Browsing by Author "Renu Bhatt"

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Ameliorating effects of chicken feathers in plant growth promotion activity by a keratinolytic strain of Bacillus subtilis PF1
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2016) Khushboo Bhange; Venkatesh Chaturvedi; Renu Bhatt
Background: Feathers are the major byproducts of poultry industry and considered as waste. Feathers (composed of protein keratin) are metabolized by a number of microorganisms as a source of carbon and nitrogen. Degradation of feathers results in production of amino acids and peptides, which can be employed as precursors for plant growth-promoting metabolites such as indole acetic acid, ammonia and HCN. The aim of the present investigation was to assess the influence of these metabolites (termed as feather protein hydrolysate) on plant growth promotion activity of keratinolytic bacterial strain Bacillus subtilis PF1. Results: Strain PF1 exhibits potent keratinolytic activity and can efficiently degrade 10 g/l chicken feathers under submerged cultivation with 81.4 ± 4.40 U/ml keratinase activity. Different concentrations of feathers supported the production of indole acetic acid by strain PF1. Strain PF1 produces maximum indole acetic acid (46.2 ± 0.21 µg/ml) in the presence of 2.0 % feathers at 120 h of incubation. The indole acetic acid production was confirmed by thin-layer chromatography and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analysis. However, increased concentration of feathers exhibited negative effect on phosphate solubilization due to increased alkalinity. HCN production also exhibited positive correlation with concentration of feathers. Finally, plant growth of Vigna radiata in the presence of strain PF1 with chicken feathers in soil was investigated, which showed good plant growth promotion activity. Increased ratio of C/N in soil also supported the plant growth promotion activity of feathers. Conclusion: Feather degradation property of B. subtilis PF1 could be efficiently utilized for feather waste management. The metabolites released by feather degradation along with strain PF1 could be successfully employed as an economic source of nitrogen fertilizers for plants. © 2016, Bhange et al.
Biodetoxification of high amounts of malachite green by a multifunctional strain of Pseudomonas mendocina and its ability to metabolize dye adsorbed chicken feathers
(2013) Venkatesh Chaturvedi; Khushboo Bhange; Renu Bhatt; Pradeep Verma
Malachite green (MG) is a highly toxic, and recalcitrant tri-phenyl methane dye, which can be adsorbed on surface of chicken feathers, a non toxic poultry waste. This interaction can affect metabolism of chicken feathers by microbes in the environment. In this study, decolorization/degradation of MG and metabolism of MG adsorbed chicken feathers by Pseudomonas mendocina strain PM2 has been evaluated. Decolorization of different concentrations of MG by strain PM2 was studied. Degradation of MG was studied by UV-vis/FTIR analysis. Enzyme activities of selected enzymes were evaluated in order to ascertain their role in MG degradation. Microbial/phytotoxocity studies on MG and its degraded metabolites were carried out to confirm detoxification of MG after degradation. MG was adsorbed on surface of chicken feathers and its toxicity on strain PM2 and MG sensitive strain of Bacillus subtilis MTCC 441 was evaluated. Metabolism of native and MG adsorbed chicken feathers by strain PM2 and MTCC 441 was studied. Results showed that strain PM2 could decolorize up to 1800 mg/L MG. UV-vis/FTIR studies indicated degradation of MG by strain PM2. Assay of enzyme activity indicated involvement of MG reductase, lignin peroxidase and manganese peroxidase during degradation. Microbial/phytotoxicity study confirmed biodetoxification of MG after degradation. MG adsorbed chicken feathers were toxic to MTCC 441 and non toxic to strain PM2. Further, strain PM2 was able to metabolize MG adsorbed chicken feathers whereas MTCC 441 could not metabolize MG adsorbed chicken feathers. This study clearly indicates that MG adsorbed chicken feathers are difficult to be metabolized by MG sensitive strains. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Feather degradation potential of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia KB13 and feather protein hydrolysate (FPH) mediated reduction of hexavalent chromium
(Springer Verlag, 2016) Khushboo Bhange; Venkatesh Chaturvedi; Renu Bhatt
An efficient keratinolytic strain of Stenorophomonas maltophilia KB13 was isolated from feather disposal site of Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India. The strain could metabolize 10 g/l chicken feathers as sole source of carbon and nitrogen. Soluble protein, amino acid, and cysteine content were found to be maximum (690.6 ± 8.7, 688.9 ± 9.12 and 21 ± 0.36 µg/ml, respectively) at late logarithmic phase of growth. Protease and keratinase activity reached its maximum level (103.26 ± 7.09 and 178.5 ± 9.10 U/ml) at the 4th day of incubation. The feather protein hydrolysate (FPH) obtained after degradation of chicken feathers was utilized to reduce hexavalent chromium. About 78.4 ± 2.4 and 63.6 ± 2.2 % reduction of 50 and 100 mg/l Cr(VI), respectively, was observed after 60 min of incubation with FPH. Further, there was no effect of autoclaved FPH on Cr(VI) reduction indicating that any bacterial enzyme was not involved in reduction process. Cr(VI) reduction was significantly inhibited by 10 mm Hg2+ ions indicating the role of sulfur-containing amino acids in reduction process. FTIR analysis confirmed that chromium reduction occurred due to oxidation of amino acids cysteine and cystine. This study shows that FPH arising after feather degradation can be employed as a potential candidate for the reduction of hexavalant chromium. © 2016, The Author(s).
Phase relation of neurotransmitter affecting drugs (5-HTP and L-DOPA) alters photo-sexual response (scotosensitive and scotorefractory) in Japanese quail
(Triveni Enterprises, 1998) Renu Bhatt; C.M. Chaturvedi
To understand the effect of temporal phase relation of circadian serotonergic and dopaminergic activity on the short day (LD 6 : 18) response of Japanese quail, 5-hydroxytryptophan (Serotonin precursor, 5-HTP) and L- dihydroxyphenylalanine (Dopamine precursor, L-DOPA) were administered daily in six different relationships (0, 4, 8, 12 16 and 20hr). After the initial period of sexual quiescence (Scotosensitivity), quail of the control as well as all the treated groups exhibited sexual development i.e. scotorefractoriness (increase in gonadal activity and cloacal gland size). Thereafter, while quail of 0 and 4hr groups remained reproductively stimulated other groups showed regression. Obviously 0 and 4 hr relation between the administration of two neurotransmitter precursor drugs eliminated reoccurrence of scotosensitivity and maintained continuous breeding condition (scotorefractoriness). These findings suggest that Japanese quail exhibits gonadal cyclicity even under constant short days and this endogenous cycle may be altered by specific phase relation of circadian serotonergic and dopaminergic activities.
Potential biofilm dispersal by a partially purified keratinase produced by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strain Kb2
(Elsevier Ltd, 2015) Khushboo Bhange; Venkatesh Chaturvedi; Renu Bhatt
Biofilm dispersal and antibiofilm activity of the keratinase produced by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Kb2 was studied against pathogenic bacteria Staphylococcus aureus MTCC-96 and Escherichia coli MTCC-739. The quantitative estimation of biofilm dispersal showed a positive correlation with the concentration of keratinase and biofilm dispersal in both the strains. The dispersal was further confirmed by the microscopic observation of keratinase treated biofilm. Among the two isolates, biofilm dispersal activity of keratinase was more pronounced in S. aureus as compared to E. coli. Inhibition of biofilm formation was observed in both the strains in presence of keratinase and a dose dependent relationship between keratinase concentration and antibiofilm activity was observed. Time course study revealed that with the increasing time duration antibiofilm and biofilm dispersal activity of keratinase decreased. The study would open new avenues in medical field for the removal of biofilms from obstructing indwelling catheters and other medical devices. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd.
Production of kertinases using chicken feathers as substrate by a novel multifunctional strain of Pseudomonas stutzeri and its dehairing application
(2014) Venkatesh Chaturvedi; Khusboo Bhange; Renu Bhatt; Pradeep Verma
In this study, keratinolytic potential of a Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) degrading strain of Pseudomonas stutzeri strain K4 was evaluated. Strain K4 completely metabolized 1% (w/v) chicken feathers after 72h of incubation with production of 784.2μg/ml of soluble protein and 42U/ml of keratinase. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis of chicken feathers indicated damage on the surface of feathers. Activity staining for keratinase showed presence of five keratinases (26-76kDa) during growth with chicken feathers. Optimum pH and temperature for crude keratinase was found to be pH-8 and 40°C respectively. Crude keratinase showed activation in presence of metal ions such as Mg2+ (39%), Mn2+ (28%), Na+ (20.8%), solvents such as isopropanol (30.7%), glycerol (28.2%), reducing agents such as β- mercaptoethanol (70%), chelating agents such as EDTA (25.3%) and anionic detergent SDS (37.8%), respectively. Crude keratinases showed high substrate specificity for keratin and chicken feathers, low specificity for collagen and hair, respectively. Dehairing of goat skin by employing crude ketainase preparation (40U/ml) indicated complete dehairing after 20h of incubation. Enzymatic dehairing was superior over chemical dehairing, as no damage to skin and hairs were observed. This is the first report of a novel strain of P. stutzeri exhibiting excellent dehairing activity; results indicate that purification of keratinases prior to dehairing was not required. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.
Simultaneous production of detergent stable keratinolytic protease, amylase and biosurfactant by Bacillus subtilis PF1 using agro industrial waste
(Elsevier B.V., 2016) Khushboo Bhange; Venkatesh Chaturvedi; Renu Bhatt
The present study is an attempt to optimize simultaneous production of keratinolytic protease, amylase and biosurfactant from feather meal, potato peel and rape seed cake in a single media by response surface methodology to evaluate their biochemical properties for detergent additive. The optimization was carried out using 20 run, 3 factor and 5-level of central composite design on design expert software which resulted in a 1.2, 0.84 and 2.28 fold increase in protease, amylase and biosurfactant production. The proteolytic activity was found to be optimum at pH 9.0 and 60°C while optimum amylolytic activity was recorded at pH 6.0 and 70°C respectively. Both enzymes were found to be stable in the presence of organic solvents, ionic and commercial detergent and oxidizing agents. The biosurfactant was extracted with chloroform and was found to be stable at varying pH and temperature; however a reduction in the activity was observed at temperature higher than 70°C. The isolated enzymes and biosurfactants may find applications in the effective removal of stains. © 2016 The Author.
Statistical optimization and prediction of significant nutritional factors for keratinase production by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Kb2 and its application as dehairing agent
(Elsevier Ltd, 2023) Khushboo Bhange; Abhigyan Nath; Neha Singh; Venkatesh Chaturvedi; Renu Bhatt
In the present study, the production of keratinase from Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strain Kb2 was optimised. Plackett-Burman Design (PBD) followed by Central Composite Design (CCD) were used for the determination of significant variables for keratinase synthesis, and the concentration of three variables—feather meal (FM), starch, and MgSO4—were optimised for higher keratinase production. Further an interaction of the selected variables, Partial Least Square Regression (PSLR) analysis was performed. Optimised culture medium led to maximum keratinase activity of 70.8 ± 3.9 U/ml after 24 h of growth, which was 4.91 fold higher than the keratinase obtained from un-optimised media. The keratinase yield was very close to the real projected value. The statistical and multivariate analysis assisted in maximising the keratinase production. Further, crude keratinase was studied for its utilization as a dehairing agent. The results of the present study clearly showed enhanced production of keratinase by employing PBD and CCD followed by the PSLR approach. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd
Variation in Antioxidative Potential of Processed and Unprocessed Honey samples from Central India. A plausible role of Quinolin and Gallic acid as antioxidants
(Association of Biotechnology and Pharmacy, 2014) Venkatesh Chaturvedi; Maya Vaishnaw; Renu Bhatt; Pradeep Verma
Honey is a natural product having high economic importance since ages. Traditional medicine has recognised it as a potent medicine for a variety of ailments. However, only recently modern medicine has recognised its medicinal importance. Many reports have shown that honey exhibits antioxidant, free radical scavenging, anti bacterial and other bioactive properties and these properties depend mostly on the differences attributed to varied regional as well as floral origins of honey samples. The present investigation was carried out to access bioactive properties of different honey samples (processed and unprocessed) belonging to different regions of central India. A comparison was made with flowers of Rosa hybrid (Rose) and Calendula officinalis (Marigold), which were commonly employed by honey bees as a source of nector. The results demonstrated that flowers exhibit maximum antioxidant activity (Marigold-80%, Rose-76.7%) and total phenolic content (Marigold-1105.7mgGAEQ/kg, Rose-1741.3 mgGAEQ/kg) as compared to honey samples. Processed honey samples exhibited a lower antioxidant activity as compared to unprocessed honey samples. Sample G and H, which were unprocessed honey sample showed maximum antioxidant activity 64.5 and 71.8%, and phenolic content-(765.3 and 814.4mgGAEQ/kg). MS analysis showed that Sample G-H contained Quinolin and Gallic acid, which might be responsible for the observed property. It appears that during industrial processing of honey theseconstituents are lost, which leads significant reduction in antioxidant property.