Browsing by Author "Ramesh Kumar Singh"

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Agronomic interventions for drought management in crops
(Springer Singapore, 2020) Vishal Tyagi; Mona Nagargade; Ramesh Kumar Singh
Water stress is considered a worldwide problem and is one of the most and major disastrous abiotic stresses. India is the most vulnerable country for water stress because of population growth, changing demography, and land use change. Fast changing climate is further aggravating this problem by affecting rainfall and water-use pattern, groundwater availability, and runoff; thus, deficit in rainfall is the major cause of drought. Drought has its wider impact on all sectors, but agriculture is the most affected one because Indian agriculture still depends largely upon monsoon rainfall, and about 68% of cropped area in India is vulnerable to drought. Drought affects crop plants by hampering its growth and development. Drought stress reduces yield of crops by affecting germination, seedling growth, several physiological processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, assimilate transport, water relation, and nutrient uptake. To overcome the problem of drought, there is a need of interdisciplinary approach, i.e. agronomy, plant breeding, plant physiology, plant biotechnology, water engineering, and others, to develop new approaches in water use. Agronomic approaches such as mulching, conservation tillage, intercropping, early sowing, selection of crops and their varieties, and micro irrigation are technically feasible and economically viable options to overcome drought problem in crops. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020. All rights reserved.
Biochemical and Molecular Evaluation of Rhizobium spp. and its Growth Promotion Studies with Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik. L.)
(Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology, 2023) Umakant Banjare; Arun Kumar Patel; Ashish Kumar Pandey; Santosh Kumar; Ramesh Kumar Singh; Prahlad Masurkar; Rakesh Kumar Singh; Sandeep Kumar Gupta
Growth promoting Rhizobium spp are frequently used as biofertilizers for agricultural cropping system. Furthermore, Isolation, screening and biochemical characterization of Rhizobium for a specific plant is necessary to examine ability of isolated bacteria to affect the growth and development of host plant in various ways. The current study was aimed to isolate plant specific rhizobacterial strains which are compatible with lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.L.) plant. 20 bacterial isolates have been isolated from root nodules of lentil from various agro ecological area and their biochemical characterization was performed by different plant growth promotion activities. The result showed that, among 20 isolates, four isolates have vigorous plant growth promoting activities. Four bacterial strains were able to solubilise phosphorous along with hormone production. Moreover, among four bacterial strains, two strongly produced HCN and siderophore in vitro. Subsequently, all selected bacterial isolates were inoculated in lentil seeds of variety HUL57 to study germination percentage and vigour index of the crop. Out of four isolates 26N isolate performed best growth promotion activities on lentil seedlings. Finally, on the basis of performance of bacteria on plant, four isolates were characterized using molecular approach of species identification such as 16S rRNA sequencing. © The Author(s) 2023.
Development of an integrated approach for managing root-knot disease on chili {Capsicum annum L) under field conditions
(2012) Satyandra Singh; Ramesh Kumar Singh
A 2-year field study was conducted to develop a field application method using eco-friendly means for controlling root-knot disease of chili. The test sites at the Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi, UP, India were heavily infested (up to 5.2 juveniles g -11 soil) with root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita. As a pretreatment, three deep summer ploughing at 15 days interval caused a reduction of 53.8% of the initial population levels of M. incognita. The integration of soil amendment (neem cake at 20 t ha -1), seed treatment (6 g kg -1 seed) and/or soil application with a talc preparation of fungal biological control agents (Pochonia chlamydosporia (2x10 7cfu g -1) at 12 kg ha -1 and Trichoderma viride (2.8x10 6cfu g -1) at 12 kg ha -1 were tested. Neem cake was applied 10 days prior to sowing seeds in nursery beds and/or application of biological control agents to the main field as and when required as per experimental layout. Application of any of the tested components significantly reduced the incidence of root-knot disease in both years compared with the controls. Combined applications of any two components caused better recovery in plant health compared with individual treatments and/or controls. The best protection of disease, in terms of reduction in number of galls (58%) and reproductive factor (P f/P i (R) = 0.3), was achieved through integration of neem cake, P. chlamydosporia and T. viride (reduced half dose). It also enhanced marketable chili yield by up to 54%. Re-isolation of both fungi at harvest showed that they were successfully established in the rhizosphere of chili plants up to the termination of experiment.
Effect of mulch and irrigation levels on yield and quality of barley (hardeum vulgare l.)
(Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology, 2016) Kiran Hingonia; Ramesh Kumar Singh; Ram Narayan Meena; H.P. Vermal; Rajendra Prasad Meena
field study was carried out at the Banaras Hindu University's Agricultural Research Farm during the rabi (dry) seasons of 2013-14 in a Randomized block design (RBD) with three replications, consisting of 9 treatments, namely, T1-(6 t/ha mulching + No irrigation), T2 (6 t/ha mulching + One irrigation at 35 DAS), T3-(6 t/ha mulching + Two irrigation at 35 DAS & 85 DAS), T4 (4 t/ha mulching + No irrigation), T5 (4 t/ha mulching + One irrigation at 35 DAS), T6 (4 t/ha mulching + Two irrigation at 35 DAS & 85 DAS), T7 (No mulching + No irrigation), T8 (No mulching + One irrigation at 35 DAS) and T9 (No mulching + Two irrigation at 35 DAS & 85 DAS). The research results indicated that amongst different mulching and irrigation levels, the treatment T3 recorded expressively higher grain yield, straw yield, quality parameters and nutrient uptake. This in turn resulted in significant improvement in grain, straw yield, biological yield and nutrient uptake in T3 over remaining mulching and irrigation levels.
Effect of salt stress (NaCl) on some morpho-physiologicalproperties of maize (Zeamaysl.)
(Plant Archives, 2019) Norang Pal Singh; Arun Kumar Patel; Umakant Banjare; Ramesh Kumar Singh
The lower crop productivity in most of the cases is attributed to various abiotic stresses. Salt stress is one of the abiotic stresses in worldwide that inhibit the crop’s growth and productivity which is going to increasing day by day. To keep this problem in mind the present study was carried out to see the impact of salt stress on some morpho-physiological and biochemical characteristics in 4 maize inbred lines (2012-13R # 838 HUZM-88, 2012-13R # 839 HUZM-147, 2012-13R 841 # HUZM-242 and 2012-13R # HUZM-386). The maize seedlings were transplanted to plastic pots contained sterilized sandy soil that continuously aerated full-strength Hoagland nutrient solution. Salt stress was applied to the plants at four levels (0, 4, 8 and 12 dS m-1) from source sodium chloride (NaCl). The plants were harvested for experimental analysis after 30 days of treatment. Results indicated that salt stress significantly decreased shoot, root length, fresh and dry weight, leaf area, anthocyanin and chlorophyll content and relative water content (RWC) of maize plants. © 2019 Plant Archives. All rights reserved.
Isolation of low temperature surviving plant growth - promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) from pea (Pisum sativum L.) and documentation of their plant growth promoting traits
(Elsevier Ltd, 2015) Rajesh Kumar Meena; Ramesh Kumar Singh; Norang Pal Singh; Sunita Kumari Meena; Vijay Singh Meena
In the present investigation, four low temperature surviving PGPR strains were isolated from root nodules of pea (Pisum sativum L.) plant growing widely in different agro-climatic regions of the great northern Indian plains made fertile by the mighty river Ganges. All the PGPR strains were able to show growth at upto 5. °C in yeast extract-mannitol-mineral salts broth, but isolates PR-12-12 and PR-12-15 showing significantly higher cell growth as compared to other PGPR strains. In order to study their in-vitro characteristics, all PGPR strains are able to solubilize phosphate (Pi) on Pikovskaya agar plates ranging from 16-25. mm (7 DAI). Besides solubilizing Pi they produced phytohormone indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in the range of 62.7-198.1. μg/ml. These PGPR strains exhibited highest resistance to DNA gyrase inhibitor antibiotic nalidixic acid and least resistance to ciprofloxacin. The results strongly suggest that the PGPR strains characterized under present investigation may be useful as a novel biofertilizers for crop production at low temperature of the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) of India. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd.
Soybean crop intensification for sustainable aboveground-underground plant–soil interactions
(Frontiers Media SA, 2023) Ramesh Kumar Singh; Pravin Kumar Upadhyay; Shiva Dhar; G.A. Rajanna; Vinod Kumar Singh; Rakesh Kumar; Rajiv Kumar Singh; Subhash Babu; Sanjay Singh Rathore; Kapila Shekhawat; Anchal Dass; Amit Kumar; Gaurendra Gupta; Gaurav Shukla; Sudhir Rajpoot; Ved Prakash; Bipin Kumar; Vinod Kumar Sharma; Sharmistha Barthakur
The major challenge of growing soybean, other than unfavorable weather and small farm size, is the non-availability of quality inputs at the right time. Furthermore, in soybean growing regions, crop productivity and soil environment have deteriorated due to the use of traditional varieties and conventional methods of production. Soybean crop intensification or system of crop intensification in soybean (SCI) is an agricultural production system that boosts soybean yields, improves the soil environment, and maximizes the efficiency of input utilization, although the contribution of SCI to crop productivity is not well understood as different genotypes of soybean exhibit different physiological responses. Therefore, a field study was conducted in 2014–2015 and 2015–2016 using three crop establishment methods (SCI at a 45 cm × 45 cm row spacing, SCI at 30 cm × 30 cm, and a conventional method at 45 cm × 10 cm) assisted in vertical strips with four genotypes (Pusa 9,712, PS 1347, DS 12–13, and DS 12–5) using a strip-plot design with three replications. Compared with standard methods of cultivation, the adoption of SCI at 45 cm × 45 cm resulted in a significantly higher stomatal conductance (0.211 mol H2O m−2 s−1), transpiration rate (7.8 mmol H2O m−2 s−1), and net photosynthetic rate (398 mol CO2 m−2 s−1). The implementation of an SCI at 30 cm × 30 cm had significantly greater intercepted photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) (1,249 mol m−2 s−1) than the conventional method system, increasing crop yield from 9.6 to 13.3% and biomass yield from 8.2 to 10.7%. In addition, under an SCI at 30 cm × 30 cm, there were more nodules, significantly larger root volume and surface density, and increased NPK uptake compared with the other methods. Significantly greater soil dehydrogenase activity, alkaline phosphatase activity, acetylene-reducing assay, total polysaccharides, microbial biomass carbon, and soil chlorophyll were found with SCI at 45 cm × 45 cm (13.63 g TPF g−1 soil hr.−1, 93.2 g p-nitro phenol g−1 soil hr.−1, 25.5 n moles ethylene g−1 soil hr.−1, 443.7 mg kg−1 soil, 216.5 mg kg−1 soil, and 0.43 mg g−1 soil, respectively). Therefore, the adoption of an SCI at 30 cm × 30 cm and/or 45 cm × 45 cm could provide the best environment for microbial activities and overall soil health, as well as the sustainable productivity of soybean aboveground. Copyright © 2023 Singh, Dhar, Upadhyay, Rajanna, Singh, Kumar, Singh, Babu, Rathore, Shekhawat, Dass, Kumar, Gupta, Shukla, Rajpoot, Prakash, Kumar, Sharma and Barthakur.
Studies on endophytic colonization ability of two upland rice endophytes, rhizobium sp. and burkholderia sp., using green fluorescent protein reporter
(2009) Manoj Kumar Singh; Chanda Kushwaha; Ramesh Kumar Singh
Colonization ability of the two endophytic bacteria, isolated from surface sterilized roots of upland cultivated rice viz., Rhizobium sp. and Burkholderia sp., was compared after genetically tagging them with a constitutively expressing green fluorescent protein gene (gfp/gusA). Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) of gnotobiotically grown seedlings of Narendradhan 97, inoculated with gfp/gusA-tagged endophytes, revealed that both Rhizobium sp. and Burkholderia sp. colonized the intercellular spaces in the root cortex when inoculated separately. Colonization by gfp/gusA-tagged Rhizobium sp. was severely inhibited when co-inoculated with an equal number (106 cfu ml-1) of wild type Burkholderia sp. Burkholderia sp. was a more aggressive endophytic colonizer of rice than Rhizobium sp. The potential of using gfp/gusA reporter and CLSM as tools in evaluating competitive ability of colonization among endophytes is demonstrated in this study. © 2009 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.
System of wheat intensification (SWI): Effects on lodging resistance, photosynthetic efficiency, soil biomes, and water productivity
(Public Library of Science, 2024) Ramesh Kumar Singh; Pravin Kumar Upadhyay; Shiva Dhar; G.A. Rajanna; Vinod Kumar Singh; Rakesh Kumar; Rajiv Kumar Singh; Kapila Shekhawat; Sanjay Singh Rathore; Anchal Dass; Amit Kumar; Gaurendra Gupta; Sudhir Rajpoot; Ved Prakash; Sayantika Sarkar; Navin Kumar Sharma; Satyam Rawat; Satendra Singh
Intense cultivation with narrow row spacing in wheat, a common practice in the Indo-Gangetic plains of South Asia, renders the crop more susceptible to lodging during physiological maturity. This susceptibility, compounded by the use of traditional crop cultivars, has led to a substantial decline in overall crop productivity. In response to these challenges, a two-year field study on the system of wheat intensification (SWI) was conducted. The study involved three different cultivation methods in horizontal plots and four wheat genotypes in vertical plots, organized in a strip plot design. Our results exhibited that adoption of SWI at 20 cm × 20 cm resulted in significantly higher intercellular CO2 concentration (5.9-6.3%), transpiration rate (13.2-15.8%), stomatal conductance (55-59%), net photosynthetic rate (126- 160%), and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) interception (1.6-25.2%) over the existing conventional method (plant geometry 22.5 cm × continuous plant to plant spacing) of wheat cultivation. The lodging resistance capacity of both the lower and upper 3rd nodes was significantly higher in the SWI compared to other cultivation methods. Among different genotypes, HD 2967 demonstrated the highest recorded value for lodging resistance capacity, followed by HD 2851, HD 3086, and HD 2894. In addition, adoption of the SWI at 20 cm × 20 cm enhanced crop grain yield by 36.9-41.6%, and biological yield by 27.5-29.8%. Significantly higher soil dehydrogenase activity (12.06 μg TPF g-1 soil hr-1), arylsulfatase activity (82.8 μg p-nitro phenol g-1 soil hr-1), alkaline phosphatase activity (3.11 n moles ethylene g-1 soil hr-1), total polysaccharides, soil microbial biomass carbon, and soil chlorophyll content were also noted under SWI over conventional method of the production. Further, increased root volumes, surface root density and higher NPK uptake were recorded under SWI at 20×20 cm in comparison to rest of the treatments. Among the tested wheat genotypes, HD-2967 and HD-3086 had demonstrated notable increases in grain and biological yields, as well as improvements in the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and chlorophyll content. Therefore, adoption of SWI at 20 cm ×20 cm (square planting) with cultivars HD 2967 might be the best strategy for enhancing crop productivity and resource-use efficiency under the similar wheat growing conditions of India and similar agro-ecotypes of the globe. © 2024 Singh et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
temperature tolerant rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae strains with plant growth promotion traits
(Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology, 2020) Arun Kumar Patel; Umakant Banjare; Ajjo Kumari; Ramesh Kumar Singh; Kapil Deo Pandey
Rhizobacteria (PGPR) that promote the plant growth are essential component of sustainable agriculture. Pea (Pisum sativum l.) root nodule Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae ten strains were cultured at two different temperatures (28°C and 45°C). Out of eight strains screened the three N25, N30 and N40 were temperature tolerant while only one strain (N40) showed tolerance to pH11. The growth of Rhizobium strain N40 at 45 °C was 96.8 percent as compared to the growth of the at 28°C. The temperature tolerant strain N40 produced maximum IAA and solubilized insoluble tri calcium phosphate compared to other strains and thus can be used microbial inoculant in biofertilizer technology. © The Author(s) 2020.