Browsing by Author "Ravish Chatrath"

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Correction to: Strategic crossing of biomass and harvest index—source and sink—achieves genetic gains in wheat (Euphytica, (2017), 213, 257, 10.1007/s10681-017-2040-z)
(Springer Netherlands, 2018) Matthew P. Reynolds; Alistair J. D. Pask; William J. E. Hoppitt; Kai Sonder; Sivakumar Sukumaran; Gemma Molero; Carolina Saint Pierre; Thomas Payne; Ravi P. Singh; Hans J. Braun; Fernanda G. Gonzalez; Ignacio I. Terrile; Naresh C. D. Barma; Abdul Hakim; Zhonghu He; Zheru Fan; Dario Novoselovic; Maher Maghraby; Khaled I. M. Gad; ElHusseiny G. Galal; Adel Hagras; Mohamed M. Mohamed; Abdul Fatah A. Morad; Uttam Kumar; Gyanendra P. Singh; Rudra Naik; Ishwar K. Kalappanavar; Suma Biradar; Sakuru V. Sai Prasad; Ravish Chatrath; Indu Sharma; Kishor Panchabhai; Virinder S. Sohu; Gurvinder S. Mavi; Vinod K. Mishra; Arun Balasubramaniam; Mohammad R. Jalal-Kamali; Manoochehr Khodarahmi; Manoochehr Dastfal; Seyed M. Tabib-Ghaffari; Jabbar Jafarby; Ahmad R. Nikzad; Hossein Akbari Moghaddam; Hassan Ghojogh; Asghar Mehraban; Ernesto Solís-Moya; Miguel A. Camacho-Casas; Pedro Figueroa-López; Javier Ireta-Moreno; Jorge I. Alvarado-Padilla; Alberto Borbón-Gracia; Araceli Torres; Yei Nayeli Quiche; Shesh R. Upadhyay; Deepak Pandey; Muhammad Imtiaz; Monsif U. Rehman; Manzoor Hussain; Makhdoom Hussain; Riaz Ud-Din; Maqsood Qamar; Muhammad Sohail; Muhammad Y. Mujahid; Gulzar Ahmad; Abdul J. Khan; Mahboob A. Sial; Pompiliu Mustatea; Eben von Well; Moses Ncala; Stephan de Groot; Abdelraheem H. A. Hussein; Izzat S. A. Tahir; Amani A. M. Idris; Hala M. M. Elamein; Yann Manes; Arun K. Joshi
The original article was corrected. Author Muhammad Kundi should instead read: Muhammad Sohail. © 2017, Springer Science+Business Media B.V., part of Springer Nature.
Genetic dissection of grain zinc concentration in spring wheat for mainstreaming biofortification in CIMMYT wheat breeding
(Nature Publishing Group, 2018) Govindan Velu; Ravi Prakash Singh; Leonardo Crespo-Herrera; Philomin Juliana; Susanne Dreisigacker; Ravi Valluru; James Stangoulis; Virinder Singh Sohu; Gurvinder Singh Mavi; Vinod Kumar Mishra; Arun Balasubramaniam; Ravish Chatrath; Vikas Gupta; Gyanendra Pratap Singh; Arun Kumar Joshi
Wheat is an important staple that acts as a primary source of dietary energy, protein, and essential micronutrients such as iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) for the world’s population. Approximately two billion people suffer from micronutrient deficiency, thus breeders have crossed high Zn progenitors such as synthetic hexaploid wheat, T. dicoccum, T. spelta, and landraces to generate wheat varieties with competitive yield and enhanced grain Zn that are being adopted by farmers in South Asia. Here we report a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using the wheat Illumina iSelect 90 K Infinitum SNP array to characterize grain Zn concentrations in 330 bread wheat lines. Grain Zn phenotype of this HarvestPlus Association Mapping (HPAM) panel was evaluated across a range of environments in India and Mexico. GWAS analysis revealed 39 marker-trait associations for grain Zn. Two larger effect QTL regions were found on chromosomes 2 and 7. Candidate genes (among them zinc finger motif of transcription-factors and metal-ion binding genes) were associated with the QTL. The linked markers and associated candidate genes identified in this study are being validated in new biparental mapping populations for marker-assisted breeding. © 2018, The Author(s).
Genomic prediction for grain zinc and iron concentrations in spring wheat
(Springer Verlag, 2016) Govindan Velu; Jose Crossa; Ravi P. Singh; Yuanfeng Hao; Susanne Dreisigacker; Paulino Perez-Rodriguez; Arun K. Joshi; Ravish Chatrath; Vikas Gupta; Arun Balasubramaniam; Chhavi Tiwari; Vinod K. Mishra; Virinder Singh Sohu; Gurvinder Singh Mavi
Key message: Predictability estimated through cross-validation approach showed moderate to high level; hence, genomic selection approach holds great potential for biofortification breeding to enhance grain zinc and iron concentrations in wheat. Abstract: Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a major staple crop, providing 20 % of dietary energy and protein consumption worldwide. It is an important source of mineral micronutrients such as zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe) for resource poor consumers. Genomic selection (GS) approaches have great potential to accelerate development of Fe- and Zn-enriched wheat. Here, we present the results of large-scale genomic and phenotypic data from the HarvestPlus Association Mapping (HPAM) panel consisting of 330 diverse wheat lines to perform genomic predictions for grain Zn (GZnC) and Fe (GFeC) concentrations, thousand-kernel weight (TKW) and days to maturity (DTM) in wheat. The HPAM lines were phenotyped in three different locations in India and Mexico in two successive crop seasons (2011–12 and 2012–13) for GZnC, GFeC, TKW and DTM. The genomic prediction models revealed that the estimated prediction abilities ranged from 0.331 to 0.694 for Zn and from 0.324 to 0.734 for Fe according to different environments, whereas prediction abilities for TKW and DTM were as high as 0.76 and 0.64, respectively, suggesting that GS holds great potential in biofortification breeding to enhance grain Zn and Fe concentrations in bread wheat germplasm. © 2016, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
Potential of biofortified wheat to alleviate hidden hunger
(Elsevier, 2020) Parminder Virk; Meike Anderson; Jairo Arcos; Binu Cherian; Govindan Velu; Ravish Chatrath; Virinder S. Sohu; Vinod K. Mishra; Wolfgang Pfeiffer
Micronutrient deficiency affects more than 2 billion individuals globally. It reduces adult health and productivity, inhibits children from reaching their full growth and development potential. As a consequence of malnutrition, as many as 38.4% of the children (<5 years of age) are stunted and 35.7% are underweight in India. Zinc deficiency caused by inadequate daily intake is one of the major reasons for stunting. It has been estimated that 66% of working Indians earn less because of the lasting effects of childhood stunting. Malnutrition continues to be a serious problem in India, which is not only a consequence of poverty but also a cause of poverty. Annually, India loses over $12 billion in GDP due to vitamin and/or mineral deficiencies. Because of affordability, access, and acceptability issues, ongoing interventions such as dietary diversification, supplementation, and commercial food fortification have had limited impact on malnutrition reduction. Recently, a multidisciplinary, sustainable, and cost-effective strategy dubbed as “Biofortification-breeding of staple crops for micronutrients” was proposed. Biofortification complements the ongoing interventions and brings together agriculture and nutrition sciences to address hidden hunger. HarvestPlus is a CGIAR Challenge program convened by IFPRI pioneered biofortification. Biofortification is found to be highly cost-effective strategy to alleviate hidden hunger. It is estimated that every $1 invested in biofortification offers benefits worth $17. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the major staple after rice for providing the bulk of food calories and dietary energy and protein in India; thus it is essential to improve its nutritional quality. Development and dissemination of wheat varieties with genetically enhanced levels of grain Zn offer a cost-effective and sustainable solution to address hidden hunger. HarvestPlus partnered with CIMMYT and national wheat breeding programs in India to develop and disseminate high-zinc wheat varieties. Two biofortified high-zinc varieties have been released for cultivation in NWPZ and four CIMMYT lines commercialized as TL seed. Additionally, three high-zinc wheat varieties have been released by ICAR-IIWBR for various wheat growing regions in India. To scale out, investment commitment in crop breeding both in public and in private sector and integration of biofortified varieties into the Public Distribution, Mid-Day Meal Schemes, seed subsidy, preferential MSP, aggregation of wheat grain, and identity preservations and so on are warranted. © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Strategic crossing of biomass and harvest index—source and sink—achieves genetic gains in wheat
(Springer Netherlands, 2017) Matthew P. Reynolds; Alistair J. D. Pask; William J. E. Hoppitt; Kai Sonder; Sivakumar Sukumaran; Gemma Molero; Carolina Saint Pierre; Thomas Payne; Ravi P. Singh; Hans J. Braun; Fernanda G. Gonzalez; Ignacio I. Terrile; Naresh C. D. Barma; Abdul Hakim; Zhonghu He; Zheru Fan; Dario Novoselovic; Maher Maghraby; Khaled I. M. Gad; El.Husseiny.G. Galal; Adel Hagras; Mohamed M. Mohamed; Abdul Fatah A. Morad; Uttam Kumar; Gyanendra P. Singh; Rudra Naik; Ishwar K. Kalappanavar; Suma Biradar; Sakuru V. Sai Prasad; Ravish Chatrath; Indu Sharma; Kishor Panchabhai; Virinder S. Sohu; Gurvinder S. Mavi; Vinod K. Mishra; Arun Balasubramaniam; Mohammad R. Jalal-Kamali; Manoochehr Khodarahmi; Manoochehr Dastfal; Seyed M. Tabib-Ghaffari; Jabbar Jafarby; Ahmad R. Nikzad; Hossein Akbari Moghaddam; Hassan Ghojogh; Asghar Mehraban; Ernesto Solís-Moya; Miguel A. Camacho-Casas; Pedro Figueroa-López; Javier Ireta-Moreno; Jorge I. Alvarado-Padilla; Alberto Borbón-Gracia; Araceli Torres; Yei Nayeli Quiche; Shesh R. Upadhyay; Deepak Pandey; Muhammad Imtiaz; Monsif U. Rehman; Manzoor Hussain; Makhdoom Hussain; Riaz Ud-Din; Maqsood Qamar; Muhammad Kundi; Muhammad Y. Mujahid; Gulzar Ahmad; Abdul J. Khan; Mahboob A. Sial; Pompiliu Mustatea; Eben von Well; Moses Ncala; Stephan de Groot; Abdelraheem H. A. Hussein; Izzat S. A. Tahir; Amani A. M. Idris; Hala M. M. Elamein; Yann Manes; Arun K. Joshi
To accelerate genetic gains in breeding, physiological trait (PT) characterization of candidate parents can help make more strategic crosses, increasing the probability of accumulating favorable alleles compared to crossing relatively uncharacterized lines. In this study, crosses were designed to complement “source” with “sink” traits, where at least one parent was selected for favorable expression of biomass and/or radiation use efficiency—source—and the other for sink-related traits like harvest-index, kernel weight and grains per spike. Female parents were selected from among genetic resources—including landraces and products of wide-crossing (i.e. synthetic wheat)—that had been evaluated in Mexico at high yield potential or under heat stress, while elite lines were used as males. Progeny of crosses were advanced to the F4 generation within Mexico, and F4-derived F5 and F6 generations were yield tested to populate four international nurseries, targeted to high yield environments (2nd and 3rd WYCYT) for yield potential, and heat stressed environments (2nd and 4th SATYN) for climate resilience, respectively. Each nursery was grown as multi-location yield trials. Genetic gains were achieved in both temperate and hot environments, with most new PT-derived lines expressing superior yield and biomass compared to local checks at almost all international sites. Furthermore, the tendency across all four nurseries indicated either the superiority of the best new PT lines compared with the CIMMYT elite checks, or the superiority of all new PT lines as a group compared with all checks, and in some cases, both. Results support—in a realistic breeding context—the hypothesis that yield and radiation use efficiency can be increased by improving source:sink balance, and validate the feasibility of incorporating exotic germplasm into mainstream breeding efforts to accelerate genetic gains for yield potential and climate resilience. © 2017, The Author(s).