Browsing by Author "Ravi Bhushan"

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Aromatic Plants, Essential oils, Carminatives, Tea Plants and Expectorant Herbs for the Management of COVID-19
(Bentham Science Publishers, 2023) Sonal Upadhyay; Ravi Bhushan; Pawan Kumar Dubey; Bashir A. Sheikh; Mithun Rudrapal; James H. Zothantluanga
SARS-CoV-2 (Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) leads to coronavirus disorder (COVID-19). It was detected in Wuhan City, China, in December 2019 and extended to different provinces in China. The drug discovery strategy that holds the thrust of the COVID-19 pandemic is the existing trial of broad-spectrum antiviral drugs. However, molecular docking combined with chemical synthesis assists in discovering various synthetic agents, above one-third of FDA (Food and Drug Administration)- are naturally occurring products as approved drugs. Natural derivative products from different sources of fungus, plant and marine have been abundant in nutrition/phytochemicals to prevent various disease discoveries for many diseases’ prevention. There are scarcely any country that is left intact by the coronavirus outbreak. Only the considerable well-known health threat still now requires it to be managed as early as possible. To date, there is no development of drugs or vaccines that have been proven clinically against COVID-19. Various secondary phytoconstituents with antiviral activities have been extracted from medicinal herbs. Different research works have been demonstrated all over the globe to find antiviral medication effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 pandemic. The best preventive measures against COVID-19 infections would be searching for the molecules responsible for modifying or disturbing any pathways related to the virus replication cycle. Natural compounds are capable of altering or inhibiting the configuration of the structural protein of (spike glycoprotein), non-structural proteins (3-chymotrypsin-like protease, papain-like protease, helicase, and RdRP) and accessory proteins encoded by the SARS-CoV-2 genome that are required to be investigated.Hence, various natural products and herbal extracts may prove as potent therapeutics in treating the symptoms related to SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this context, we will present some traditional plants/herbs that are found effective against viral activities and reduce the contamination risk by Coronavirus and cure some symptoms of COVID-19, mainly respiratory problems. © 2023, Bentham Science Publishers.
Bioinformatics enrichment analysis of genes and pathways related to maternal type 1 diabetes associated with adverse fetal outcomes
(Elsevier Inc., 2020) Ravi Bhushan; Anjali Rani; Akhtar Ali; Vinay Kumar Singh; Pawan K. Dubey
Maternal type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) may affect fetal development by altering the gene expression profile of the umbilical cord. The present study aimed to explore the T1DM-induced gene expression changes in the fetal umbilical cord. The raw gene expression profiles (ID: GSE51546) of umbilical cord tissue obtained from six normal mothers (non-diabetic) and six type 1 diabetic mothers were used to identify the differentially expressed genes. Genes that correspond to official gene symbols were selected for protein-protein interaction (PPI) and sub-network construction (combined score > 0.4). Functional annotation for Gene Ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analysis were performed for genes involved in networking. A total of 110 differentially expressed genes were identified of which 38 were up-regulated while 72 were down-regulated. Only 37 genes were identified to significantly interact with each other. Hub genes including HSPA4, KCTD6, UBE2G1, FBXL19, and EHMT1 were up-regulated while KBTBD7, TRIM32, and NUP were down-regulated. T1DM had a major effect on the expression of genes involved in cellular death and differentiation, cell signaling and communication, protein modification and regulation of GTPase activity. Total 27 pathways were enriched and genes related to Wnt signaling, VEGF signaling, inflammation mediated by chemokine and cytokine signaling pathways, FGF signaling pathways and GnRH receptor pathways were found significantly affected by T1DM. Our results suggest that the T1DM environment seems to alter umbilical cord gene expression involved in the regulation of pathophysiology of the diabetic mother which in turn may lead to long-term consequences in various tissues in infants. This study provides insight into the molecular mechanism underlying the adverse pregnancy outcomes of maternal T1DM. © 2020 Elsevier Inc.
Differential gene expression profile evaluation between uterine leiomyoma and leiomyosarcoma using a machine learning approach
(KeAi Communications Co., 2023) Sonal Upadhyay; Ravi Bhushan; Anima Tripathi; Lavina Chaubey; Amita Diwakar; Pawan K. Dubey
Objective: The objective of this study is to differentiate between uterine leiomyomas (ULM) and uterine leiomyosarcomas (ULMS) by conducting molecular differential analysis and identifying potential prognostic biomarkers for diagnosis. Methods: The microarray datasets (GSEID: GSE64763 and GSE185543) were retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Data preprocessing and differential gene expressions (DEGs) analysis were performed. The DEGs were further intersected to find the common DEGs in ULM and ULMS and further validation of selected DEGs were performed. Further, a machine learning classifier was also applied in the selection of biomarkers. Protein-protein interaction network based upon STRING v 10.5, was constructed. Additionally, Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathway enrichment analyses were also performed to dissect possible functions and pathways. Results: A total of 50 significant DEGs for ULM while 321 DEGs for ULMS have been identified with their official gene symbol. Between ULM and ULMS, a total of 14 common DEGs were identified of which 8 were up-regulated while 6 were down-regulated. The DEGs of (GSE185543) were also analyzed and the significant genes were retrieved common in both datasets for further analysis. Using a machine learning approach, 10 feature genes were identified. Using the expression profiles of these genes, a sequential minimal optimization (SMO) prediction model was built on the training set, and it accurately and reliably classified features expression in ULM and ULMS in the independent test set. Furthermore, Co- Enrichment analysis was also performed. Conclusion: The study identified several DEGs, including ZNF365, EPYC, COL11A1, SHOX2, MMP13, TNN, GPM6A, and GATA2, through cross-validation, machine learning classifier, and Co- Enrichment analysis. These candidate disease genes may provide valuable insight into the underlying mechanisms and could be used as potential diagnostic biomarkers for ULM and ULMS. However, further validation of these genes is necessary to better understand their roles in the pathogenesis of ULM and ULMS. © 2023 The Authors
Fabrication of thin Nb target for lifetime measurements of short lived excited nuclear states
(Elsevier B.V., 2021) Anand Pandey; Ravi Bhushan; Aman Rohilla; C. Majumder; S. Chakraborty; R.P. Singh; Ashutosh Kapil; S.K. Chamoli
The quality of target foils often plays an important role in the success of nuclear physics experiments. Specially, in an experiment intended to measure the level lifetimes of short lived excited nuclear states with Doppler shift attenuation method (DSAM), an isotopically enriched thin target on appropriately thick backing foil of high-Z material is preferentially required. In the present work, a thin (thickness ≈ 0.9 mg/cm2) mono-isotopic Nb target on thick (thickness ≈ 9.2 mg/cm2) lead backing has been prepared using rolling technique at the Inter University Accelerator Center (IUAC), New Delhi. To meet the important criteria of sufficient thickness and proper sticking of two foils without any air gap in-between, some novel methods like heating of stainless steel (SS) pack before rolling, frequent change of rolling pack, use of alcohol during rolling, unidirectional rolling under low pressure specially for rolling lead foil and the composite target, were adopted. The quality check of prepared target foil was done with the energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) technique. The prepared target has been successfully used in a recent DSAM lifetime measurement experiment at IUAC, New Delhi. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.
Genetic variants related to insulin metabolism are associated with gestational diabetes mellitus
(Elsevier B.V., 2024) Ravi Bhushan; Shafiul Haque; Rakesh Kumar Gupta; Anjali Rani; Amita Diwakar; Sakshi Agarwal; Anima Tripathi; Pawan K. Dubey
The current study sought to investigate the associations of common genetic risk variants with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) risk in the north Indian population and to evaluate their utility in identifying GDM cases. A case-control study, including 300 pregnant women, was included, and clinical and pathological information was collected. The amplification-refractory mutation system (ARMS) was used for genotyping four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), namely FTO (rs9939609), PPARG2 (rs1801282), SLC30A8 (rs13266634), and TCF7L2 (rs12255372). The odds ratio and confidence interval were determined for each SNP in different genetic models. Further, attributable risk, population penetrance, and relative risk were also calculated. The risk allele A of FTO (rs9939609) poses a two times higher risk of GDM (p = 0.02, OR = 2.5). The CG and GG genotypes of PPARG2 (rs1801282) have half a lower risk of GDM. In SLC30A8 (rs13266634), the recessive model analysis showed a two times higher risk of having GDM, while the recessive model (TT vs. GG + GT) analysis in TCF7L2 (rs12255372) indicates a lower risk of GDM. Finally, the relative risk, population penetrance, and attributable risk for risk allele in all four variants was higher in GDM mothers. All four polymorphisms were found to be significantly associated with BMI, HbA1c, and insulin. Our study first time confirmed a significant association with GDM for four variants, FTO, PPARG2, SLC30A8, and TCF7L2, in the North Indian population. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.
Homology modelling and docking study of SUZ12, a subunit of PRC2 complex, with naturally occurring plant compounds
(Advanced Scientific Research, 2020) Garima Jain; Ravi Bhushan; Pawan K. Dubey; Parimal Das
PRC2 is a transcriptional repressive complex and its inhibitors have been found to have a potential role in cancer therapeutics. In this study, SUZ12-a subunit of PRC2 complex was studied with the help of protein-ligand docking for various naturally occurring plant steroids and flavonoids. The structure of SUZ12 was modeled by homology modeling tool and validated with the help of various computational tools. The best model was selected based on the percentage of residues that are present in either of favored, allowed or disallowed regions using the Ramachandran Plot. This was further followed by docking studies with plant-based flavonoids and phytosterols (Tangeritin, Apigenin, Diosgenin, Luteolin, and Guggulsterone) using Patchdock and YASARA docking software. Luteolin and Guggultserone were observed to have the highest binding energies towards SUZ12 and Tageratin scored the lowest. Luteolin, Guggulsterone, and apigenin showed binding at the zinc finger domain. Thus, this virtual screening for binding of various compounds identified that luteolin and apigenin might disrupt the secondary structure of SUZ12 protein and thus hamper the functioning of PRC2. This analysis can be further used for the designing of potent drugs against diseases caused by hyperactivation of the PRC2 complex, thereby aiding knowledge in the field of research. © 2020, Advanced Scientific Research. All rights reserved.
Indications of octupole correlation in 84Sr
(Institute of Physics, 2023) Anuj; S. Kumar; Naveen Kumar; Neelam Rajput; K. Rojeeta Devi; Neeraj Kumar; C.V. Ahmad; Akashrup Banerjee; Aman Rohilla; C.K. Gupta; Anand Pandey; Ravi Bhushan; Unnati Gupta; S.K. Mandal; S.S. Bhattacharjee; Divya Arora; R. Garg; Indu Bala; Rakesh Kumar; R.P. Singh; S. Muralithar; V.V. Jyothi; Chandrani Majumder; Hariprakash Sharma; Anupriya Sharma; S.K. Dhiman
Excited states in the 84Sr nucleus were investigated via the 76Ge(12C,4n)84Sr reaction at a beam energy of 58 MeV. The de-excited γ-rays were detected using the Indian National Gamma Array (INGA) spectrometer at Inter-University Accelerator Center, New Delhi. Directional Correlation from Oriented (DCO) states ratio and the polarization asymmetry (Δ) measurements were done to confirm the spin-parity of the low-lying states. Eight new γ-ray transitions were placed in the level scheme of 84Sr. The systematic behaviour of energy staggering S(I) of the γ-band (Band 1 and Band 2) was compared with the γ-bands in the mass A ≈ 80 region and the nuclei of other mass regions with similar behaviour (odd-I down). The E1 character is confirmed for strong γ-ray transitions connecting Band 3 to the Yrast band. Comparison of new results such as B(E1)/B(E2) ratio, frequency ratio ω −/ω + and energy displacement ΔE in 84Sr with those of 72Se, 150Sm, 152Gd, 220Ra and 224Th nuclei suggests the presence of octupole correlations in 84Sr. © 2023 IOP Publishing Ltd
Integration of transcriptomics and metabolomics data revealed role of insulin resistant SNW1 gene in the pathophysiology of gestational diabetes
(Nature Research, 2025) Ravi Bhushan; Rimjhim Trivedi; Ritu Raj; Anjali Rani; Sangeeta Rai; Anima Tripathi; Shiv Govind Rawat; Ajay Kumar; Dinesh Kumar; Pawan Kumar Dubey
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is an emerging maternal health problem with increasing incidences. The lack of complete understanding of its pathophysiological mechanisms and novel regulatory biomarkers makes early diagnosis difficult. High-throughput RNA sequencing and computational bioinformatics analyses were conducted to identify novel hub genes, and their regulatory mechanisms were validated through qRT-PCR, western blot, and siRNA-mediated knockdown studies. Intermediate metabolites and circulatory levels of amino acids in the serum of GDM patients and healthy controls were measured. Transcriptomic studies identified SNW1 as the most sensitive and specific biomarker, significantly up-regulated in GDM (fold change = 1.09; p < 0.001). Metabolomic studies indicated significantly elevated gluconeogenesis in GDM, evidenced by decreased levels of alanine and increased levels of pyruvate and glucose compared to controls. siRNA-mediated knockdown of SNW1 in PANC1 cells resulted in significant down-regulation of alanine aminotransferase (ALT/GPT) and insulin receptor substrate (IRS1), while glucose transporters (GLUT2/GLUT4) and insulin (INS) were significantly up-regulated at both mRNA and protein levels. This study identified SNW1 as a novel insulin-resistant gene that induces hyperglycemia by elevating gluconeogenesis and decreasing glucose uptake. SNW1 may be considered a potential therapeutic target with clinical utility for the management of GDM. © The Author(s) 2025.
Lymphnodal Co-infection of Cryptococcus and Histoplasma in a HIV-Infected Patient and Review of Published Reports
(Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2015) Amrita Ghosh; Ragini Tilak; Ravi Bhushan; Neeraj Dhameja; Jaya Chakravarty
Human infection with Histoplasma capsulatum and Cryptococcus runs the gamut from asymptomatic illness to disseminated disease. Though both are the most prevalent systemic mycoses in HIV-infected patients, simultaneous infection by both the pathogens rarely occurs. We document the first case from Asian subcontinent with concurrent infection with disseminated cryptococcosis and histoplasmosis infections in a HIV-infected Indian patient diagnosed by morphological examination of fine-needle aspiration cytology samples obtained from the enlarged lymph nodes on light microscopy and were later confirmed by culture studies. A prompt, accurate and timely diagnosis of the disseminated form of dual mycosis (or either of the mycosis as well) is of utmost importance which has obvious impact on early initiation of treatment. Fine-needle aspiration cytology is a rapid, cost-effective and reliable method to identify infection with Cryptococcus and Histoplasma and is comparable with the essential culture studies. © 2015, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.
Nanophytomedicine in disease and therapy
(Wiley Blackwell, 2022) Sonal Upadhyay; Ravi Bhushan; Mithun Rudrapal
Nanomedicine is an emerging field that uses the knowledge and techniques of nanoscience in medical biology for the prevention and remediation of disease. Nanomedicine has great potential to treat or repair (regenerative medicine, not just killing of diseased cells) tissues and organs within individually targeted cells, cell by cell. It typically uses molecular biosensors to provide feedback control of treatment and repair. Nanomedicine can target and adjust the use of drugs appropriately for individual cell treatment at the proper dose for each cell (single-cell medicine). Hence, in recent years, to overcome all these limitations, drawbacks, and side effects of allopathic medicine, the concept of nanomedicine and nanophytomedicine has emerged with dramatic response in curing disease without any harmful effects. Seeing the advantage of nanomedicine over traditional therapeutic formulations, there is an exponential increase in the field of nanomedicine. In the coming future, there are limitless opportunities for nanomedicine. There is a need to advance nanomedicine, which can only be achieved by expanding cross-disciplinary training for researchers, medical care providers, and public health professionals working in the industry, government, and academia. Research and development in the field of novel nanomedicine applications will transform the way of treatment along with human health across the world. © 2022 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Nanotherapeutics of phytoantioxidants for microbial infections
(Wiley Blackwell, 2022) Ravi Bhushan; Sonai Upadhyay; Mithun Rudrapal
Microbial infections continue to appear, persist, and reemerge. Some microorganisms cause novel identified human diseases; others are formerly known microbes that are contagious to larger or new groups of population or outspreading into new geographic locations. Recently, the accessible therapies are limited for the treatment of microbial infections, intended for treating only the symptoms. Adverse effects or contradictions were found associated with these medications that make it so difficult for them in combating microbial infections. Since the existing infectious disease therapeutics are found incapable to delay or stop the spread of infections, so there is a requirement for better therapeutics strategies in controlling the microbial infection. In this context, where multi-target action is favorable in averting microbial infections, mother nature endowed us with innumerable phytoantioxidants. These phytoconstituents exhibit anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, antioxidant, and antimicrobial efficacy, which prove them as promising candidates for microbial infections. This chapter describes the synthesis of various nanotherapeutics using different plants and their extracts, the synthesis processes, and their effective applications of being antioxidants and antimicrobial agents to minimize the problem of multiple drug resistance in various pathogens. Functionalized nanotherapeutics have emerged as potent drug carrier agents for drug delivery. The recent advancement and the ongoing studies in functionalization provide a way toward novel avenues for antimicrobial applications of nanotherapeutics in the medical and healthcare sectors. © 2022 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
NEW CHRONOLOGY FOR MEGALITHIC BURIALS IN VIDARBHA (CENTRAL INDIA): INSIGHTS INTO CONTEMPORARY HYDRO-CLIMATE AND FOOD HABITS
(Cambridge University Press, 2022) Nikhil Patel; Preeti Trivedi; Rajesh Agnihotri; Niraj Rai; Vijay Sathe; Niteshkumar Khonde; Ravi Bhushan; Partha Sarathi Jena; A Shivam; Alok Kumar
Megalithic cultures of central India provide important links between the southern Neolithic-Chalcolithic cultures and the early Historical period (∼500 BC to ∼AD 700) and reveal knowledge of ancient traditions of early inhabitants. Scientific dating of these Megalithic burial sites is a challenging task due to scarcity of dateable material and alterations. Here, we present multiple accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon (AMS 14C) dates from equine tooth-enamel and organic food remains recovered from pots from Megalithic burials of the Vidarbha region. Using δ13CTOC and δ15N values of organic food remains recovered from pots, we deduced past-diet (palaeo-vegetation) that indicates C4 type of vegetation and thus arid climate during life-spans of these burials. We also analyzed stable δ13C and δ18O isotopes of equine tooth-enamel to investigate hydro-climatic conditions of Maharashtra (Vidarbha region). A total of 10 AMS 14C dates of tooth enamel provide a time range of AD 250-874 for two Megalithic burials. Two AMS 14C dates of organic food remains recovered from pots corroborated aforementioned time-range. The average δ13C and δ18O of equine tooth-enamel samples were -5.3 ± 2.1‰ and -2.9 ± 0.8‰, respectively, both significantly enriched compared to their modern counterparts (-13.7‰ ± 0.7 and -4.3‰ ± 1.1), indicating intense arid conditions in the past. ©
Presence and implications of petrogenic organic carbon in High Himalayan Crystalline lake sediment
(Cambridge University Press, 2024) Priyanka Singh; Vijayananda Sarangi; Ravi Bhushan; S Nawaz Ali; Shailesh Agrawal; Pooja Tiwari; Masud Kawsar; Prasanta Sanyal; Kamlesh Kumar; Biswajeet Thakur; M.C. Manoj; Veerukant Singh; Ankur Dabhi; Anupam Sharma; Kuldeep Prakash; P. Morthekai
Twelve lacustrine sediment samples from a relict lake in the Kalla Glacier valley were co-dated using AMS radiocarbon (14C) and infrared stimulated luminescence (IRSL) dating methods. In general, the radiocarbon ages of bulk organic matter were older by a minimum of 1500 years compared to (age depth) modeled luminescence ages after fading corrections. This is observed for the first time in the lake sediments of High Himalayan Crystalline zone. A combination of lipid n-alkane data, Raman spectra and geochemical proxies suggested that this was due to ancient organic carbon (OCancient) that is a mixture of pre-aged (OCpre-aged) and petrogenic (OCpetro) organic carbon within older glacial moraine debris that served as sediment source to the lake. Raman spectra suggest the presence of moderate to highly graphitized OCpetro in all the profile samples. The OCpetro contributed 0.064 ± 0.032% to the sediment and the lake stored 2.5 ± 0.7 Gg OCpetro at variable rates during the last 16 kyr, with the mean burial flux 160 kg OCpetro yr-1. This study implies (1) employing another independent dating method in addition to radiocarbon method using bulk sediment organic matter, if the carbon content is low, to observe any discrepancy, and (2) a need to investigate on the fate of OCpetro as many such small lakes become relict in this region. © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of University of Arizona.
Relict proglacial lake of Spituk (Leh), northwest (NW) Himalaya: A repository of hydrological changes during Marine Isotopic Stage (MIS)-2
(Elsevier B.V., 2022) Partha Sarathi Jena; Ravi Bhushan; Harsh Raj; Ankur J. Dabhi; Shubhra Sharma; Anil D. Shukla; Navin Juyal
In the northwestern Himalaya (Ladakh and Karakoram), the spatial and temporal changes in the late Quaternary glaciation were modulated by a combination of two contrasting moisture sources (viz., the Indian Summer Monsoon and the mid-latitude westerlies). The inferences about their relative contribution to glacier expansion are based on the ages obtained on moraines. Since the moraines suffer from poor preservation and chronological uncertainty, the present study, therefore, resorted to a near-continuous relict proglacial lake succession in order to reconstruct the continuous pattern of glacier fluctuations during Marine Isotopic Stage-2 (MIS-2). Since the AMS radiocarbon ages (both organic and inorganic matter) suffered from various complexities such as dead carbon contribution and hard water effect, the paleohydrological inferences in this study were drawn primarily based on optical ages (along with sedimentological and geochemical analysis). The proglacial lake sedimentation was modulated by the temporal changes in meltwater discharge. This is attributed to the waning and waxing of proximal valley glaciers. Evidence accrued from the lake sediment supported by the published moraine chronology suggests that valley glaciers expanded during the onset of MIS-2 and persisted until around the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). The beginning of MIS-2 is marked by the onset of cooling (~ 30 ka), which led to a marginal advance in the glaciers. Additionally, early MIS-2 was characterised by millennial-scale climatic fluctuations. For example, a short-lived increase in humidity was observed between 30.2 ka and 29.3 ka, followed by a reversal towards a drier climate between 29.3 ka and 28.1 ka. During the early part of MIS-2, glaciers were driven by the decrease in temperature, whereas the enhanced moisture contribution during mid MIS-2 was responsible for extensive glacier growth. We hypothesise that the enhanced moisture was contributed by the mid-latitude westerlies, with subordinate contribution from the Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM). This we attribute to the southward positioning of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) during MIS-2. © 2022 Elsevier B.V.