Browsing by Author "Reshu Chauhan"

Now showing 1 - 12 of 12

A consortium of alga (Chlorella vulgaris) and bacterium (Pseudomonas putida) for amelioration of arsenic toxicity in rice: A promising and feasible approach
(Elsevier B.V., 2018) Surabhi Awasthi; Reshu Chauhan; Sanjay Dwivedi; Suchi Srivastava; Sudhakar Srivastava; Rudra Deo Tripathi
In the present study, arsenic (As) toxicity amelioration potential of a consortium of plant growth promoting rhizobacterium (Pseudomonas putida) and alga (Chlorella vulgaris) was evaluated during arsenate (AsV) exposure to rice (Oryza sativa) plants for 15 d. The consortium mediated amelioration of As toxicity was evident through improved growth of rice plants (root and shoot length and biomass) and reduced oxidative stress [as level of superoxide radicals (O2[rad]−), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and membrane damage]. The positive responses were attributable to a significant decline in As accumulation in root (94 mg kg−1 dw) and shoot (51 mg kg−1 dw) in consortium (P. putida + C. vulgaris) inoculated seedlings as compared to As alone exposed plants (156 and 98 mg kg−1 dw, respectively). There were also significant changes in the level of various nutrient elements (Mn, Fe, Co, Zn, Mo and Cu), thiols and in the activities of antioxidant and thiol metabolism enzymes in the consortium inoculated seedlings that allowed the plants to tolerate As stress effectively and achieve better growth. The study demonstrated that consortium of P. putida and C. vulgaris may alleviate As stress and improve growth of rice seedlings along with reduction in As levels. © 2018 Elsevier B.V.
Arsenic Contamination of Groundwater and Its Mitigation Strategies
(Springer Singapore, 2021) Surabhi Awasthi; Reshu Chauhan; Sanjay Dwivedi; Sudhakar Srivastava; Rudra Deo Tripathi
Arsenic contamination of environment is a serious issue that has grown in proportion over the years. Arsenic becomes enriched in groundwater due to several redox and biological processes that has been exacerbated due to human intervention. In India, arsenic contamination is widespread and has been reported from West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Assam, and other states. Arsenic is a highly toxic element and can cause several ailments in humans including cancers. Hence, there is a need to provide safe water to people for drinking purposes and for other daily uses. In this regard, several physicochemical and biological methods are available, which need to be implemented for the purpose. A few of the important low cost and easy methods include precipitation, adsorption, and membrane processes-based filters. Apart from this, biological (bioremediation and phytoremediation) methods have been proposed. The present book chapter gives an overview of arsenic problem and its mitigation strategies. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021.
Biochemical and molecular aspects of arsenic tolerance in plants
(CRC Press, 2017) Preeti Tripathi; Surabhi Awasthi; Reshu Chauhan; Pradyumna Kumar Singh; Sudhakar Srivastava; Rudra Deo Tripathi
Arsenic (As) is a nonessential and toxic element to all forms of life. It exists naturally at high concentrations in the soil and water of some regions of the world, predominantly in Southeast Asia. The use of As-tainted groundwater for irrigation purposes is becoming a serious hazard, causing phytotoxicity to crop plants due to high As accumulation, which poses food chain contamination and health risk to humans. A number of transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic studies have been conducted to unravel the mechanisms responsible for As toxicity and tolerance in plants. The outcome of these studies in the form of mechanistic details of As-plant interaction would be useful in the development of low As accumulating crop plants by maintaining the cellular and genetic veracity of plants in future. This chapter aims to discuss up-to-date knowledge of plant As uptake, speciation, and transport, along with involvement of genetic changes during As stress. © 2018 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Biotechnological strategies for remediation of arsenic-contaminated soils to improve soil health and sustainable agriculture
(Elsevier B.V., 2024) Reshu Chauhan; Surabhi Awasthi; Poonam Tiwari; Munish Kumar Upadhyay; Sudhakar Srivastava; Sanjay Dwivedi; Om Parkash Dhankher; Rudra Deo Tripathi
Soil health is the foundation of sustainable agriculture, and its preservation is paramount in global arsenic (As) contamination challenges. Soil As contamination is a critical issue for environmental and agricultural sustainability. Rapid global urbanization and agricultural and industrial expansion release toxic metal (loid)s including As into the soil. Arsenic contamination disrupts the rhizosphere ecosystem, affecting plant health, microbial communities, and overall soil functionality. Ensuring soil health in the face of As contamination is imperative for human well-being and for developing a resilient, sustainable environment. This review signifies the need for comprehensive strategies to revitalize soil ecosystems, promoting resilience and long-term ecological balance. Advanced biotechnological approaches, particularly bioremediation including phytoremediation, microbial remediation, mycoremediation, nano-remediation, and other integrative strategies, are highlighted for their effectiveness in addressing As contamination and promoting soil health. Conventional physico-chemical techniques make soil unsuitable for agriculture by disrupting the microenvironment. Consequently, the urgent need for remediation of As-contaminated soil demands the adoption of eco-friendly and sustainable approaches, such as bioremediation, phytoremediation, and rhizoremediation, to enhance soil health. Development of transgenic lines and genetically modified organisms are effective tools in reducing the As burden. Bacteria including Sphingomonas desiccabilis, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus idriensis expressing the arsM gene all show promising results to reduce the As burden. Transgenic rice, incorporating the arsM gene from Rhodopseudomonas palustris, demonstrated 10 times more volatile arsenicals and reduced As accumulation in the grain. Additionally, the use of As-hyperaccumulating plants and conventional methods, like chemical-assisted phytoextraction, show potential for decontaminating As- contaminated soil. Future research should explore the contributions of novel biotechnological strategies to enhance soil health in regions affected by As contamination. © 2024
Comprehensive illustration of transcriptomic and proteomic dataset for mitigation of arsenic toxicity in rice (Oryza sativa L.) by microbial consortium
(Elsevier Inc., 2022) Surabhi Awasthi; Reshu Chauhan; Yuvraj Indoliya; Abhishek Singh Chauhan; Shashank Kumar Mishra; Lalit Agrawal; Sanjay Dwivedi; Shiv Naresh Singh; Suchi Srivastava; Poonam C. Singh; Puneet Singh Chauhan; Debasis Chakrabarty; Sudhakar Srivastava; Rudra Deo Tripathi
The present article represents the data for analysis of microbial consortium (P.putida+C.vulgaris) mediated amelioration of arsenic toxicity in rice plant. In the current study the transcriptome profiling of treated rice root and shoot was performed by illumina sequencing (Platform 2000). To process the reads and to analyse differential gene expression, Fastxtoolkit, NGSQCtoolkit, Bowtie 2 (version 2.1.0), Tophat program (version 2.0.8), Cufflinks and Cuffdiff programs were used. For Proteome profiling, total soluble proteins in shoot of rice plant among different treatments were extracted and separated by 2D poly acrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and then proteins were identified with the help of MALDI-TOF/TOF. In gel based method of protein identification, the isoelectric focusing machine (IPGphor system,Bio-Rad USA), gel unit (SDS-PAGE) and MALDI-TOF/TOF (4800 proteomic analyzer Applied Biosystem, USA) were used for successful separation and positive identification of proteins. To check the differential abundance of proteins among different treatments, PDQuest software was used for data analysis. For protein identification, Mascot search engine (http://www.matrixscience.com) using NCBIprot/SwissProt databases of rice was used. The analyzed data inferred comprehensive picture of key genes and their respective proteins involved in microbial consortium mediated improved plant growth and amelioration of As induced phyto-toxicity in rice. For the more comprehensive information of data, the related full-length article entitled “Microbial consortium mediated growth promotion and Arsenic reduction in Rice: An integrated transcriptome and proteome profiling” may be accessed. © 2022
Heavy metal tolerance in crop plants: Physiological and biochemical aspects
(Springer Singapore, 2017) Reshu Chauhan; Surabhi Awasthi; Amit Pal Singh; Sudhakar Srivastava; Veena Pande; Rudra Deo Tripathi; Amit Kumar
Plants are immobile and they have to adapt against adverse conditions of the environment for their survival. Heavy metal (HM) toxicity is posing a serious concern for the plant life and seriously hampering the food grain productivity. Heavy metals include the transition metals essential for plant nutrition as well as the nonessential elements. All these elements become toxic to crop plants when they are present at high tissue concentrations. Elevated concentration of HMs in soil may be due to natural as well as anthropogenic activities. Plants growing in HM-contaminated regions may accumulate a significant amount of these HMs. This paves a way for HMs to enter into food chain posing serious health concerns for animal and human life. A number of morphological, biochemical, and physiological alterations occur during HM toxicity including alteration in uptake mechanism and transportation of water, root and shoot growth, oxidative stress, and changes in HM complexing ligands for sequestration of these HMs into vacuole to reduce the HM concentration in cytoplasm. The present chapter deals with the physiological and biochemical responses of plants to HM toxicity along with shedding light on uptake and transport mechanisms of HMs in brief. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2017.
Microbial consortium mediated growth promotion and Arsenic reduction in Rice: An integrated transcriptome and proteome profiling
(Academic Press, 2021) Surabhi Awasthi; Reshu Chauhan; Yuvraj Indoliya; Abhishek Singh Chauhan; ShashankKumar Mishra; Lalit Agrawal; Sanjay Dwivedi; Shiv Naresh Singh; Suchi Srivastava; Poonam C. Singh; Puneet Singh Chauhan; Debasis Chakrabarty; Sudhakar Srivastava; Rudra Deo Tripathi
The adverse effects of arsenic (As) contamination are well known. Rice is a staple food for 50% of the world population but the accumulation of As into rice hampers the food security and safety. Thus the amelioration of As stress and reduction of As levels in rice are needed. In this study, transcriptome (Illumina sequencing) and proteome (2D gel electrophoresis) explored mechanisms of consortium (P. putida+C. vulgaris) mediated growth promotion and As amelioration in rice. The rice seedlings grown hydroponically in the Hewitt nutrient medium and after acclimatization, exposed to 50 µM As alone as well as with microbial consortium to observe the impact at morphological and molecular level. The inoculation of microbial consortium significantly ameliorated the As toxicity, improved growth of root hairs and maintained cellular integrity of the epidermis, exodermis and the stele region during As exposure. Several genes showed differential expression in As and As+P. putida. Down-regulation of As transporters (OsPIP2;2 and OsPIP2;3, OsTIP2;1) and higher expression of WRKY gene (WRKY28) during As+P. putida+C.vulgaris suggested reduction of As uptake in rice. The up-regulation of nutrient elements transporters (OsZIFL9, OsZIFL5, OsZIFL12 and OsZIP2, OsYSL15 and OsCOPT6) in the presence of consortium indicated the improved nutrient status of rice. Higher expression of regulatory elements like auxin/indole 3 acetic acid (AUX/IAA), WRKY and myeloblastosis (MYB) TFs and down-regulation of defense responsive genes such Glutathione-S-transferase, Peroxidase and Glutaredoxinduring As+P. putida+C.vulgaris exposure was also observed. Proteome profiling demonstrated differential abundance of proteins involved in photosynthesis (chlorophyll a/b binding protein, photosystem I Fe-S centre), energy metabolism (ATP synthase subunit beta) transport, signaling (tubulin 1, actin 1), defense (glutathione S-transferase, phenylalanine ammonia lyase) and amino acid metabolism (cysteine synthase, glutamine synthetase), which supported the As ameliorative and growth-promoting potential of microbial consortium during As stress in rice plants. The study gives comprehensive information about gene and protein changes in rice plants in As+consortium exposure. © 2021 The Authors
The importance of beneficial and essential trace and ultratrace elements in plant nutrition, growth, and stress tolerance
(Elsevier, 2021) Surabhi Awasthi; Reshu Chauhan; Sudhakar Srivastava
The optimum growth and development of plants depend on some basic components obtained from nature. These include water, carbon dioxide, light, and mineral elements. In addition to these essential elements, certain elements known as beneficial elements support the growth of plants. Finally, some elements are required in trace and ultratrace quantities. These elements include selenium, silicon, manganese boron, cobalt, molybdenum, nickel, aluminum, copper, iodine, iron, and zinc. Selenium is a component of several important enzymes like glutathione peroxidases, thioredoxin reductase, and iodothyronine deiondinase. Silica is required by plants of the Poaceae family to gain strength, and it is essential for lodging resistance in rice plants. Nickel is also a constituent of enzymes such as urease, glyoxalase I, superoxide dismutase, [NiFe]-hydrogenase, carbon monoxide dehydrogenase, and acetyl-coenzyme A. Molybdenum is also an important component of enzyme nitrate reductase. Nickel helps the plant to metabolize urea nitrogen into a bioavailable form, that is ammonia, which leads to improved plant growth. The elements like zinc and copper are essentially required by plants in small amounts. The essential elements play important roles in various processes, such as growth hormone production, internode elongation, and various enzymatic activities. The research on beneficial elements has proven their roles in plant growth and development. In addition, an optimum supply of such beneficial and ultratrace elements helps them tackle abiotic and biotic stresses. For example, silica and selenium supplementation have been found to impart arsenic stress tolerance to rice plants. The studies point to the fact that even if the essentiality of some elements is not proved, they do perform crucial roles in plants. This chapter discusses the importance of essential, beneficial, and ultratrace elements in plant growth, development, and stress tolerance. © 2022 Elsevier Inc.
The journey of arsenic from soil to Grain in Rice
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2017) Surabhi Awasthi; Reshu Chauhan; Sudhakar Srivastava; Rudra D. Tripathi
Arsenic (As) is a non-essential toxic metalloid whose elevated concentration in rice grains is a serious issue both for rice yield and quality, and for human health. The rice-As interactions, hence, have been studied extensively in past few decades. A deep understanding of factors influencing As uptake and transport from soil to grains can be helpful to tackle this issue so as to minimize grain As levels. As uptake at the root surface by rice plants depends on factors like iron plaque and radial oxygen loss. There is involvement of a number of transporters viz., phosphate transporters and aquaglyceroporins in the uptake and transport of different As species and in the movement to subcellular compartments. These processes are also affected by sulfur availability and consequently on the level of thiol (-SH)-containing As binding peptides viz., glutathione (GSH) and phytochelatins (PCs). Further, the role of phloem in As movement to the grains is also suggested. This review presents a detailed map of journey of As from soil to the grains. The implications for the utilization of available knowledge in minimizing As in rice grains are presented. © 2017 Awasthi, Chauhan, Srivastava and Tripathi.
The Status of Arsenic Contamination in India
(Springer Singapore, 2019) Anurakti Shukla; Surabhi Awasthi; Reshu Chauhan; Sudhakar Srivastava
The presence of arsenic (As) in the groundwater threatens human health throughout the world. The problem is severe in southeastern parts of Asia especially India, Bangladesh, China, etc. because the population density is very high in comparison to the other western countries. Groundwater, which is the main source of drinking water in these areas, has been found to have As as high as 300 ppb. Out of 29 states in India, reports of As contamination have emerged from 17 states. The number of As-affected districts and the number of people affected have grown ever since the initial reports of As contamination came to knowledge in the 1980s. The present situation of As contamination in India is of great concern. This chapter focuses on presenting the As contamination status of India and also elaborates the possible reasons for groundwater As contamination in the Indo-Gangetic region. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020.
Transcriptome and proteome analyses reveal selenium mediated amelioration of arsenic toxicity in rice (Oryza sativa L.)
(Elsevier B.V., 2020) Reshu Chauhan; Surabhi Awasthi; Yuvraj Indoliya; Abhishek Singh Chauhan; Shashank Mishra; Lalit Agrawal; Sudhakar Srivastava; Sanjay Dwivedi; Poonam C. Singh; Shekhar Mallick; Puneet Singh Chauhan; Veena Pande; Debasis Chakrabarty; Rudra Deo Tripathi
Arsenic (As), a chronic poison and non-threshold carcinogen, is a food chain contaminant in rice, posing yield losses as well as serious health risks. Selenium (Se), a trace element, is a known antagonist of As toxicity. In present study, RNA seq. and proteome profiling, along with morphological analyses were performed to explore molecular cross-talk involved in Se mediated As stress amelioration. The repair of As induced structural deformities involving disintegration of cell wall and membranes were observed upon Se supplementation. The expression of As transporter genes viz., NIP1;1, NIP2;1, ABCG5, NRAMP1, NRAMP5, TIP2;2 as well as sulfate transporters, SULTR3;1 and SULTR3;6, were higher in As + Se compared to As alone exposure, which resulted in reduced As accumulation and toxicity. The higher expression of regulatory elements like AUX/IAA, WRKY and MYB TFs during As + Se exposure was also observed. The up-regulation of GST, PRX and GRX during As + Se exposure confirmed the amelioration of As induced oxidative stress. The abundance of proteins involved in photosynthesis, energy metabolism, transport, signaling and ROS homeostasis were found higher in As + Se than in As alone exposure. Overall, present study identified Se responsive pathways, genes and proteins involved to cope-up with As toxicity in rice. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.
Understanding selenium metabolism in plants and its role as a beneficial element
(Taylor and Francis Inc., 2019) Reshu Chauhan; Surabhi Awasthi; Sudhakar Srivastava; Sanjay Dwivedi; Elizabeth A. H. Pilon-Smits; Om P. Dhankher; Rudra D. Tripathi
Selenium (Se) is an essential element for many animals including humans, prokaryotes and a few green algae. For plants, Se essentiality is yet to be demonstrated. Nevertheless, it is well recognized that Se is a beneficial element for plants. For all organisms, while, a narrow range of Se is beneficial, at elevated levels it becomes toxic. This is due to accumulation of various toxic inorganic and organic Se forms during Se metabolism as well as nonspecific replacement by Se of chemically similar sulfur (S) analogs. Interestingly, Se can act both as an antioxidant and a pro-oxidant. Hence, Se chemistry and metabolism play crucial roles in determining its effects at specific concentration in an organism. A lot of knowledge has been gained regarding Se metabolites, however, the functions of many of these metabolites are yet to be resolved. Other Se containing metabolites and proteins might yet be awaiting their identification. Future research in this direction would pave the way towards identification of Se as an essential element for plants too. This review discusses the various aspects of Se uptake and metabolism with a major focus on functions of Se-containing metabolites in plants. © 2019, © 2019 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.