Browsing by Author "Ratna Prabha"

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Abiotic stress responses and microbe-mediated mitigation in plants: The omics strategies
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2017) Kamlesh K. Meena; Ajay M. Sorty; Utkarsh M. Bitla; Khushboo Choudhary; Priyanka Gupta; Ashwani Pareek; Dhananjaya P. Singh; Ratna Prabha; Pramod K. Sahu; Vijai K. Gupta; Harikesh B. Singh; Kishor K. Krishanani; Paramjit S. Minhas
Abiotic stresses are the foremost limiting factors for agricultural productivity. Crop plants need to cope up adverse external pressure created by environmental and edaphic conditions with their intrinsic biological mechanisms, failing which their growth, development, and productivity suffer. Microorganisms, the most natural inhabitants of diverse environments exhibit enormous metabolic capabilities to mitigate abiotic stresses. Since microbial interactions with plants are an integral part of the living ecosystem, they are believed to be the natural partners that modulate local and systemic mechanisms in plants to offer defense under adverse external conditions. Plant– microbe interactions comprise complex mechanisms within the plant cellular system. Biochemical, molecular and physiological studies are paving the way in understanding the complex but integrated cellular processes. Under the continuous pressure of increasing climatic alterations, it now becomes more imperative to define and interpret plant–microbe relationships in terms of protection against abiotic stresses. At the same time, it also becomes essential to generate deeper insights into the stress-mitigating mechanisms in crop plants for their translation in higher productivity. Multi-omics approaches comprising genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics and phenomics integrate studies on the interaction of plants with microbes and their external environment and generate multi-layered information that can answer what is happening in real-time within the cells. Integration, analysis and decipherization of the big-data can lead to a massive outcome that has significant chance for implementation in the fields. This review summarizes abiotic stresses responses in plants in-terms of biochemical and molecular mechanisms followed by the microbe-mediated stress mitigation phenomenon. We describe the role of multi-omics approaches in generating multi-pronged information to provide a better understanding of plant–microbe interactions that modulate cellular mechanisms in plants under extreme external conditions and help to optimize abiotic stresses. Vigilant amalgamation of these high-throughput approaches supports a higher level of knowledge generation about root-level mechanisms involved in the alleviation of abiotic stresses in organisms. © 2017 Meena, Sorty, Bitla, Choudhary, Gupta, Pareek, Singh, Prabha, Sahu, Gupta, Singh, Krishanani and Minhas.
Co-inoculation of Dactylaria brochopaga and Monacrosporium eudermatum affects disease dynamics and biochemical responses in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) to enhance bio-protection against Meloidogyne incognita
(2012) Udai B. Singh; Asha Sahu; Nisha Sahu; R.K. Singh; Renu; Ratna Prabha; D.P. Singh; B.K. Sarma; M.C. Manna
The nematode trapping ability of nematophagous fungi Dactylaria brochopaga and Monacrosporium eudermatum to colonize tomato root and parasitize and kill root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita was evaluated, along with the capability of the fungi to induce the accumulation of defence-related biomolecules in tomato plants under the greenhouse and field conditions. Co-inoculation of D. brochopaga Dp-5 and M. eudermatum Mv-1 significantly reduced root-knot disease in tomato (89.63%) and increased the accumulation of total chlorophyll (125.34, 140.53 and 152.67 mg g -1 fresh wt.), total phenolic compounds (TPC) (37.40, 48.32 and 59.63 μg of gallic acid equivalent), and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) activity (58.45, 69.05 and 74.57 mM cinnamic acid h -1 g -1 fresh wt.) after 10, 20 and 30 days of inoculation, respectively, in the greenhouse. However, in the field experiments, the total chlorophyll content in leaves of M. incognita infected tomato plants co-inoculated with D. brochopaga Dp-5 and M. eudermatum Mv-1 (152.70 mg g -1 fresh wt.) was higher than the plants treated with D. brochopaga Dp-5 or M. eudermatum Mv-1 individually (130.87 and 144.73 mg g -1 fresh wt., respectively) and M. incognita treated plants (19.47 mg g -1 fresh wt.). TPC and PAL activity were found to be higher in tomato leaves co-inoculated with D. brochopaga Dp-5 and M. eudermatum Mv-1 (62.90 μg of gallic acid equivalent and 79.33 mM cinnamic acid h -1 g -1 fresh wt., respectively) than the plants treated with D. brochopaga Dp-5 or M. eudermatum Mv-1 individually, whereas in M. incognita inoculated and control plants, the induction of these two compounds was found to be very low after 30 days of inoculation. The results of this study showed that these fungi reduced root-knot disease and enhanced accumulation of defence related biomolecules in tomato plants and has potential to serve as a biocontrol agents against root-knot nematodes. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.
Connecting microbial capabilities with the soil and plant health: Options for agricultural sustainability
(Elsevier B.V., 2019) Pramod K. Sahu; Dhananjaya P. Singh; Ratna Prabha; Kamlesh K. Meena; P.C. Abhilash
Microorganisms are the key players in every agro-ecosystem. They are the natural inhabitants of all the soil and plant systems, in which they represent dominant presence in terms of their vast diversity and multipronged functional capabilities. Multifarious physical, chemical and biological factors usually represent good soil fertility status as a guaranty of sustainable agro-ecology, plant health and crop productivity. Since healthy soils are largely characterized by their profound biological and chemical behavior, microbial functionalities related to nutrient fixation, recycling, acquisition, sequestration, solubilization, mobilization, decomposition, degradation and remediation may act as definitive indicators. Functional capabilities of microbial communities associated with soils and plant parts have been critically identified and characterized in the past few decades. Application of individual microbes or their consortia in many crops established their role in finding out a supplement and/or substitute in the existing agricultural practices which are largely dependent on synthetic chemical inputs in present time. We are presenting here a detailed account of microbial community functions, their relation with the soil and plant health and the potential indicative roles they play to establish a sustainable soil ecological environment for supporting crop growth, development and yield in long term. © 2018
Isolation and screening of high salinity tolerant Trichoderma spp. with plant growth property and antagonistic activity against various soilborne phytopathogens
(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2019) Vivek Singh; Chetan Keswani; Shatrupa Ray; Ram Sanmukh Upadhyay; Dhananjaya P. Singh; Ratna Prabha; Birinchi Kumar Sarma; Harikesh Bahadur Singh
Trichodrema is considered to be the most beneficial fungal genus for protecting crops in organic systems. The present study focuses on isolation, screening and identification of salinity tolerant Trichoderma isolates from eastern Uttar Pradesh, India. Among all the Trichoderma isolates, BHUT6 and BHUT8 were highly salt tolerant under in vitro condition and showed good growth up to 1400 mM NaCl concentration. The highest salinity tolerant Trichoderma BHUT8 isolate was selected for further study. This isolate was identified as Trichoderma asperellum (accession number KU533735). T. asperellum BHUT8 also possessed temperature tolerance showing good growth up to 38 °C. The BHUT8 isolate also showed biocontrol potential against major soilborne phytopathogens namely Scletotium rolfsii, Fusarium oxysporum, Colletotrichum capsici, Rhizoctonia bataticola, and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in dual culture assay. Amylolytic, proteolytic and chitinolytic activities of BHUT8 were also high, and produced IAA, HCN, siderophore and solubilised phosphate. © 2019, © 2019 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
Metabolic reprogramming of tomato plants under Ralstonia solanacearum infection
(Elsevier B.V., 2025) Dhananjaya Pratap Singh; Raman Ramesh; Sudarshan Maurya; Suresh Reddy Yerasu; R. Gangaraj; Lovkush Satnami; Ratna Prabha; Renu; Birinchi Kumar Sarma; Nagendra Pal Rai
Comprehensive metabolomic investigation of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) cultivar Hawaii 7998 and variety Kashi Adarsh was performed to establish metabolic basis of resistance and susceptibility against bacterial wilt pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum. Using LC-MS/MS-based untargeted metabolomics, leaf samples were analyzed at 5 and 10-day post-inoculation, revealing significant metabolic distinctions between the plants. The resistant cultivar Hawaii 7998 demonstrated remarkably lower disease incidence (15.19%) compared to the susceptible variety (86.81%) underpinned by distinct metabolic profiles. Our analysis annotated metabolites across different treatment groups, with significant differential regulation in pathways related to phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, and primary metabolism. Hawaii 7998 exhibited higher constitutive levels of defense-related compounds and mounted more robust metabolic responses against the pathogen. The resistant cultivar Hawaii 7998 under non-treated condition showed enhanced accumulation of total phenolic content (32.81 and 35.17 mg GAE g-1 at 5 and 10DAI respectively) compared to susceptible plants. High antioxidant activities in terms of DPPH (43.52 and 47.19% in non-inoculated and 56.74 and 66.75% in pathogen inoculated condition at 5 and 10DAI respectively) and ABTS (44.36 and 48.06% in control and 58.24 and 64.05% in treated plants) were observed in Hawaii 7998, which was significantly high as compared to Kashi Adarsh. Network analysis showed complex interactions between metabolic pathways, highlighting key regulatory nodes in disease resistance, including carotenoid biosynthesis, trehalose metabolism, and phenylpropanoid pathways. Annotation of biomarker metabolites that included solasodine, biotin, uridine, phosphatidylcholine, asparagine, coumaryl alcohol and linolenic acid revealed cultivar-specific and pathogen interaction specific biomarkers in tomato. These findings are particularly significant in the uncovering the molecular mechanisms of plant-pathogen interaction and offer crucial insights for developing bacterial wilt-resistant tomato varieties, thereby contributing to food security. © 2025
Metabolomics of early blight (Alternaria solani) susceptible tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) unfolds key biomarker metabolites and involved metabolic pathways
(Nature Research, 2023) Dhananjaya Pratap Singh; Sudarshan Maurya; Suresh Reddy Yerasu; Mansi Singh Bisen; Mohamed A. Farag; Ratna Prabha; Renu Shukla; Krishna Kumar Chaturvedi; Md. Samir Farooqi; Sudhir Srivastava; Anil Rai; Birinchi Kumar Sarma; Nagendra Rai; Tusar Kanti Behera
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is among the most important commercial horticultural crops worldwide. The crop quality and production is largely hampered due to the fungal pathogen Alternaria solani causing necrotrophic foliage early blight disease. Crop plants usually respond to the biotic challenges with altered metabolic composition and physiological perturbations. We have deciphered altered metabolite composition, modulated metabolic pathways and identified metabolite biomarkers in A. solani-challenged susceptible tomato variety Kashi Aman using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC–MS) based metabolomics. Alteration in the metabolite feature composition of pathogen-challenged (m/z 9405) and non-challenged (m/z 9667) plant leaves including 8487 infection-exclusive and 8742 non-infection exclusive features was observed. Functional annotation revealed putatively annotated metabolites and pathway mapping indicated their enrichment in metabolic pathways, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, ubiquinone and terpenoid-quinones, brassinosteroids, steroids, terpenoids, phenylpropanoids, carotenoids, oxy/sphingolipids and metabolism of biotin and porphyrin. PCA, multivariate PLS-DA and OPLS-DA analysis showed sample discrimination. Significantly up regulated 481 and down regulated 548 metabolite features were identified based on the fold change (threshold ≥ 2.0). OPLS-DA model based on variable importance in projection (VIP scores) and FC threshold (> 2.0) revealed 41 up regulated discriminant metabolite features annotated as sphingosine, fecosterol, melatonin, serotonin, glucose 6-phosphate, zeatin, dihydrozeatin and zeatin-β-d-glucoside. Similarly, 23 down regulated discriminant metabolites included histidinol, 4-aminobutyraldehyde, propanoate, tyramine and linalool. Melatonin and serotonin in the leaves were the two indoleamines being reported for the first time in tomato in response to the early blight pathogen. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC)-based biomarker analysis identified apigenin-7-glucoside, uridine, adenosyl-homocysteine, cGMP, tyrosine, pantothenic acid, riboflavin (as up regulated) and adenosine, homocyctine and azmaline (as down regulated) biomarkers. These results could aid in the development of metabolite-quantitative trait loci (mQTL). Furthermore, stress-induced biosynthetic pathways may be the potential targets for modifications through breeding programs or genetic engineering for improving crop performance in the fields. © 2023, The Author(s).
Metabolomics Unveiled Metabolic Reprogramming in Tomato Due to Beneficial (Bacillus subtilis) and Pathogenic (Alternaria solani) Tripartite Interaction
(Springer, 2025) Dhananjaya Pratap Singh; Sudarshan Maurya; Suresh Reddy Yerasu; Lovkush Satnami; Nagendra Pal Rai; Ratna Prabha; Renu; Birinchi Kumar Sarma; Tusar Kanti Behera
The interaction between beneficial microbes and pathogens in crop plants can lead to complex metabolic reprogramming. Our study employed LC–MS/MS-based untargeted metabolomics approach to elucidate the metabolic changes in tomato plants induced due to the inoculation of plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium Bacillus subtilis (BV4) and the pathogen Alternaria solani. Multivariate analyses (MVA) revealed distinct metabolic signatures associated with BV4 inoculation, pathogen infection, and their combined treatment. We observed that plant’s inoculation with beneficial microbe BV4 induced up-regulation of metabolites involved in constitutive metabolism, like glycolysis, TCA cycle, amino acid metabolism, and lipid metabolism, potentially supporting plant growth. Pathogen infection majorly triggered up-regulation of specialized metabolites, such as phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and oxylipins, suggesting enhanced defense responses. The combined treatment however, exhibited a synergistic effect, with up-regulation of metabolites involved in both constitutive and specialized metabolism, suggesting a primed state for defense responses. Galactose metabolism emerged as the most enriched pathway across all treatments indicating its importance in plant defense through cell wall reinforcement, signaling and antimicrobial specialized metabolite production. ROC-based biomarker analysis putatively identified metabolites, including quercetin, salvigenin, delfinidin-3-O-glucoside, and asparagine, as potential biomarkers for distinguishing various treatment conditions. This study provides insights into the metabolic reprogramming in tomato plants in response to beneficial microbe-pathogen interactions and highlights the potential of untargeted metabolomics in elucidating complex plant-microbe interactions. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.
Metabolomics Unveiled Metabolic Reprogramming in Tomato Due to Beneficial (Bacillus subtilis) and Pathogenic (Alternaria solani) Tripartite Interaction
(Springer, 2024) Dhananjaya Pratap Singh; Sudarshan Maurya; Suresh Reddy Yerasu; Lovkush Satnami; Nagendra Rai; Ratna Prabha; Renu; Birinchi Kumar Sarma; Tusar Kanti Behera
The interaction between beneficial microbes and pathogens in crop plants can lead to complex metabolic reprogramming. Our study employed LC–MS/MS-based untargeted metabolomics approach to elucidate the metabolic changes in tomato plants induced due to the inoculation of plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium Bacillus subtilis (BV4) and the pathogen Alternaria solani. Multivariate analyses (MVA) revealed distinct metabolic signatures associated with BV4 inoculation, pathogen infection, and their combined treatment. We observed that plant’s inoculation with beneficial microbe BV4 induced up-regulation of metabolites involved in constitutive metabolism, like glycolysis, TCA cycle, amino acid metabolism, and lipid metabolism, potentially supporting plant growth. Pathogen infection majorly triggered up-regulation of specialized metabolites, such as phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and oxylipins, suggesting enhanced defense responses. The combined treatment however, exhibited a synergistic effect, with up-regulation of metabolites involved in both constitutive and specialized metabolism, suggesting a primed state for defense responses. Galactose metabolism emerged as the most enriched pathway across all treatments indicating its importance in plant defense through cell wall reinforcement, signaling and antimicrobial specialized metabolite production. ROC-based biomarker analysis putatively identified metabolites, including quercetin, salvigenin, delfinidin-3-O-glucoside, and asparagine, as potential biomarkers for distinguishing various treatment conditions. This study provides insights into the metabolic reprogramming in tomato plants in response to beneficial microbe-pathogen interactions and highlights the potential of untargeted metabolomics in elucidating complex plant-microbe interactions. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.
Metabolomics-Driven Mining of Metabolite Resources: Applications and Prospects for Improving Vegetable Crops
(MDPI, 2022) Dhananjaya Pratap Singh; Mansi Singh Bisen; Renu Shukla; Ratna Prabha; Sudarshan Maurya; Yesaru S. Reddy; Prabhakar Mohan Singh; Nagendra Rai; Tribhuwan Chaubey; Krishna Kumar Chaturvedi; Sudhir Srivastava; Mohammad Samir Farooqi; Vijai Kumar Gupta; Birinchi K. Sarma; Anil Rai; Tusar Kanti Behera
Vegetable crops possess a prominent nutri-metabolite pool that not only contributes to the crop performance in the fields, but also offers nutritional security for humans. In the pursuit of identifying, quantifying and functionally characterizing the cellular metabolome pool, biomolecule separation technologies, data acquisition platforms, chemical libraries, bioinformatics tools, databases and visualization techniques have come to play significant role. High-throughput metabolomics unravels structurally diverse nutrition-rich metabolites and their entangled interactions in vegetable plants. It has helped to link identified phytometabolites with unique phenotypic traits, nutri-functional characters, defense mechanisms and crop productivity. In this study, we explore mining diverse metabolites, localizing cellular metabolic pathways, classifying functional biomolecules and establishing linkages between metabolic fluxes and genomic regulations, using comprehensive metabolomics deciphers of the plant’s performance in the environment. We discuss exemplary reports covering the implications of metabolomics, addressing metabolic changes in vegetable plants during crop domestication, stage-dependent growth, fruit development, nutri-metabolic capabilities, climatic impacts, plant-microbe-pest interactions and anthropogenic activities. Efforts leading to identify biomarker metabolites, candidate proteins and the genes responsible for plant health, defense mechanisms and nutri-rich crop produce are documented. With the insights on metabolite-QTL (mQTL) driven genetic architecture, molecular breeding in vegetable crops can be revolutionized for developing better nutritional capabilities, improved tolerance against diseases/pests and enhanced climate resilience in plants. © 2022 by the authors.
Microbes-mediated nutrient use efficiency in pulse crops
(Springer Singapore, 2019) Sudheer K. Yadav; Ratna Prabha; Vivek Singh; Raina Bajpai; Basavaraj Teli; Md. Mahtab Rashid; Birinchi K. Sarma; Dhananjaya Pratap Singh
Legumes are the major crops used in crop rotation practices to maintain soil fertility. Soil fertility is maintained mainly by microorganisms associated with roots either symbiotically or asymbiotically. Microbes have capability to fix atmospheric nitrogen (N2) and enhance nutrient use efficiency by using a number of strategies like phosphate solubilization, potassium solubilization, mineral absorption, etc. Currently, use of microbial consortium (symbiotic as well as free-living) to increase nutrition use efficiency and activation of defense systems of plants is gaining importance. Microorganisms are eco-friendly, and their use is one of the best alternates of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Additionally, efforts are also being made to develop transgenic plants for increasing nutrient use efficiency. These transgenes are mostly of microbial origin. The present review focuses on enhancement of nutrient use efficiency of plants by using either individual microbe or microbes in consortium mode. The review also discusses the strategies adopted by microbes to enhance use of nutrients from soil. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2019.
Microbial inoculants in sustainable agricultural productivity: Vol. 1: Research perspectives
(Springer India, 2016) Dhananjaya Pratap Singh; Harikesh Bahadur Singh; Ratna Prabha
How to achieve sustainable agricultural production without compromising environmental quality, agro-ecosystem function and biodiversity is a serious consideration in current agricultural practices. Farming systems’ growing dependency on chemical inputs (fertilizers, pesticides, nutrients etc.) poses serious threats with regard to crop productivity, soil fertility, the nutritional value of farm produce, management of pests and diseases, agro-ecosystem well-being, and health issues for humans and animals. At the same time, microbial inoculants in the form of biofertilizers, plant growth promoters, biopesticides, soil health managers, etc. have gained considerable attention among researchers, agriculturists, farmers and policy makers. The first volume of the book Microbial Inoculants in Sustainable Agricultural Productivity – Research Perspectives highlights the efforts of global experts with regard to various aspects of microbial inoculants. Emphasis is placed on recent advances in microbiological techniques for the isolation, characterization, identification and evaluation of functional properties using biochemical and molecular tools. The taxonomic characterization of agriculturally important microorganisms is documented, along with their applications in field conditions. The book exploresthe identification, characterization and diversity analysis of endophytic microorganisms in various crops including legumes/non-legumes, as well as the assessment of their beneficial impacts in the context of promotingplant growth. Moreover, it provides essential updates onthe diversity and role of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and arbuscular mycorrhizal mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Further chaptersexamine in detailbiopesticides, thehigh-density cultivation of bioinoculants in submerged culture, seed biopriming strategies for abiotic and biotic stress tolerance, andPGPR as abio-control agent. Given its content, the book offers a valuable resource for researchers involved in research and development concerningPGPR, biopesticides and microbial inoculants. © Springer India 2016.
Microbial inoculants in sustainable agricultural productivity: Vol. 2: Functional applications
(Springer India, 2016) Dhananjaya Pratap Singh; Harikesh Bahadur Singh; Ratna Prabha
The performance of crops in the soil largely depends on the physico-chemical components of the soil, which regulate the availability of nutrients as well as abiotic and biotic stresses. Microbes are the integral component of any agricultural soil, playing a vital role in regulating the bioavailability of nutrients, the tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses and management of seed-borneand soil-borne plant diseases. The second volume of the book Microbial Inoculants in Sustainable Agricultural Productivity - Functional Applications reflects the pioneering efforts of eminent researchers to explore the functions of promising microbes as microbial inoculants, establish inoculants for field applications and promote corresponding knowledge among farming communities. In this volume, readers will find dedicated chapters on the role of microbes as biofertilizers and biopesticides in the improvement of crop plants, managing soil fertility and plant health, enhancing the efficiency of soil nutrients and establishing systemic phytopathogen resistance in plants, as well as managing various kinds of plant stress by applying microbial inoculants. The impact of microbial inoculants on the remediation of heavy metals, soil carbon sequestration, function of rhizosphere microbial communities and remediation of heavy metal contaminated agricultural soils is also covered in great detail. In this Volume, a major focus is on the approaches, strategies, advances and technologies used to develop suitable and sustainable delivery systems for microbial inoculants in field applications. Subsequent chapters investigate the role of nanomaterials in agriculture and the nanoparticle-mediated biocontrol of nematodes. An overview of the challenges facing the regulation and registration of biopesticides in India rounds out the coverage. © Springer India 2016.
Microbial inoculation in rice regulates antioxidative reactions and defense related genes to mitigate drought stress
(Nature Research, 2020) Dhananjaya P. Singh; Vivek Singh; Vijai K. Gupta; Renu Shukla; Ratna Prabha; Birinchi K. Sarma; Jai Singh Patel
Microbial inoculation in drought challenged rice triggered multipronged steps at enzymatic, non-enzymatic and gene expression level. These multifarious modulations in plants were related to stress tolerance mechanisms. Drought suppressed growth of rice plants but inoculation with Trichoderma, Pseudomonas and their combination minimized the impact of watering regime. Induced PAL gene expression and enzyme activity due to microbial inoculation led to increased accumulation of polyphenolics in plants. Enhanced antioxidant concentration of polyphenolics from microbe inoculated and drought challenged plants showed substantially high values of DPPH, ABTS, Fe-ion reducing power and Fe-ion chelation activity, which established the role of polyphenolic extract as free radical scavengers. Activation of superoxide dismutase that catalyzes superoxide (O2 −) and leads to the accumulation of H2O2 was linked with the hypersensitive cell death response in leaves. Microbial inoculation in plants enhanced activity of peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase enzymes. This has further contributed in reducing ROS burden in plants. Genes of key metabolic pathways including phenylpropanoid (PAL), superoxide dismutation (SODs), H2O2 peroxidation (APX, PO) and oxidative defense response (CAT) were over-expressed due to microbial inoculation. Enhanced expression of OSPiP linked to less-water permeability, drought-adaptation gene DHN and dehydration related stress inducible DREB gene in rice inoculated with microbial inoculants after drought challenge was also reported. The impact of Pseudomonas on gene expression was consistently remained the most prominent. These findings suggested that microbial inoculation directly caused over-expression of genes linked with defense processes in plants challenged with drought stress. Enhanced enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant reactions that helped in minimizing antioxidative load, were the repercussions of enhanced gene expression in microbe inoculated plants. These mechanisms contributed strongly towards stress mitigation. The study demonstrated that microbial inoculants were successful in improving intrinsic biochemical and molecular capabilities of rice plants under stress. Results encouraged us to advocate that the practice of growing plants with microbial inoculants may find strategic place in raising crops under abiotic stressed environments. © 2020, The Author(s).
Plant-Microbe Interactions in Agro-Ecological Perspectives
(Springer Singapore, 2017) Dhananjaya Pratap Singh; Harikesh Bahadur Singh; Ratna Prabha
This book puts an updated account on functional aspects of multiphasic microbial interactions within and between plants and their ecosystem. Multipronged interaction in the soil microbial communities with the plants constitute a relay of mechanisms that make profound changes in plant and its micro-environment in the rhizopshere at physiological, biochemical and molecular levels. In agro-ecological perspectives, such interactions are known to recycle nutrients and regulate signalling molecules, phytohormones and other small molecules that help plant growth and development. Such aspects are described deeply in this book taking examples from various crop plants and microbial systems. Authors described the most advantageous prospects of plant-microbe interaction in terms of inoculation of beneficial microorganisms (microbial inoculants) with the plants in which microbes proliferate in the root rhizosphere system and benefit plants' with definite functions like fixation of nitrogen, solubilization and mobilization of P, K, Zn and production of phytohormones. The subject of this book and the content presented herein has great relevance to the agro-ecological sustainability of crop plants with the help of microbial interactions. The chapters presented focus on defining and assessing the impact of beneficial microbial interactions on different soils, crops and abiotic conditions. This volume entails about exploiting beneficial microbial interactions to help plants under abiotic conditions, microbe-mediated induced systemic tolerance, role of mycorrhizal interactions in improving plant tolerance against stresses, PGPR as nutrient mobilizers, phytostimulants, antagonists and biocontrol agents, plant interactions with Trichoderma and other bioagents for sustainable intensification in agriculture, cyanobacteria as PGPRs, plant microbiome for crop management and phytoremediation and rhizoremediation using microbial communities. The overall content entrust advanced knowledge and applicability of diversified biotechnological, techno-commercial and agro-ecological aspects of microbial interactions and inoculants as inputs, which upon inoculation with crop plants benefit them in multiple ways. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2017. All rights are reserved.
Plant-microbe interactions in agro-ecological perspectives
(Springer Singapore, 2017) Dhananjaya Pratap Singh; Harikesh Bahadur Singh; Ratna Prabha
This books presents an updated compilation on fundamental interaction mechanisms of microbial communities with the plant roots and rhizosphere (belowground) and leaves and aerial parts (aboveground). Plant rhizopshere recruits its own microbial composition that survive there and help plants grow and develop better under biotic and abiotic conditions. Similar is the case with the beneficial microorganisms which are applied as inoculants with characteristic functions. The mechanism of plant-microbe interactions is interesting phenomenon in biological perspectives with numerous implications in the fields. The First volume focuses on the basic and fundamental mechanisms that have been worked out by the scientific communities taking into account different plant-microbe systems. This includes methods that decipher mechanisms at cellular, physiological, biochemical and molecular levels and the functions that are the final outcome of any beneficial or non-beneficial interactions in crop plants and microbes. Recent advances in this research area is covered in different book chapters that reflect the impact of microbial interactions on soil and plant health, dynamics of rhizosphere microbial communities, interaction mechanisms of microbes with multiple functional attributes, microbiome of contrasting crop production systems (organic vs conventional), mechanisms behind symbiotic and pathogenic interactions, endophytic (bacterial and fungal) interaction and benefits, rhizoplane and endosphere associations, signalling cascades and determinants in rhizosphere, quorum sensing in bacteria and impact on interaction, mycorrhizal interaction mechanisms, induced disease resistance and plant immunization, interaction mechanisms that suppress disease and belowground microbial crosstalk with plant rhizosphere. Methods based on multiphasic and multi-omics approaches were discussed in detail by the authors. Content-wise, the book offers an advanced account on various aspects of plant-microbe interactions and valuable implications in agro-ecological perspectives. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2017. All rights reserved.
Preface
(Springer India, 2016) Dhananjaya Pratap Singh; Harikesh Bahadur Singh; Ratna Prabha
[No abstract available]
Preface
(Springer India, 2016) Dhananjaya Pratap Singh; Harikesh Bahadur Singh; Ratna Prabha
[No abstract available]
Preface
(Springer Singapore, 2017) Dhananjaya Pratap Singh; Harikesh Bahadur Singh; Ratna Prabha
[No abstract available]
Roots of resistance: Unraveling microbiome-driven plant immunity
(Elsevier B.V., 2024) Dhananjaya Pratap Singh; Sudarshan Maurya; Lovkush Satnami; Renu; Ratna Prabha; Birinchi K. Sarma; Nagendra Rai
The intricate interplay between microbiome and plant immunity represents a frontier in plant biology with significant implications for agriculture and ecosystem management. This review explores intricate relationship between plant immunity and the microbiome, highlighting its significance in addressing current agricultural and environmental challenges. The plant immune system, comprising pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI), plays crucial role in shaping microbial communities in the rhizosphere. Phytohormones such as salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and ethylene are the key modulators of plant defenses and contribute to rhizosphere microbiome composition. The concept of defense priming and plant immune memory emerges as a promising avenue for enhancing crop resilience against phytopathogens and environmental stresses. Root exudates and plant defense signatures actively influence rhizosphere microbiome structure, establishing a bidirectional relationship between plants and their microbial partners. This interaction is particularly relevant in the context of climate change, where plants face increasing biotic and abiotic stresses. Understanding and leveraging these complex interactions holds promise for developing more sustainable agricultural practices, reducing reliance on chemical inputs, and ensuring food security in the face of global challenges. We have stressed upon the importance of viewing the plant-soil-microbiome system as an integrated unit or holobiont. As agriculture grapples with the challenges of feeding a growing population under changing environmental conditions, harnessing the power of plant-microbiome interactions presents a promising strategy for improving food security and promoting ecosystem health. © 2024 The Author(s)
Stage-dependent concomitant microbial fortification improves soil nutrient status, plant growth, antioxidative defense system and gene expression in rice
(Elsevier GmbH, 2020) Dhananjaya Pratap Singh; Vivek Singh; Renu Shukla; Pramod Sahu; Ratna Prabha; Amrita Gupta; Birinchi K. Sarma; Vijai K. Gupta
Stage-dependent concomitant fortification of rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties PB1612 and CO51 with microbial inoculants Trichoderma asperellum and Pseudomonas fluorescens as seed coating, seedling root inoculation and soil application enhanced growth, activated antioxidant enzymes and modulated defence-related genes in plants. Microbial inoculants improved shoot height, tiller numbers, fresh weight and dry biomass. Co-inoculation was more impactful in enhancing plant growth and development as compared to single inoculation. Single and co-inoculation improved organic carbon (OC) and N, P and K content in the soil substantially. Mean values between control and co-inoculation varied significantly for OC in PB1612 (p0.001) and CO51 (p0.019) and phosphorus content in PB1612 (p0.044) and CO51 (p0.021). Microbial inoculation enhanced soil nutrients and increased their bioavailability for the plants. Total polyphenolics, flavonoids and protein content increased in the leaves following microbial inoculation. Enhanced non-enzymatic antioxidant parameters (ABTS, DPPH, Fe-ion reducing power and Fe-ion chelation) was found in microbe inoculated rice reflecting high free radical scavenging activity in polyphenolics-rich leaf extracts. Increased enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), peroxidase (PO), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and catalase (CAT) showed improved ROS scavenging in rice plants having co-inoculation. Over-expression of PAL, cCuZn-SOD and CAT genes in microbial inoculated rice plants was recorded. The study concludes that plant stage-wise concomitant fortification by microbial inoculants could play multi-pronged manifestations at physiological, biochemical and molecular level in rice to positively influence growth, development and defense attributes in plants. © 2020