Browsing by Author "Rana P. Singh"

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A study on the effect of cadmium on the antioxidative defense system and alteration in different functional groups in castor bean and indian mustard
(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2015) Kuldeep Bauddh; Amit Kumar; Sudhakar Srivastava; Rana P. Singh; R.D. Tripathi
The present study was planned to delineate the role of antioxidants and different functional groups of Ricinus communis and Brassica juncea in the tolerance mechanisms toward cadmium (Cd) for phytoremediation. Application of Cd caused a reduction in dry biomass of 53.84% and 26.58% in root and 45.33% and 33.84% in shoots of B. juncea and R. communis, respectively. Antioxidant enzymes, namely superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glutathione-S-transferase, and metabolites (proline) increased in both the species due to Cd exposure. The metal caused substantial changes in the functional groups present in the roots and leaves of the plants. A number of new peaks appeared in the Cd-treated plants, which indicate the production of the compounds responsible for the metal tolerance of these plants. R. communis has been found to possess a good antioxidant defense system against Cd stress and may be used for the phytoremediation of metal-contaminated soils in place of edible crops, which enhance the risk of contaminating the food chain. It has been observed that R. communis accumulated 213.39 and 335.68 mg Cd in roots and shoots, respectively, whereas B. juncea accumulated 28.19 and 310.15 mg Cd in the roots and shoots, respectively. © 2015 Taylor & Francis.
Anticancer Attributes of Silibinin: Chemo- and Radiosensitization of Cancer
(Elsevier, 2017) Arpit Dheeraj; Dhanir Tailor; Surya P. Singh; Rana P. Singh
Silymarin, a flavolignan from dried fruit of the milk thistle (Silybum marianum) plant, is used as an ancient medicinal plant for protection against various liver disorders. The role of silymarin and its active constituents, mainly silibinin, has been extensively explored and established in the chemopreventive efficacy against different cancers including prostate, lung, stomach, colon, skin, pancreas, and bladder cancer. Its efficacy is accomplished through growth inhibition; cell-cycle arrest through modulation of cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases, and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors; induction of apoptotic cell death; modulation of mitogenic and survival signaling involving MAPK, Akt, EGFR, STAT, NF-κB, and TGF-beta; inhibition of angiogenesis through downregulation of VEGF, iNOS, eNOS, CD31, and HIF-1alpha; reversal of epithelial-mesenchymal transition; and inhibition of invasion and migration. Silibinin, a major constituent of silymarin, has been proved as potential inhibitor of tumor progression and metastasis in preclinical animal models. Silibinin has strong potential as a chemosensitizer and has shown improved efficacy of several chemotherapeutic agents in the treatment and management of cancer with reduced toxicity. The development of resistance to these conventional therapies through induction of prosurvival and mitogenic signaling is reversed by silibinin when combined with chemo- and radiotherapies even at very low doses. Overall, silibinin targets multistep of the carcinogenesis process and improves the therapeutic effects of chemotherapeutic and radiation treatment regimens against cancer with reduced side effects. © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Genetically engineered bacteria: An emerging tool for environmental remediation and future research perspectives
(2011) Jay Shankar Singh; P.C. Abhilash; H.B. Singh; Rana P. Singh; D.P. Singh
This minireview explores the environmental bioremediation mediated by genetically engineered (GE) bacteria and it also highlights the limitations and challenges associated with the release of engineered bacteria in field conditions. Application of GE bacteria based remediation of various heavy metal pollutants is in the forefront due to eco-friendly and lesser health hazards compared to physico-chemical based strategies, which are less eco-friendly and hazardous to human health. A combination of microbiological and ecological knowledge, biochemical mechanisms and field engineering designs would be an essential element for successful in situ bioremediation of heavy metal contaminated sites using engineered bacteria. Critical research questions pertaining to the development and implementation of GE bacteria for enhanced bioremediation have been identified and poised for possible future research. Genetic engineering of indigenous microflora, well adapted to local environmental conditions, may offer more efficient bioremediation of contaminated sites and making the bioremediation more viable and eco-friendly technology. However, many challenges are to be addressed concerning the release of genetically engineered bacteria in field conditions. There are possible risks associated with the use of GE bacteria in field condition, with particular emphasis on ways in which molecular genetics could contribute to the risk mitigation. Both environmental as well as public health concerns need to be addressed by the molecular biologists. Although bioremediation of heavy metals by using the genetically engineered bacteria has been extensively reviewed in the past also, but the bio-safety assessment and factors of genetic pollution have been never the less ignored. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.
Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Carica papaya Leaf Extract (AgNPs-PLE) Causes Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in Human Prostate (DU145) Cancer Cells
(Humana Press Inc., 2021) Surya P. Singh; Abhijeet Mishra; Ritis K. Shyanti; Rana P. Singh; Arbind Acharya
Treatment of cancer has been limited by the poor efficacy and toxicity profiles of available drugs. There is a growing demand to develop alternative approaches to combat cancer such as use of nano-formulation-based drugs. Here, we report biosynthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with papaya leaf extract (PLE) and its anti-cancer properties against different human cancer cells. Purified nanoparticles were characterized by standard techniques, such as TEM, STM, SEM, EDS, XRD, and FTIR. Furthermore, cytotoxic activity of AgNPs-PLE was carried out against different human cancer cells and non-tumorigenic human keratinocytes cells. AgNPs-PLE when compared with AgNPs-citric acid or PLE showed better efficacy against cancer cells and was also relatively less toxic to normal cells. Treatment of DU145 cells with AgNPs-PLE (0.5–5.0 μg/ml) for 24–48 h lowered total cell number by 24–36% (P < 0.05). Inhibition of cell growth was linked with arrest of cell cycle at G2/M phase at 24 h, while G1 and G2/M phase arrests at 48 h. ROS production was observed at earlier time points in presence of AgNPs-PLE, suggesting its role behind apoptosis in DU145 cells. Induction of apoptosis (57%) was revealed by AO/EB staining in DU145 cells along with induction of Bax, cleaved caspase-3, and cleaved PARP proteins. G1-S phase cell cycle check point marker, cyclin D1 was down-regulated along with an increase in cip1/p21 and kip1/p27 tumor suppressor proteins by AgNPs-PLE. These findings suggest the anti-cancer properties of AgNPs-PLE. © 2020, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
Therapeutic application of Carica papaya leaf extract in the management of human diseases
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2020) Surya P. Singh; Sanjay Kumar; Sivapar V. Mathan; Munendra Singh Tomar; Rishi Kant Singh; Praveen Kumar Verma; Amit Kumar; Sandeep Kumar; Rana P. Singh; Arbind Acharya
Introduction: Papaya (Carica papaya Linn.) belongs to the family Caricaceae and is well known for its therapeutic and nutritional properties all over the world. The different parts of the papaya plant have been used since ancient times for its therapeutic applications. Herein, we aimed to review the anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic and antiviral activities of papaya leaf. Methods: All information presented in this review article regarding the therapeutic application of Carica papaya leaf extract has been acquired by approaching various electronic databases, including Scopus, Google scholar, Web of science, and PubMed. The keywords Carica papaya, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and phytochemicals were explored until December 2019. Results: The papaya plant, including fruit, leaf, seed, bark, latex, and their ingredients play a major role in the management of disease progression. Carica papaya leaf contains active components such as alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, saponins, and flavonoids, which are responsible for its medicinal activity. Additionally, the leaf juice of papaya increases the platelet counts in people suffering from dengue fever. Conclusion: The major findings revealed that papaya leaf extract has strong medicinal properties such as antibacterial, antiviral, antitumor, hypoglycaemic and anti-inflammatory activity. Furthermore, clinical trials are needed to explore the medicative potential of papaya leaf. [Figure not available: see fulltext.]. © 2020, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.