Browsing by Author "Ram Sharan Singh"

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Biochar for remediation of agrochemicals and synthetic organic dyes from environmental samples: A review
(Elsevier Ltd, 2021) Ravindra Kumar Gautam; Mandavi Goswami; Rakesh K. Mishra; Preeti Chaturvedi; Mukesh Kumar Awashthi; Ram Sharan Singh; Balendu Shekhar Giri; Ashok Pandey
Application of agrochemicals in farming sector to control insects and pests; and use of synthetic organic dyes to color the products are increasing continuously due to the rapid growth of industries. During the application process many industries releases toxic agrochemicals and dyes in to the aquatic environment and on land without the proper treatment. Due to their toxicity the disposal of such chemicals is of utmost importance. Biochar offers the ability to remediate these substances from environmental matrices because of their high sorption ability of pollutants from water and soil. This review highlights the development and advancement of biochar-based treatment for abatement of agrochemicals and synthetic organic dyes, involving its technical aspects and the variables connected with removing these kinds of pollutants. Several optimization parameters like temperature, pH, chemical concentration, biochar properties, time, and co-existing ions have been elaborated. Literature survey shows that most of the researches on biochar application have been conducted in the batch mode. Hence there is an urgent need to apply this beneficial technique for the remediation of pollutants at the larger scale in the real water and soil samples. A comprehensive summary on sorption kinetics and adsorption isotherms with regards to pollutant removal is also presented. This review also covers the cost analysis of various techniques where biochar has been used as an adsorbent. Thus this review makes an easy roadmap for the further development in biochar and biochar based composites and expansion of these demanding areas of research in biochar and their applications. © 2021
Biodegradation of chlorpyrifos by Pseudomonas sp. in a continuous packed bed bioreactor
(Elsevier Ltd, 2014) Maya Yadav; Navnita Srivastva; Ram Sharan Singh; Siddh Nath Upadhyay; Suresh Kumar Dubey
Biodegradation of chlorpyrifos (CP) by Pseudomonas (Iso 1) sp. was investigated in batch as well as continuous bioreactors packed with polyurethane foam pieces. The optimum process parameters for the maximum removal of CP, determined through batch experiments, were found to be: inoculum level, 300×106CfumL-1; CP concentration, 500mgL-1; pH 7.5; temperature, 37°C and DO, 5.5mgL-1. The continuous packed bed bioreactor was operated at various flow rates (10-40mLh-1) under the optimum conditions. The steady state CP removal efficiency of more than 91% was observed up to the inlet load of 300mgL-1d-1. The bioreactor was sensitive to flow fluctuations but was able to recover its performance quickly and exhibited the normal plug-flow behavior. Accumulation of TCP (3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol) affected the reactor performance. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.
Characterization of bacterial isolates from rubber dump site and their use in biodegradation of isoprene in batch and continuous bioreactors
(Elsevier Ltd, 2015) Navnita Srivastva; Awadhesh Kumar Shukla; Ram Sharan Singh; Siddh Nath Upadhyay; Suresh Kumar Dubey
Bacterial isolates from contaminated soil of a waste rubber dumping site were isolated and characterized using biochemical and molecular approaches. Isoprene degradation kinetics in batch mode (isoprene concentration: 100-1000ppm) revealed the degradation efficiency of isolates as: Pseudomonas sp. (83%)>Alcaligenes sp. (70%)>Klebsiella sp. (68.5%). The most efficient isolate Pseudomonas sp. was finally inoculated in a specifically designed bioreactor system comprising a bioscrubber and a biofilter packed with polyurethane foam connected in series. The bioscrubber and biofilter units when operated in a series showed more than 90% removal efficiency up to the inlet loading rate (IL) of 371.1g/m3/h. Maximum elimination capacity (EC) of biofilter was found to be an order of magnitude greater than that for bioscrubber. Oxidative cleavage of the double bond of isoprene has been revealed through IR spectra of the leachate. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd.
Doxorubicin-Intercalated Li-Al-Based LDHs as Potential Drug Delivery Nanovehicle with pH-Responsive Therapeutic Cargo for Tumor Treatment
(American Chemical Society, 2024) Swapan Maity; Dipesh Kumar Dubey; Jairam Meena; Anusmita Shekher; Ram Sharan Singh; Pralay Maiti
Clinical oncology is currently experiencing a technology bottleneck due to the expeditious evolution of therapy defiance in tumors. Although drugs used in chemotherapy work for a sort of cell death with potential clinical application, the effectiveness of chemotherapy-inducing drugs is subject to several endogenous conditions when used alone, necessitating the urgent need for controlled mechanisms. A tumor-targeted drug delivery therapy using Li-Al (M+/M3+)-based layered double hydroxide (LDHs) family has been proposed with the general chemical formula [M+1-x M3+x (OH)]2x+[(Am-)2x/m. n(H2O)]2x−, which is fully biodegradable and works in connection with the therapeutic interaction between LDH nanocarriers and anticancerous doxorubicin (DOX). Compositional variation of Li and Al in LDHs has been used as a nanoplatform, which provides a functional balance between circulation lifetime, drug loading capacity, encapsulation efficiency, and tumor-specific uptake to act as self-regulatory therapeutic cargo to be released intracellularly. First-principle analyses based on DFT have been employed to investigate the interaction of bonding and electronic structure of LDH with DOX and assess its capability and potential for a superior drug carrier. Following the internalization into cancer cells, nanoformulations are carried to the nucleus via lysosomes, and the mechanistic pathways have been revealed. Additionally, in vitro along with in vivo therapeutic assessments on melanoma-bearing mice show a dimensional effect of nanoformulation for better biocompatibility and excellent synergetic anticancer activity. Further, the severe toxic consequences associated with traditional chemotherapy have been eradicated by using injectable hydrogel placed just beneath the tumor site, and regulated release of the drug has been confirmed through protein expression applying various markers. However, Li-Al-based LDH nanocarriers open up new design options for multifunctional nanomedicine, which has intriguing potential for use in cancer treatment through sustained drug delivery. © 2024 American Chemical Society.
Efficacy of aspergillus sp. for degradation of chlorpyrifos in batch and continuous aerated packed bed bioreactors
(Humana Press Inc., 2015) Maya Yadav; Navnita Srivastva; Awadhesh Kumar Shukla; Ram Sharan Singh; Siddh Nath Upadhyay; Suresh Kumar Dubey
Aerobic biodegradation of chlorpyrifos (CP) by Aspergillus sp. was investigated in batch and continuous packed bed bioreactors. The optimal process parameters for achieving the maximum removal efficiency (RE), determined using a batch bioreactor packed with polyurethane foam pieces, were inoculum level: 2.5 mg (wet weight) mL−1, pH 7.0, temperature 28 °C, DO 5.8 mg L−1, and CP concentration 300 mg L−1. The continuous packed bed bioreactor was operated at flow rates ranging from 10 to 40 mL h−1 while keeping other parameters at their optimal level. Steady-state CP removal efficiencies greater than 85 % were obtained up to the inlet loading of 180 mg L−1 d−1. The continuous bioreactor behaved as a plug flow unit and was able to stabilize quickly after perturbation in the inlet loading. © 2014, Springer Science+Business Media New York.
Exploiting microbial biomass in treating azo dyes contaminated wastewater: Mechanism of degradation and factors affecting microbial efficiency
(Elsevier Ltd, 2021) Riti Thapar Kapoor; Mohammed Danish; Ram Sharan Singh; Mohd Rafatullah; Abdul Khalil H.P.S.
Water pollution, mainly occurring from manufacturing industries, has been a serious environmental issue in the contemporary world. Dyeing processes produce a massive amount of dye-contaminated effluent; it is a major culprit for water and soil pollution in developing and underdeveloped countries. The azo dye released from industries poses a severe environmental menace by contaminating the aquatic system and adversely impacting human health. Azo dyes are synthetic macromolecules, which are persistent, recalcitrant, and non-biodegradable. Several physicochemical technologies have been proposed for azo dye mitigation. Still, some limitations are observed, such as high operational cost and energy requirement, complicated procedures, incomplete mineralization, and secondary waste generation. Alternately, remediation by microbes is considered a clean, effective, and safe technology to detoxify azo dyes from wastewater. The biological treatment can exploit fungi, yeast, bacteria, and algae, which have received attentiveness because of their eco-friendliness. This review highlights the decolorization and degradation of dyes by various microbes, acting as biological tools against azo dyes. It also discusses the azo dye degradation mechanism and factors affecting the degradations. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd
Potable water production through a low-cost single chamber solar still in north India
(Springer, 2024) Vinay Mishra; Dhananjay Singh; Ram Sharan Singh; Deepak Singh; Eldon R. Rene; Balendu Shekher Giri; Sarthik Sharma; Anurag Mishra; Harishchandra Shukla
The main aim of this study is to evaluate the performance of a single slope solar still and to assess the effect of nanofluid on its performance. A single basin single slope solar still was designed and fabricated at the Department of Chemical Engineering, IET Lucknow. Its performance was assessed in terms of the yield of potable water. The effect of various climatic parameters was also studied. Al2O3 nanofluid was used to enhance the yield of the solar still. In the presence of nanofluid, the total yield of the solar still improved by 16.6%. Its economic feasibility was analyzed and reported. The portability of the small size of solar stills, its better economics, easy fabrication, and good performance make them very useful for industrial as well as household purposes. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024.
Seasonal variations in response of periphytic algal community to nutrient enrichment in the river Ganga (Varanasi, India)
(EDP Sciences, 2018) Arpana Yadav; Dhananjay Kumar; Ram Sharan Singh; Lalit K. Pandey; Jyoti Rai
Effect of nutrient enrichment on the growth of periphytic algae was studied deploying chemical diffusing substrates in the river Ganga at Varanasi, India. Results depicted seasonal and nutrient induced changes in the species composition of the periphytic algal community. The growth was primarily N-limited and showed secondary P-limitation. © 2018 EDP Sciences.
Size-segregated characteristics of bioaerosols during foggy and non-foggy days of winter, meteorological implications, and health risk assessment
(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2024) Yogesh Kumar Vishwakarma; Kirpa Ram; Mukunda Madhab Gogoi; Tirthankar Banerjee; Ram Sharan Singh
Fog is a common atmospheric event in northern India. Frequently, dense and prolonged fog envelops the entire Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP), especially in the winter season. During winter, conducive atmospheric conditions also facilitate the accumulation of airborne particulates near the earth surface, significantly reducing atmospheric visibility in the presence of water vapour and gases. Besides, fog formation can also change the characteristics of the biological component of the air (bioaerosols). The Anderson six-stage bioaerosol cascade impactor was therefore used to collect bioaerosols during winter-specific foggy and non-foggy days to assess how fog formation affects the loading and characteristic of bioaerosols. It has been found that the concentration of bioaerosols increases during foggy days (2223 ± 553 CFU m−3) compared to non-foggy days (days including both before and after fog; 1478 ± 490 CFU m−3). Nearly, a 50% rise in the total culturable microbe concentration was noted during foggy days as compared to non-foggy days in an urban habitat over the central IGP. Approximately 46% and 55% increase in bacterial and fungal bioaerosol concentration, respectively, was found to be associated with foggy days. The size of bioaerosols also varied with the change in atmospheric conditions. During foggy days, bacterial and fungal concentration increased in the coarse size fraction (4.7-7.0 μm) compared to fine (0.65-7.0 μm) particles. The presence of bacteria such as Bacillus; Enterobacter; Cocci and fungi such as Aspergillus, Cladosporium and Penicillium were found during foggy days. The measured concentration of bioaerosols did not exhibit strong association with meteorological variables and other atmospheric co-pollutants. Health risk assessment of the exposure to bioaerosols revealed strong possibility to cause adverse human health effects in the exposed population. © 2024 RSC.
System identification and design of inverted decoupling imc pid controller for non-minimum phase quadruple tank process
(Iranian Institute of Research and Development in Chemical Industries, 2021) Durga Prasad; Anupam Srivastav; Divyanshi Pandey; Mohammad Azad Khan; Munna Kumar; Ram Sharan Singh
A systematic analytical and experimental method of identification of Two Input Two Output (TITO) Quadruple-Tank Process (QTP), operated at non-minimum phase condition has been presented. Parameters of the process transfer function matrix have been validated on an experimental laboratory-scale physical setup of the process. Appropriate input-output pairing and interaction among control loops have been studied based on the Relative Gain Array (RGA) analysis. Inverted Decoupling Internal Model Control (IMC) based Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller has been designed for the TITO process. The effect of changes in controller tuning parameters on the closed-loop response for servo problem has been reported in terms of quantitative performance indices such as Integral of Square of Error (ISE), Integral of Absolute Error (IAE), percentage overshoot and offset. The simulation results have been compared with the literature. © 2021, Iranian Institute of Research and Development in Chemical Industries. All rights reserved.