.5 per cent in genotype ICP 13198-1. The genotype ICP 13198-1 (5.5 per cent) showed higher per cent pod damage as compared to check, Bahar (5.0 per cent). Whereas, all other genotypes showed lower per cent pod damage as compared to Bahar (5.5 per cent). The genotype ICPHaRL 4985-4 showed 5.5 per cent of pod damage similar to the check (Bahar). The per cent grain damage caused by Pod bug on different genotypes ranged from 1.96 per cent in genotype ICP 13212-1 to 16.97 per cent in genotype Bahar (check cultivar). The per cent grain damage due to lepidopterous pod borer on different genotypes varied from nil in genotypes ICPHaRL 4985-10 and ICPL 20062 to 3.03 per cent in genotype ICPHaRL 4989-7. Due to the adverse weather conditions that prevailed during the crop season, a very low grain yields were recorded. The grain yield of different genotypes differed significantly and ranged from 105.6 kg/ha in the genotype ICPL 85063 to 338.9 kg/ha in ICP 7035-1.
Incidence pattern of major insect pests of long duration pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) and their correlation with weather factors
(Malhotra Publishing House, 2024) Krishna Kant Prajapati; Ramkumar; Ram Keval
The incidence of Melanagromyza obtusa was observed in the 2nd SW, whose maggot population was highest in the 11th SW (8.07 maggots/plant). The presence of Clavigralla gibbosa was noticed for the first time in the 2nd SW, which reached its peak (6.13 bugs/plant) in the 12th SW. Gram pod borer (H. armigera) larva initially appeared in the 3rd SW, and the maximum in the 12th SW (4.40 larvae/plant). The plume moth (E. atomosa) larval first incidence in the 4th SW and maximum larval population was found in the 12th SW (2.20 larvae/plant). The highest and lowest temperatures had a significant positive association with all insect populations, whereas a significant negative association between all the insects with evening RH. The tur pod fly and plume moth population had a significant positive association with sunshine hours. © (2023), (Malhotra Publishing House). All Rights Reserved.
Insect Virulence Mechanisms against Entomopathogenic Nematodes: Understanding the Molecular Basis of Host-Parasite Interactions
(Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2024) Ramkumar; Ravi Kumar; Amit Shekhar; Prince Sahu; Kartikey Singh; Ram Keval; Shivam Kumar; Vinay Kumar; Puneet Kumar; Pankaj Kumar Rajpoot; Ashish Kumar Singh
Nematodes have demonstrated remarkable adaptability, occupying an extensive array of ecological niches, particularly as parasites. Among these parasitic nematodes are the entomopathogenic nematodes, which have formed associations with insect pathogenic bacteria, often lethal to their insect hosts. Notably, two nematode genera, Heterorhabditis, and Steinernema, have evolved to coexist with specific bacteria, Photorhabdus, and Xenorhabdus, respectively. This symbiotic partnership equips them with the ability to kill insects and utilise them as a source of sustenance. A critical phase in this process involves specialized infective stage IJ3, non-feeding juveniles. These IJ3 nematodes are adept at locating and invading suitable insect hosts, often through natural openings like anus, mouth, and spiracles. These hosts typically carry symbiotic bacteria within their intestines. Upon invasion, the nematodes release the bacteria into the insect host. This co-infection has multifaceted effects, including the suppression of host insect’s immune system and induction of septicemia. This ultimately leads to the host’s demise within a short timeframe of 24 to 48 hours. Once the insect host has perished, the nematodes, aided by the bacteria, contribute to the decomposition of the cadaver, thus accessing essential nutrients. They also serve as guardians, preventing opportunistic bacteria and fungi from utilising the nutrient-rich cadaver. After exhausting the available resources within the insect host, the entomopathogenic nematodes transition into colonised infective stages, ready to embark on their quest for a new insect host. This unique relationship between nematodes and bacteria is mutualistic in nature. Nematodes act as vectors, transporting the bacteria into the host, where they thrive and create optimal conditions for the nematodes’ survival and reproduction within insect cadavers. This intricate mechanism of insect infection through nematodes has found applications in pest management practices, making it an integral component of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programs. © 2024 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.
Ipm modules with short duration pigeonpea against pod infesting pests
(The Entomological Society of India, 2020) Amit Yadav; Ram Keval; Abhishek Yadav
During kharif 2013-14 and 2014-15 at the Agricultural Research Farm, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, the damage by major pod infesting pests of pigeonpea was assessed, and the cost benefit ratio of IPM modules worked out. The IPM module M4 consisting sequential sprays of indoxacarb+ imidacloprid+ indoxacarb was observed to be the best (cost benefit ratio being 1:3.72 in 2013-14 and 1:3.96 in 2014-15. The next best module was the M3 with sequential sprays of HaNPV + indoxacarb + HaNPV. © 2020, The Entomological Society of India. All rights reserved.
Monitoring of Gram Pod Borer, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) through Pheromone Traps in Different Modules of Short Duration Pigeonpea
(Agricultural Research Communication Centre, 2021) Amit Yadav; Ram Keval; Abhishek Yadav
Present investigations were carried out during Kharif season of 2013-14 and 2014-15 at the Agricultural Research Farm, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi to monitor the population of Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) by using pheromone traps and to start appropriate control measures in time. The maximum numbers of moth catches were recorded during 44th (16.8 pheromone trap-1) and 45th (19.5 pheromone trap-1) standard week in all the modules during Kharif 2013 and 2014. Relationship between pheromone trap catches and egg population was found significant and positively correlated in all modules except M3 during 2013. In the succeeding year 2014, the correlation between pheromone trap catches and egg population was positive and significant only in case of M5. The correlation between pheromone trap catches and larval population was positive in all modules but significant in case of M1 during 2013. In the succeeding year 2014, the correlation between pheromone trap catches and larval population was positive in all modules but significant only in M5. © 2021, Agricultural Research Communication Centre. All rights reserved.
MORPHOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL BASIS OF RESISTANCE TO POD BORER HELICOVERPA ARMIGERA IN PIGEONPEA
(The Entomological Society of India, 2022) Saniya Tyagi; Ram Keval; Sunil Verma; Dhruba Narayan Kohar
This study evaluates sources of resistance to the pod borer Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) in 15 long duration pigeonpea genotypes with experiments done during 2017-19. Association of morphological and biochemical traits was also evaluated. The results revealed that the least pod damage was attributed to high phenol content in pods (-0.668**), seeds (-0.719**) and high trichomes density (-0.637*). The susceptibility of genotypes (IVT-1-903, IVT-12-904, IVT-703) was indicated by their high pest susceptibility rating (PSR), and due to greater pod length (0.563*) and width (0.603**). The activity of protein, reducing sugars, chlorophyll, carbohydrates, pod wall thickness and number of seeds/ pod was also studied. Genotypes IVT-705, IVT-706 and IVT-1-901 emerged out to be the least susceptible (PSR = 4). Role of these traits are discussed to identify basis of resistance. © 2019, The Entomological Society of India. All rights reserved.
MORPHOLOGY OF IMMATURE STAGES AND ADULTS OF HELICOVERPA ARMIGERA
(The Entomological Society of India, 2022) Snehel Chakravarty; Sabuj Ganguly; Kanchan Gangaram Padwal; Ram Keval; C.P. Srivastava
Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) is a highly polyphagous insect pest of worldwide occurrence, including India. In the present study, a detailed morphological assessment of H. armigera showed the following: Typically dome-shaped egg with ribbed surface; larva having coriaceous skin, biordinal crochets and 11 primary setae on the prothoracic segment; pupa adecticous and obtect with prominent posterior tip cremaster; and adult forewings characterized by the presence of 7-8 black spots along the apical margin and a reniform shaped brown marking, more prominent on the underside. Adults exhibit sexual dimorphism in the colour of vestiture and forewings. The genitalic traits like the presence of usually 12 or less sets of cornuti in aedeagus, apically broadened harpe having length ranging between 4.5 to 4.9 mm and a single lobe at the base of everted vesica in males, and four distinct signa on bursa copulatrix in females, also distinguishes it from other congeneric species. © 2019, The Entomological Society of India. All rights reserved.
Physicochemical traits of pigeonpea genotypes and resistance to pod fly Melanagromyza Obtusa (Malloch)
(The Entomological Society of India, 2021) Saniya Tyagi; Ram Keval
Resistance to the pod fly in 15 long duration pigeonpea genotypes is evaluated in this study done during kharif 2017-18 and 2018-19. Also, the variability in their physicochemical traits (pod length, pod width, number of grains per pod, pod wall thickness, trichome density, carbohydrate, protein, reducing sugars, phenol, and chlorophyll) has been studied. The results revealed that the pod length showed a positive correlation, whereas pod wall thickness and trichome density showed negative correlation with pod fly damage. The genotypes IVT-706, IVT-705 and IVT-208 showed less damage because of these. The genotypes having more protein, reducing sugar and carbohydrates were found to be more prone. Phenol content was negatively correlated with damage (r =-0.618). Overall, the genotypes IVT-705, IVT-706 and IVT-12-904 were found to be least susceptible to pod fly damage. © 2021, The Entomological Society of India. All rights reserved.
Seasonal occurrence of major insect pests infesting pea (Pisum saivum L.) in relation with abiotic factors
(DAV College, 2020) Ram Keval; H.S. Vanajakshi; Sunil Verma; Abhinav Kumar
To study the seasonal incidence of insect pests of pea (P. sativum) viz. H. armigera and A. caccivora, the investigation was carried out during Rabi session of 2016-17 and 2017-18, at the Agricultural Research Farm, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh. Seasonal incidence of pests infesting pea was recorded from 50th SMW to 11th SMW, during the observation it was found that H. armigera persisted in field from 52nd SMW to 11th SMW with peak during 9th SMW (5.30 larvae/meter row length). A. craccivora population persisted in the field from 51st to 11th and attained peak level during 5th standard week (68 aphids/top 15 cm twig). During both the years correlations study revealed that revealed that H.armigera and A. craccivora showed positive association with maximum temperature, minimum temperature, sunshine hours, and wind speed whereas, negative association with morning and evening relative humidity, however, the A. craccivora population shows positive correlation with minimum temperature, morning and relative humidity and negative correlation with maximum temperature, sunshine hours and wind speed. Likewise, observations during 2017-18 revealed that the incidence patterns and correlations studied follow somewhat same trend as in previous year. © 2020 DAV College. All rights reserved.