Browsing by Author "Ravindra Singh"

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An in-depth study on survival mechanism of bacterial isolates in disinfectants within the hospital environment
(Frontiers Media SA, 2024) Pue Rakshit; Aradhana Singh; Ravindra Singh; Tuhina Banerjee
Introduction: The emergence of disinfectant resistance has become a severe threat due to reduced effectiveness. This study was undertaken to determine how bacteria adapt to survive exposure to disinfectants in the busiest section of a tertiary care hospital in Varanasi, India. Methods: Four isolates (two Klebsiella pneumoniae, Kp1 and Kp2; two Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pa1 and Pa2) were obtained from chlorhexidine (CHX)–based handwash during microbiological surveillance of “in-use disinfectants” in hospital. Six disinfectants [4% CHX, 2% glutaraldehyde, 7.5% hydrogen peroxide, 1% sodium hypochlorite and 0.1% benzalkonium chloride (BAC), and 70% ethyl alcohol] were tested against these four isolates to determine minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). Antibiotic profile, change in MIC on exposure to disinfectants and biofilm formation in the presence and absence of disinfectants was studied. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) was done to identify the resistance mechanisms. Result: The isolates showed the highest MBC/MIC ratio (4) against glutaraldehyde. Exposure to supra-inhibitory concentration of BAC for 21 days resulted in doubling of MIC/MBC. The majority (75%) of the isolates were multidrug resistant. All the isolates were strong biofilm producers. The reduction rate of biofilm formation decreased with an increase in the concentration of disinfectants (p = 0.05 for BAC). WGS revealed multiple AMR genes including blaDIM-1, disinfectant-resistant gene and efflux pump genes. Conclusion: The study emphasized the various adaptation strategies of these isolates for survival in disinfectant environment, thus posing a huge challenge for their control in the hospital environment. Copyright © 2024 Rakshit, Singh, Singh and Banerjee.
Association of sexual performance and intimacy with satisfaction in life in head and neck cancer patients: A review
(Elsevier Ltd, 2024) Ananya Arora; Ravindra Singh; Khushi Malik; Unnati Kestwal
Introduction: Head and neck (H&N) neoplasms, both in advanced stages and during their oncologic therapy, cause interferences with wild psycho-physical implications and impact on family and partner life, social, relational, and working dimensions. Many studies were conducted on sexual function in oncology patients with breast, pelvic, or prostate organs. Nevertheless, few studies investigated the sexualities of patients with head and neck cancer. Purpose: of the Study: Head and neck cancer patients are often at risk of sexual problems due to the possibility of disfigurement and body image disturbance. These issues in cancer patients may have a significant effect on their psychological well-being. These issues can cause guilt, low life satisfaction, less intimacy, etc. This study aims to give an insight into the association between intimacy, sexual performance, and life satisfaction in patients with head and neck cancer. Methods: We thoroughly reviewed current literature, examining multiple scholarly articles and journals available online. We used electronic databases and search engines such as PubMed, PsycINFO, Google Scholar, and ResearchGate, using key terms such as “head and neck cancer,” "sexual performance," “life satisfaction,” "intimacy," and “oral cancer” to identify relevant studies. Consistency in the definition of these concepts was maintained by excluding synonymous keywords from our search. A total of 78 papers were initially selected on the basis of the titles. According to the research objectives, a total of 53 papers were selected after thorough investigation of the abstract. Further, we have removed duplicate and inaccessible articles from the review process. Then after thoughtful consideration, it was brought down to 27 articles on the basis of their relevance to the study. Only studies that were published in the last 20 years were taken in review. Results: Our review synthesized findings from some studies examining the association of sexual performance and intimacy with satisfaction in life of head and neck cancer patients. Across the included studies, a consistent pattern emerged, highlighting the significant impact of sexual function and intimate relationships on overall life satisfaction in this patient population. These findings emphasize the importance of incorporating interventions targeting sexual and intimacy-related concerns into the comprehensive care of individuals living with head and neck cancer. Conclusions: In conclusion, the findings highlighted the importance of addressing sexual health and intimate relationship concerns as integral components of comprehensive care for head and neck cancer patients. Healthcare providers should prioritize open communication, psycho education, and support services to help patients navigate the challenges associated with changes in sexual behaviour and intimacy. © 2024 The Authors
Attitude and Myths Related to Stalking among Early and Middle Age Adults
(Sapienza Universita Editrice, 2023) Ravi P. Pandey; Shivangi Bansal; Purnima Awasthi; Vidushi Dixit; Ravindra Singh; Vibha Yadava
Stalking is described as a persistent pattern of behaviour that consists of undesirable contact and persistent monitoring. For example, stalkers may wait outside the victim’s home or make uninvited appearances in the victim’s personal space. Whether people understand stalking as an everyday brief behaviour or a bizarre phenomenon that needs intervention on their part makes a big distinction in the lives of stalking victims. Since humans tend to behave as per their attitudes, it makes it practically more important to assess myths and attitudes of people related to stalking. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess and compare the attitude and myths related to stalking between early and middle age adults. The study was conducted on 67 young adults (Female = 33; Male = 34) and 67 middle-aged adults (Female = 33; Male = 34) who reside in Delhi and National Capital Region (NCR). Mean age of the two groups was 24.56 for young adults (18-30 years) and 46.79 for middle adults (40-55 years). Sample was drawn using convenient sampling. A 19 items stalking-related attitude questionnaire (SRAQ) was used to measure an individual’s attitudes toward stalking statements and a 21-items stalking myths scale (SMS) was used to measure the participants’ endorsement of myths related to stalking. Data were analysed using mean, standard deviation (SD), and t- test. Results showed that middle-aged adults endorse more stalking-related attitudes and myths than early-age adults. Significant gender difference was also found related to the endorsement of stalking-related attitudes and myths as male participants endorsed more stalking related attitude and myths than female participants. This finding provides evidence of the extent to which attitudes and myths related to stalking are present among different age groups of society in today’s times. © 2023 Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco. All rights reserved.
Dispersion and dissipation of shear horizontal wave in magneto-electro-elastic material loaded with complex magnetic viscous fluid
(Institute of Physics, 2025) Ravindra Singh; Ramnarayan; Priyanka Yadav; Surendra Prasad
The present study outlines the theoretical analysis of Shear horizontal (SH) wave propagation on magneto-electro-elastic (MEE) material lying on an elastic half-space and subjected to magnetic fluid loading. Using an exact analytical approach, complex dispersion relations for SH waves are derived under both electric short and electric open boundary conditions. To validate these derived relations, specific cases are considered where the MEE material behaves as piezoelectric and piezomagnetic. The complex dispersion relations are separated into real and imaginary components, revealing nonlinear relationships between phase velocity and attenuation of SH waves in relation to geometric parameters, frequency, and the physical properties of the magnetic fluid. Five different magnetic fluids are examined to illustrate the phase velocity and attenuation characteristics graphically. The effects of geometric and physical parameters of the magnetic fluids, the thickness of the MEE material, and the frequency and density of the elastic half-space on the phase velocity and attenuation of SH waves are discussed. Additionally, the finite element method (FEM) is employed to validate the results, ensuring the accuracy of the analytical findings. The results of this study are fundamental and can be used to design and development of surface acoustic wave (SAW) liquid sensors as well as magnetic field sensors. © 2025 IOP Publishing Ltd. All rights, including for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies, are reserved.
Implementation of infection prevention and control practices in an upcoming COVID-19 hospital in India: An opportunity not missed
(Public Library of Science, 2022) Arghya Das; Rahul Garg; E. Sampath Kumar; Dharanidhar Singh; Bisweswar Ojha; H. Larikyrpang Kharchandy; Bhairav Kumar Pathak; Pushkar Srikrishnan; Ravindra Singh; Immanuel Joshua; Sanket Nandekar; J. Vinothini; Reenu Reghu; Nikitha Pedapanga; Tuhina Banerjee; Kamal Kumar Yadav
Infection prevention and control (IPC) program is obligatory for delivering quality services in any healthcare setup. Lack of administrative support and resource-constraints (under-staffing, inadequate funds) were primary barriers to successful implementation of IPC practices in majority of the hospitals in the developing countries. The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) brought a unique opportunity to improve the IPC program in these hospitals. A PDSA (Plan—Do—Study- Act) model was adopted for this study in a tertiary care hospital which was converted into a dedicated COVID-19 treatment facility in Varanasi, India. The initial focus was to identify the deficiencies in existing IPC practices and perceive the opportunities for improvement. Repeated IPC training (induction and reinforce) was conducted for the healthcare personnel (HCP) and practices were monitored by direct observation and closed-circuit television. Cleaning audits were performed by visual inspection, review of the checklists and qualitative assessment of the viewpoints of the HCP was carried out by the feedbacks received at the end of the training sessions. A total of 2552 HCP and 548 medical students were trained in IPC through multiple offline/onsite sessions over a period of 15 months during the ongoing pandemic. Although the overall compliance to surface disinfection and cleaning increased from 50% to >80% with repeated training, compliance decreased whenever newly recruited HCP were posted. Fear psychosis in the pandemic was the greatest facilitator for adopting the IPC practices. Continuous wearing of personal protective equipment for long duration, dissatisfaction with the duty rosters as well as continuous posting in high-risk areas were the major obstacles to the implementation of IPC norms. Recognising the role of an infection control team, repeated training, monitoring and improvisation of the existing resources are keys for successful implementation of IPC practices in hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic. © 2022 Das et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Metal Organic Frameworks Based Nanomaterial: Synthesis and Applications; Removal of Heavy Metal Ions from Waste Water
(Springer Nature, 2022) Ravindra Singh; Rama Kanwar Khangarot; Ajay Kumar Singh; Kamlesh Kumar
Heavy metals in the water are a global environmental issue. Heavy metals in the wastewater are increasing day by day which is mainly caused by various industrial effluents. Heavy metal ions including, Cadmium (II), Arsenic (III and V), Chromium (III and VI), Copper (II), Lead (II), and Mercury (II) are accumulated readily in the environment. It has been created a lot of serious problem to the human health. Thus, removal of heavy metals from the wastewater is one of the major challenges for the scientific community. Various techniques and materials have been developed for removal of heavy metals from the waste water. Recently, Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) based nanomaterial has been synthesized and used for removal of heavy metal ions from waste water. Electrochemical, photochemical energy conversion and storage, biomedical imaging, drug delivery and catalysis, have been investigated. Its unique characteristic properties are accountable for the waste water treatment like easily synthesizable, various size cavities with different-different functional group, surface functional groups, various functionality where host–guest interaction takes place and high surface area which responsible for high absorption capacity. In this chapter, the attention is given to understand the synthesis, chemistry of MOF based nano-composites and its various applications especially, and removal of heavy metals from waste water has been discussed. It is expected that this chapter can be helpful to understand the synthesis of MOF-based nano-materials and its application towards the elimination of heavy metal ions from waste water. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
Modeling of shear horizontal waves propagation in magneto-electro-elastic substrate loaded with complex conductive fluid
(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2024) Ravindra Singh; Surendra Prasad
In this study, the dissipation and dispersion of shear horizontal (SH) wave in magneto-electro-elastic (MEE) materials overlying an elastic half-space loaded with a complex conductive fluid have been investigated. The complex dispersive relation of SH waves for magnetic short and magnetic open cases has been derived using an exact analytical approach. The derived dispersive relations have been theoretically and graphically validated against previous work. The study explores the impact of geometrical parameters, frequency, conductivity, and permittivity of the complex conductive fluid on the phase velocity and attenuation of SH waves. © 2024 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Modelling and optimization of TiO2based two- dimensional photonic crystal for salinity detection in water
(Elsevier GmbH, 2025) Priyanka Yadav; Ravindra Singh; Ram Narayan; Surendra Prasad
In this article, we have presented a computational analysis of two-dimensional photonic crystals (2D- PCs) having circular and elliptical waveguide structures inside aTiO2 host material for the salinity detection in the water. The band structure of the proposed 2D- PCs has been optimized for better salinity detection based on the number of circular and elliptical waveguiding pores taken in the PCs structure and changes in the radius of circular pores and for different major-minor axis of elliptical pores. The electric field profiles corresponding to these structures have also been plotted. The salinity detection sensitivity is calculated by computing the change in transmittance (∆Tn1.333−n1.35) corresponding to changes in refractive indices due to salinity in water. It is observed that maximum sensitivity is obtained corresponding to refractive indices, n1.333,n1.35 which is equal to 0.9198 in the circular pore in the 2D-PCs structure. For the elliptical pore, the sensitivity is 0.8679. © 2024 Elsevier GmbH
Modulation of hybrid plasmon phonon polaritons mode in circular cylindrical three-layer graphene waveguide
(Elsevier GmbH, 2024) Ramnarayan; Ravindra Singh; Priyanka Yadav; Yogesh Sharma; Surendra Prasad
In this present research article, we have investigated analytically the characteristics of the fundamental mode of hybrid surface plasmon phonon polariton (HSPPhPs) mode in a circular cylindrical three-layer graphene (CTLG) waveguide structure. The dispersion equation of HSPPhPs is derived by using Maxwell's equations and continuity conditions of tangential components of electric and magnetic fields in cylindrical geometry. The dispersion curve has been illustrated and thoroughly examined in relation to the effects of temperature and chemical potential (μc) of graphene, as well as variations in the thickness of silicon dioxide (SiO2) and hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) layers, and found that in the presence of hBN, the effective mode index exhibits hyperbolic behavior with wave number. Up to the first Reststrahlen band (∼830.57 cm⁻¹), it varies slightly with graphene temperature; increasing graphene's (μc) lowers the index, while a thicker hBN layer reduces it, whereas the index increases with SiO₂ layer thickness. Also, we looked at how the CTLG waveguide structure is affected by the electric field distribution, phase speed, and propagation length. © 2024 Elsevier GmbH
Pullout strength of misplaced pedicle screws in the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae - A cadaveric study
(2013) Shyam Saraf; Ravindra Singh; Vakil Singh; Ashish Varma
Background: The objective of this cadaveric study was to analyze the effects of iatrogenic pedicle perforations from screw misplacement on the mean pullout strength of lower thoracic and lumbar pedicle screws. We also investigated the effect of bone mineral density (BMD), diameter of pedicle screws, and the region of spine on the pullout strength of pedicle screws. Materials and Methods: Sixty fresh human cadaveric vertebrae (D10-L2) were harvested. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan of vertebrae was done for BMD. Titanium pedicle screws of different diameters (5.2 and 6.2 mm) were inserted in the thoracic and lumbar segments after dividing the specimens into three groups: a) standard pedicle screw (no cortical perforation); b) screw with medial cortical perforation; and c) screw with lateral cortical perforation. Finally, pullout load of pedicle screws was recorded using INSTRON Universal Testing Machine. Results: Compared with standard placement, medially misplaced screws had 9.4% greater mean pullout strength and laterally misplaced screws had 47.3% lesser mean pullout strength. The pullout strength of the 6.2 mm pedicle screws was 33% greater than that of the 5.2 mm pedicle screws. The pullout load of pedicle screws in lumbar vertebra was 13.9% greater than that in the thoracic vertebra ( P = 0.105), but it was not statistically significant. There was no significant difference between pullout loads of vertebra with different BMD ( P = 0.901). Conclusion: The mean pullout strength was less with lateral misplaced pedicle screws while medial misplaced pedicle screw had more pullout strength. The pullout load of 6.2 mm screws was greater than that of 5.2 mm pedicle screws. No significant correlation was found between bone mineral densities and the pullout strength of vertebra. Similarly, the pullout load of screw placed in thoracic and lumbar vertebrae was not significantly different.
Reservoir of Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in the Hospital Environment and Colonization Pressure: A Surveillance-Based Study in Indian Intensive Care Unit
(Mary Ann Liebert Inc., 2022) Swati Sharma; Arghya Das; Rahul Garg; Sangita Pramanik; Pooja Marndi; Ravindra Singh; Tuhina Banerjee; Ghanshyam Yadav; Ashok Kumar
The endemicity of Acinetobacter baumannii in intensive care units (ICUs) is a serious concern. We studied the reservoirs of A. baumannii in the ICU and their effects on colonization pressure and transmission. A prospective surveillance (6 months) was conducted. Screening culture (rectal and axillary) swabs were collected within 48 hours admission and in 120 hours. Surveillance cultures from patients' surroundings, health care workers (HCWs), and hospital sewage were collected. A. baumannii was identified by phenotypic and genotypic methods. Carbapenem resistance and insertion sequence element were detected. Typing was done by repetitive extragenic palindromic-polymerase chain reaction and multilocus sequence typing. Colonization pressure was calculated and compared with environment colonizers. Of the 87 patients, 21.83% (19) were colonized with A. baumannii, 73.68% (14/19) were imported, and 26.31% (5/19) acquired carriers. Axilla was the commonest site. From the environment (15), bed rails 33.33% (5/15) and suction tubes 26.66% (4/15) were the common sites. HCWs showed 7.5% (3/40) carriage. Carbapenem resistance with blaOXA-51, blaOXA-23, and ISAba1 were 91.89% (34/37). Strong correlation between colonization pressures and environmental colonizers was seen (r2 = 0.719, p = 0.032). Carbapenem and polymyxin B were (p ≤ 0.05) significant exposures. Sequence type 623 was the predominant cluster with isolates from carriers, HCWs, and environment. Colonization pressure of carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii depends on their presence in the hospital. Hands of HCWs were an important vehicle for transmission. Infection control measure should consider reducing the environmental reservoir. © Copyright 2022, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishers 2022.
Shear horizontal wave dispersion in two phase magneto-electro-elastic material loaded with viscoelastic fluid layer
(Institute of Physics, 2024) Ravindra Singh; Surendra Prasad
In the present work, an exact analytical approach has been used to study the dispersive behavior of the shear horizontal (SH) wave in magneto-electro-elastic (MEE) material loaded with a viscoelastic fluid. Complex dispersion equations are derived in the cases of electric short magnetic short (ESMS), electric short magnetic open (ESMO), electric open magnetic short (EOMS), and electric open magnetic open (EOMO) boundary conditions by solving the equilibrium equations of MEE material and the Stokes equation of viscoelastic fluid. To validate the present outcomes, the MEE material is changed into piezoelectric and piezomagnetic materials by taking some theoretical assumptions and the outcomes are matched with preexisting results. Effect of volume fraction, wave frequency, substrate thickness and thickness of the fluid layer on phase velocity and attenuation of SH wave have studied. This study may find its applications in better understanding of the surface acoustic wave devices incorporated with viscoelastic fluid layer. © 2024 IOP Publishing Ltd.
The adverse impact of chemo-radiotherapy on the quality of life of oral cancer patients: A review
(Elsevier Ltd, 2024) Rishima Bhutani; Ravindra Singh; Anushka Mishra; Priya Baluni
Oral cancer as well as other Head and Neck cancer (HNC) patients face adverse effects because of the range of treatment and the possibility of treatment-related toxicity. This includes complications like skin desquamation, depression, mucositis, nausea and vomiting. It negatively impacts the Quality of life (QoL) of HNC patients post-treatment. The goal of this study was to conduct a literature review on the occurrence of various difficulties, such as nutrition, functional status, psychological well-being and decreased QoL in post-chemoradiotherapy in head and neck cancer survivors, specifically oral cancer survivors. Databases like Google Search, Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and ScienceDirect were searched with keywords such as ‘Chemoradiotherapy’, ‘Chemotherapy’, ‘Radiotherapy’, ‘Oral cancer’ ‘Head and Neck Cancer’ and ‘QoL’ ‘Quality of life’. 30 research papers fulfilled the criteria of focusing on Oral cancer and HNC patients. The head and neck carcinomas are close to various bodily structures involved in vital physiological and social activities components. Thereupon the collateral damage commonly associated with disease treatment affects essential bodily functions and can have adverse consequences on the QoL of the patients. Patients receiving concurrent chemoradiotherapy experience such substantial side effects that it hampers their ability to finish their treatment cycle without pauses or dose modifications. Therefore, it is essential to monitor and prevent such effects from CRT. Psychological interventions, palliative care and other such efforts can help improve the QoL of Oral cancer patients. © 2024 The Authors
The impact of emotional distress on suicidal ideation in head and neck cancer patients: A review
(Elsevier Ltd, 2024) Priya Baluni; Ravindra Singh; Rishima Bhutani; Anushka Mishra
Suicide is a notable cause of mortality worldwide, with cancer patients having almost double the rate of suicide deaths compared to the general US population. Living with head and neck cancer is psychologically and emotionally distressing for the patient. Effects of treatment such as ingestion impairment, communication impediment, aesthetic compromise, and hindrance to breathing all contribute to their emotional distress. This review aims to investigate the impact of emotional distress and suicidal ideation in Head and Neck Cancer patients. Empirical studies as well as review papers were utilized to gather relevant information from databases such as Google Search, Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect. The following search terms were used; ‘Emotional Distress’, ‘Psychological Response’, ‘Emotional Response’, ‘Suicide’, ‘Suicide in Cancer’, and ‘Suicidal thoughts in Head and Neck Cancer'. 30 articles matching the theme of our review were considered for data synthesis. The findings of the previous studies reveal a strong positive correlation between emotional distress and suicidal ideation in Head and Neck cancer. In addition to the existing findings, emotional distress was also correlated with poor quality of life and physical symptoms. In conclusion, the treatment of cancer-associated distress is equally crucial as the treatment of the physical illness. Moreover, emotional support can significantly reduce the level of emotional distress and suicidal ideation and elevate the chances of speedy recovery in those patients. Future research must address the psychological demands of Head and Neck cancer patients and offer an effective therapeutic intervention. © 2024 The Authors
The propagation behavior of SH surface wave in a semi-infinite magneto-electro-elastic solid with the periodically gold strips
(Elsevier Ltd, 2023) Ravindra Singh; Surendra Prasad
This article theoretically investigates the propagation of shear horizontal (SH) surface wave in the periodically deposited gold strips separated by vacuum on the magneto-electro-elastic (MEE) substrate. Using field analysis theory based on Bloch-Floquet theorem and electromagnetic open boundary conditions, dispersion equations are derived. The MEE composite is comprised of 80% PZT4 and 20% CoFe2O4. The dispersion, wave mode shape, electric and magnetic potentials are being modelled and computed for the SH wave on the MEE substrate. It is observed that the bandgap occurs at resonance when the wavelength of the SH wave matches with periodicity of the grating. The width of the bandgap can be increased or decreased by increasing the strip height to periodicity ratio. It is found that the gold grating on the surface of MEE substrate can traps the SH wave by slowing down the wave when the wave number is less or equal to wave number at the resonance condition. It is observed that above the resonance condition, SH wave shows supersonic behavior where the phase velocity of SH wave is greater than the surface wave velocity. The trapping and supersonic behavior of SH wave are more pronounced as the strip height to grating periodicity ratio increases. As the strip height to periodicity ratio increases, the wave trapping is enhanced and the leakage of wave energy in the substrate is reduced. The results are relevant to design the surface acoustic wave devices. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd