Browsing by Author "Rohit Kumar"

Now showing 1 - 20 of 23

A 3D field-theoretic model: Discrete duality symmetry
(Academic Press Inc., 2025) Rohit Kumar; Rudra Prakash Malik
We demonstrate the discrete duality symmetry between the Abelian 1-form and 2-form basic gauge fields in the context of a three (2+1)-dimensional (3D) combined system of the field-theoretic model of the free Abelian 1-from and 2-form gauge theories within the framework of Becchi–Rouet–Stora–Tyutin (BRST) formalism. The classical gauge-fixed Lagrangian density of this theory is generalized to its quantum counterpart as the BRST and co-BRST invariant Lagrangian density. We show clearly the existence of the off-shell nilpotent (co-)BRST symmetry transformations and establish their intimate connection through a set of underlying discrete duality symmetry transformations in our 3D BRST-quantized theory. We provide the mathematical basis for the existence of the discrete duality symmetry transformations in our theory through the Hodge duality operator (that is defined on the 3D flat Minkowskian spacetime manifold). We briefly mention a bosonic symmetry transformation which is constructed from the anticommutator of the above off-shell nilpotent (co-)BRST symmetry transformations. We lay emphasis on the algebraic structures of the existing continuous and discrete duality symmetry transformations for our 3D BRST-quantized theory (where they are treated as operators). We also comment on the appearance of a pseudo-scalar field (with negative kinetic term). This field happens to be one of the possible candidates for the phantom field of the cosmological models. © 2025 Elsevier Inc.
A reversible and efficient probe for dual mode recognition of Al3+ and Cu2+ with logic gate behaviour: Crystal structure, theoretical and in-vivo bio-imaging investigations
(Elsevier B.V., 2022) Pranjalee Yadav; Rohit Kumar; S. Srikrishna; Anoop Kumar Pandey; Lokman H. Choudhury; Chandan Upadhyay; Vinod P. Singh
This work presents the synthesis, characterization, crystal structure and spectroscopic investigations of isophthalohydrazide based probe. Among various tested metal ions, the probe selectively detects Al3+ and Cu2+ in aqueous ethanol via fluorometric and colorimetric methods, respectively. It displays a fluorescence “turn-on” response with Al3+ and visual colour change from colourless to yellow with Cu2+. Sensing mechanism is explored with UV–Vis, fluorescence spectroscopy and 1H NMR titration, and confirmed with computational results. Suppression of C[dbnd]N isomerization and photo-induced electron transfer (PET) along with chelation enhanced fluorescence emission (CHEF) result in “turn-on” fluorescence with Al3+ while ligand to metal charge transfer (LMCT) accounts for visual colour change with Cu2+. Job's plot and HRMS confirm 1:2 (L:M) stoichiometry. The probe also exhibits efficient reversibility and reproducibility with EDTA which are successfully mimicked with combinatorial logic gate and truth table. Additionally, solid state applications and bio-imaging investigation on gut tissue of Drosophila 3rd instar larvae are performed. © 2021 Elsevier B.V.
Artificial intelligence-driven optimization of biohydrogen production: ANN-GA, RSM, and python synergy for novel Alcaligenes ammonioxydans utilizing sugarcane bagasse
(Elsevier Ltd, 2025) Shruti Sharadrao Raut; Arpit Sharma; Ankit Keshariya; Vansh Agarwal; Rohit Kumar; Abha Mishra
Biohydrogen (bioH2) production through dark fermentation presents a promising and sustainable alternative to fossil fuels, especially when utilizing lignocellulosic agricultural residues. In this study, sugarcane bagasse (SB) was selected as the feedstock due to its high carbohydrate content, abundant availability, and low cost, making it an ideal substrate for microbial bioH2 production. A newly isolated and efficient bioH2-producing bacterium, Alcaligenes ammonioxydans SRAM was employed to ferment the pretreated bagasse under anaerobic conditions. To optimize bioH2 yield, four critical process parameters substrate concentration, inoculum ratio, acid pretreatment concentration, and pH were systematically investigated using a Central Composite Design (CCD). Two advanced modelling approaches, Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), were used to develop predictive frameworks based on the experimental data. ANN models were developed in MATLAB and Python, demonstrating superior performance over RSM by accurately capturing complex nonlinear interactions with significantly lower prediction errors. To enhance the optimization process, the ANN model was further integrated with a Genetic Algorithm (GA), resulting in a hybrid ANN-GA model implemented in Python. This hybrid approach effectively determined the optimal conditions for maximum bioH2 production, achieving a minimal prediction error of 0.02. The optimized parameter set included a substrate concentration of 48.98 g/L, an inoculum ratio of 8.21 % v/v, an acid concentration of 3.56 % v/v, and a pH of 7.02. This study clearly highlights the potential of A. ammonioxydans SRAM for high-efficiency bioH2 production and presents a robust ANN-GA-based optimization framework for enhancing bioH2 yields from SB, advancing the transition to renewable energy sources. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd
Comparative evaluation of fracture healing potential of differentiated and undifferentiated guinea pig and canine bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in a guinea pig model
(Elsevier Ltd, 2022) Bilal Ahmad Peer; Abas Rashid Bhat; Uffaq Shabir; Mukesh Kumar Bharti; Irfan Ahmad Bhat; Sriti Pandey; Khan Sharun; Rohit Kumar; Karikalan Mathesh; Gutulla Saikumar; Vikash Chandra; Amarpal; Gutulla Taru Sharma
Background and aim: This work was conducted to compare the therapeutic potential of undifferentiated and osteogenic differentiated canine (xenogeneic) and guinea pig (allogeneic) BMSCs in fracture healing using guinea pig as a model. Materials and methods: A well-characterized homogenous population of third passage mesenchymal stem cells of bone marrow origin was used in all the experiments. MSCs from both the species, i.e., canine and guinea pigs, were differentiated and characterized. Expression of MHC I and II along with co-stimulatory molecules was assessed based on relative mRNA expression. The osteogenic differentiated and undifferentiated MSCs from both species were used for evaluating fracture healing in the guinea pig model. The healing potential was assessed based on radiographic, histopathology, and clinical observations. Results: BMSCs from both species expressed MSC surface antigens and successfully differentiated to osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic lineages. The mRNA expression of class I and II MHC molecules in all the three lineages showed no significant (p > 0.05) differences after differentiating to adipogenic, chondrogenic, and osteogenic lineages. Radiographic and clinical examination revealed that MSCs therapy significantly improved bone fracture healing with a non-significant (p > 0.05) difference between differentiated and undifferentiated BMSCs. In addition, allogeneic MSCs therapy performed better than xenogeneic therapy. Conclusion: MSCs remained hypo immunogenic after differentiation and have comparable fracture healing potential though allogeneic MSCs have better therapeutic potential than xenogenic MSCs. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd
Design, synthesis, in vitro, and in vivo anti-cancer evaluation of the novel spirobibenzopyrans on epithelial cancer model of Drosophila melanogaster
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2022) Prashant Rai; Jyotsna Singh; Rohit Kumar; Srikrishna Saripella; Nageswara Rao Golakoti
Abstract: A total of eight novel spirobibenzopyrans were synthesized by Claisen-Schmidt condensation reaction and have been characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FT-IR, UV-Vis spectroscopy, and High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry. The purity of these synthesized compounds was determined by HPLC. The in vitro anti-cancer screening of these synthesized spirobibenzopyrans was carried out at National Cancer Institute (NCI), USA, against 60 human cancer cell lines. In light of the NCI results, the potent spirobibenzopyrans identified were compounds 1, 2, 4, and 5. COMPARE analyses of the potent compounds show a strong to considerable correlation to the marketed anti-cancer drug vinblastine sulfate (microtubule formation inhibitor). Furthermore, compounds 2 and 4 were taken up for their in vivo anti-cancer evaluation in the epithelial cancer model of Drosophila melanogaster and their lethal doses in both wild-type and mutant organisms were determined to be 300 μM. The anti-cancer studies of the spirobibenzopyrans have been supported with the molecular docking studies performed against the target protein c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Compound 4 showed the highest docking score of −8.3 kcal/mol among the compounds we have reported here. In addition, drug-likeness studies of the synthesized novel spirobibenzopyrans were carried out to find their potential as drugs. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.] © 2022, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences.
Desulfonylative halogenation of arene sulfonyl chlorides using N-halosuccinimides: Synthesis, molecular docking, and anti-Alzheimer activity
(Elsevier Ltd, 2025) Vikas G. Yadav; Rohit Kumar; Saripella Srikrishna; Virendra Prasad
Considering the significant biological potential of halogenated arenes, we developed a novel and eco-friendly method for accessing dihalogenated arenes via N-halosuccinimide-promoted desulfonylative halogenation of arenesulfonyl chlorides under metal-free conditions. In silico evaluations of selected compounds for amyloid-beta (Aβ) protein interactions identified compounds 1d and 2d as promising candidates, exhibiting strong binding potential and low toxicity in wild-type Oregon R flies. Furthermore, these compounds demonstrated significant neuroprotective activity in an Aβ-induced Alzheimer's disease model in Drosophila, emphasizing the need for further studies in higher organisms and detailed mechanistic investigations. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd
Discrimination of gallbladder stone employing Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) and Photoacoustic Spectroscopy (PAS)
(Elsevier B.V., 2021) Zainab Gazali; Rohit Kumar; Pradeep K. Rai; Pramod K. Rai; Awadhesh K. Rai; Surya N. Thakur
Compositional analysis of gallstone samples has been carried out, using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) and Photoacoustic Spectroscopy (PAS). Classification of gallstone has been made on the basis of intensities of the inorganic and organic constituents present in the LIBS spectra. A regression plot is drawn between LIBS spectral intensities of organic & inorganic elements and the stoichiometric ratio of Cholesterol, Bilirubin and Calcium Carbonate. Atomic lines of various elements, as well as molecular signatures of CaO Orange band, CN Violet band, and C2 Swan band, are observed in LIBS spectra. The relative hardness of gallstones is estimated from the intensity ratio of ionic to neutral atomic lines of the species observed in LIBS spectra. PAS is used for detecting molecular constituents in the gallstones. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is performed for the discrimination of gallstones. It is found that PAS data, in combination with LIBS provide a suitable method for the compositional analysis of gallstones. © 2021 Elsevier B.V.
Hypervalent Iodine Mediated Synthesis of Thiosulfonates from Sulfonyl Hydrazides and Their Transformation into Symmetrical Disulfides
(Georg Thieme Verlag, 2024) Ashvani Yadav; Rohit Kumar; Virendra Prasad
A transition-metal-free synthesis of thiosulfonates has been accomplished by the disproportionate coupling of readily available and inexpensive sulfonyl hydrazides embracing hypervalent iodine(III) [phenyliodine(III) diacetate (PIDA)] as an oxidant. This synthesis involves cleavage of the S-N bond and is endowed with creation of a new S-S bond. The thiosulfonates were further reduced with CS2/KOH to obtain symmetrical disulfides. This protocol features mild reaction conditions in open air, an inexpensive oxidant, and high functional group tolerance with good to excellent product yields. © 2024. Thieme. All rights reserved.
Indian Guidelines on Nebulization Therapy
(Tuberculosis Association of India, 2022) S.K. Katiyar; S.N. Gaur; R.N. Solanki; Nikhil Sarangdhar; J.C. Suri; Raj Kumar; G.C. Khilnani; Dhruva Chaudhary; Rupak Singla; Parvaiz A. Koul; Ashok A. Mahashur; A.G. Ghoshal; D. Behera; D.J. Christopher; Deepak Talwar; Dhiman Ganguly; H. Paramesh; K.B. Gupta; Mohan Kumar T; P.D. Motiani; P.S. Shankar; Rajesh Chawla; Randeep Guleria; S.K. Jindal; S.K. Luhadia; V.K. Arora; V.K. Vijayan; Abhishek Faye; Aditya Jindal; Amit K. Murar; Anand Jaiswal; Arunachalam M; A.K. Janmeja; Brijesh Prajapat; C. Ravindran; Debajyoti Bhattacharyya; George D'Souza; Inderpaul Singh Sehgal; J.K. Samaria; Jogesh Sarma; Lalit Singh; M.K. Sen; Mahendra K. Bainara; Mansi Gupta; Nilkanth T. Awad; Narayan Mishra; Naveed N. Shah; Neetu Jain; Prasanta R. Mohapatra; Parul Mrigpuri; Pawan Tiwari; R. Narasimhan; R. Vijai Kumar; Rajendra Prasad; Rajesh Swarnakar; Rakesh K. Chawla; Rohit Kumar; S. Chakrabarti; Sandeep Katiyar; Saurabh Mittal; Sonam Spalgais; Subhadeep Saha; Surya Kant; V.K. Singh; Vijay Hadda; Vikas Kumar; Virendra Singh; Vishal Chopra; Visweswaran B
Inhalational therapy, today, happens to be the mainstay of treatment in obstructive airway diseases (OADs), such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and is also in the present, used in a variety of other pulmonary and even non-pulmonary disorders. Hand-held inhalation devices may often be difficult to use, particularly for children, elderly, debilitated or distressed patients. Nebulization therapy emerges as a good option in these cases besides being useful in the home care, emergency room and critical care settings. With so many advancements taking place in nebulizer technology; availability of a plethora of drug formulations for its use, and the widening scope of this therapy; medical practitioners, respiratory therapists, and other health care personnel face the challenge of choosing appropriate inhalation devices and drug formulations, besides their rational application and use in different clinical situations. Adequate maintenance of nebulizer equipment including their disinfection and storage are the other relevant issues requiring guidance. Injudicious and improper use of nebulizers and their poor maintenance can sometimes lead to serious health hazards, nosocomial infections, transmission of infection, and other adverse outcomes. Thus, it is imperative to have a proper national guideline on nebulization practices to bridge the knowledge gaps amongst various health care personnel involved in this practice. It will also serve as an educational and scientific resource for healthcare professionals, as well as promote future research by identifying neglected and ignored areas in this field. Such comprehensive guidelines on this subject have not been available in the country and the only available proper international guidelines were released in 1997 which have not been updated for a noticeably long period of over two decades, though many changes and advancements have taken place in this technology in the recent past. Much of nebulization practices in the present may not be evidence-based and even some of these, the way they are currently used, may be ineffective or even harmful. Recognizing the knowledge deficit and paucity of guidelines on the usage of nebulizers in various settings such as inpatient, out-patient, emergency room, critical care, and domiciliary use in India in a wide variety of indications to standardize nebulization practices and to address many other related issues; National College of Chest Physicians (India), commissioned a National task force consisting of eminent experts in the field of Pulmonary Medicine from different backgrounds and different parts of the country to review the available evidence from the medical literature on the scientific principles and clinical practices of nebulization therapy and to formulate evidence-based guidelines on it. The guideline is based on all possible literature that could be explored with the best available evidence and incorporating expert opinions. To support the guideline with high-quality evidence, a systematic search of the electronic databases was performed to identify the relevant studies, position papers, consensus reports, and recommendations published. Rating of the level of the quality of evidence and the strength of recommendation was done using the GRADE system. Six topics were identified, each given to one group of experts comprising of advisors, chairpersons, convenor and members, and such six groups (A-F) were formed and the consensus recommendations of each group was included as a section in the guidelines (Sections I to VI). The topics included were: A. Introduction, basic principles and technical aspects of nebulization, types of equipment, their choice, use, and maintenance B. Nebulization therapy in obstructive airway diseases C. Nebulization therapy in the intensive care unit D. Use of various drugs (other than bronchodilators and inhaled corticosteroids) by nebulized route and miscellaneous uses of nebulization therapy E. Domiciliary/Home/Maintenance nebulization therapy; public & health care workers education, and F. Nebulization therapy in COVID-19 pandemic and in patients of other contagious viral respiratory infections (included later considering the crisis created due to COVID-19 pandemic). Various issues in different sections have been discussed in the form of questions, followed by point-wise evidence statements based on the existing knowledge, and recommendations have been formulated. © 2022 Tuberculosis Association of India
Indolylmaleimide derivatives as a new class of anti-leishmanial agents: synthesis and biological evaluation
(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2025) Samarpita Das; Neerupudi Kishore Babu; Priyanka H. Mazire; Amit Roy; Rohit Kumar; Sushma Singh; Deepak Kumar Sharma
Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease, primarily affecting poor and developing countries. The present therapeutic approach faces various limitations, such as concerns regarding toxicity, route of administration, and the emergence of drug resistance. Therefore, there is a critical need to identify novel scaffolds to combat this fatal parasitic infection. Leishmanial DNA topoisomerase 1B is a heterodimeric protein and plays a crucial role in resolving topological problems during various biological processes. It is structurally distinct from its human counterparts, making it an attractive target for drug discovery. In this study, we synthesized various aminated indolylmaleimide derivatives targeting the leishmanial topoisomerase 1B enzyme. In vitro leishmanicidal assays on Leishmania promastigotes identified one highly potent hit (3m), showing considerable inhibition with single-digit micromolar IC50 values. Moreover, molecular docking analysis of the potent hit (3m) confirmed its strong binding affinity with the enzyme. Thus, the hit molecule (3m) holds promise as a lead for developing novel therapeutic strategies against leishmaniasis. © 2025 RSC.
JNK Kinase regulates cachexia like syndrome in scribble knockdown tumor model of Drosophila melanogaster
(Elsevier Inc., 2025) Rohit Kumar; Saripella Srikrishna
Cachexia and systemic organ wasting are metabolic syndrome often associated with cancer. However, the exact mechanism of cancer associated cachexia like syndrome still remain elusive. In this study, we utilized a scribble (scrib) knockdown induced hindgut tumor to investigate the role of JNK kinase in cachexia like syndrome. Scrib, a cell polarity regulator, also acts as a tumor suppressor gene. Its loss and mis-localization are reported in various type of malignant cancer-like breast, colon and prostate cancer. The scrib knockdown flies exhibited male lethality, reduced life span, systemic organ wasting and increased pJNK level in hindgut of female flies. Interestingly, knocking down of human JNK Kinase analogue, hep, in scrib knockdown background in hindgut leads to restoration of loss of scrib mediated lethality and systemic organ wasting. Our data showed that scrib loss in hindgut is capable of inducing cancer associated cachexia like syndrome. Here, we firstly report that blocking the JNK signaling pathway effectively rescued the cancer cachexia induced by scrib knockdown, along with its associated gut barrier disruption. These findings have significantly advanced our understanding of cancer cachexia and have potential implications for the development of therapeutic strategies. However, more research is needed to fully understand the complex mechanisms underlying this condition. © 2024 Elsevier Inc.
Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Coupled with PCA Study of Human Tooth
(Springer, 2019) A.K. Pathak; Ankita Singh; Rohit Kumar; A.K. Rai
The present study focuses on the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) studies on different parts of tooth samples. The hardness of different parts of tooth samples belonging to different age groups has been studied using ionic-to-atomic intensity ratio of Ca spectral line. From this ratio, we infer that enamel is the hardest part of teeth. The principal component analysis (PCA) on LIBS data of different parts of teeth gives PC1 (96%) and PC2 (4%), which explains maximum variance present in data set. Therefore, this work demonstrates the suitability of LIBS along with PCA for routine in vitro/in vivo dental practices. © 2018, The National Academy of Sciences, India.
LC-Orbitrap HRMS-Based Proteomics Reveals Novel Mitochondrial Dynamics Regulatory Proteins Associated with RasV12-Induced Glioblastoma (GBM) of Drosophila
(American Chemical Society, 2024) Pradeep Kumar; Rohit Kumar; Prabhat Kumar; Sunaina Kushwaha; Sandhya Kumari; Neha Yadav; Saripella Srikrishna
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most prevalent and aggressive brain tumor found in adult humans with a poor prognosis and average survival of 14-15 months. In order to have a comprehensive understanding of proteome and identify novel therapeutic targets, this study focused mainly on the differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) of RasV12-induced GBM. RasV12 is a constitutively active Ras mutant form essential for tumor progression by continuously activating signaling pathways leading to uncontrolled tumor growth. This study used a transgenic Drosophila model with RasV12 overexpression using the repo-GAL4 driver line, specifically in glial cells, to study GBM. The high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS)-based proteomic analysis of the GBM larval central nervous system identified three novel DAPs specific to mitochondria. These DAPs, probable maleylacetoacetate isomerase 2 (Q9VHD2), bifunctional methylene tetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (Q04448), and glutamine synthetase1 (P20477), identified through HRMS were further validated by qRT-PCR. The protein-protein interaction analysis revealed interactions between RasV12 and DAPs, with functional links to mitochondrial dynamics regulators such as Drp1, Marf, Parkin, and HtrA2. Notably, altered expressions of Q9VHD2, P20477, and Q04448 were observed during GBM progression, which offers new insights into the involvement of mitochondrial dynamic regulators in RasV12-induced GBM pathophysiology. © 2024 American Chemical Society.
Metal-Free Desulfonylative and C-H Halogenation of Arenes: A Novel Approach for Haloarene Synthesis
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2025) Vikas G. Yadav; Rohit Kumar; Mitushree Ghosh; Ashvani Yadav; Virendra Prasad
We report a novel metal-free approach for the desulfonylative halogenation of aryl sulfonyl chlorides and the C-H halogenation of arenes. This strategy employs hypervalent iodine(III) as both an oxidant and a group transfer agent with tetrabutylammonium halides (TBAX) as a halide source. The method offers several key benefits, including the use of inexpensive and readily available reagents, simple reaction conditions, compatibility with air, and the absence of transition metals. © 2025 Wiley-VCH GmbH.
Modeling neurodegenerative diseases using transgenic model of drosophila
(Bentham Science Publishers, 2020) Brijesh Singh Chauhan; Amarish Kumar Yadav; Roshan Fatima; Sangeeta Arya; Jyotsna Singh; Rohit Kumar; Saripella Srikrishna
From the past several decades, neuroscientists have been focusing on understanding the mechanisms of various human neurodegenerative diseases using different models such as Mouse, Rat, Zebrafish, worm and the Drosophila. Among them, the Drosophila, with a short generation time and genetic amenity, has emerged as a vital and prevailing model system to explore multiple aspects of neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, etc. In this chapter, we have presented various molecular, genetic and therapeutic approaches employed to model human neurodegenerative diseases using Drosophila. Furthermore, we also present the worldwide prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases, along with a survey of published literatures of research conducted in the last two decades on major neurodegenerative diseases employing transgenic Drosophila, to evaluate where we stand. © 2020 Bentham Science Publishers. All right reserved.
Nanotoxicity unveiled: Evaluating exposure risks and assessing the impact of nanoparticles on human health
(Elsevier B.V., 2025) Rohit Kumar; Akhilesh Kumar; Sweety Bhardwaj; Mohini Sikarwar; Sonam Sriwastaw; Gaurav Sharma; Madhu Gupta
Background: Nanomaterials have been widely used across medical and health sciences due to their unique physicochemical characteristics, versatile functionalisation, and remarkable tissue penetration abilities. As nanotechnology continues to evolve, concerns regarding the potential toxicological effects of these materials are growing. Despite their promising biomedical applications, comprehensive safety data remains limited. Purpose: This review details the physicochemical properties of the nanoparticles contributing to the development of potentially adverse effects on human health and the environment. It explores the cellular and molecular mechanisms through which nanoparticles induce toxicity. It assesses current nanotoxicity evaluation strategies, including In vitro, in vivo, and in silico models, along with supporting methodologies. The review also addresses the regulatory landscape of nanotoxicology, outlining the challenges in developing standardised protocols to ensure the safe and effective use of nanomaterials in the health sector. Key Observations: Factors such as particle size, dosage regimen, surface chemistry, and immunogenic potential of nanomaterials play a pivotal role in nanotoxicity. Nanoparticles may accumulate in diverse tissues, leading to oxidative stress, inflammation, and cellular and mitochondrial DNA damage. While regulatory agencies like the FDA, EMA, and CDE have issued guidelines for the safer use of nanomaterials, a globally harmonised framework is still absent. Conclusions: A deep understanding of nanotoxicity is crucial for the safe and sustainable development of nanomaterials. Future efforts should incorporate artificial intelligence and machine learning to predict, assess, and mitigate nanotoxicity by analysing complex data, identifying patterns, and refining nanoparticle design. © 2025 The Author(s)
NEP 2020: Transcending Indian Ethos and Values towards Creating a Global Knowledge Society
(Taylor and Francis, 2025) Keshav Mishra; Rohit Kumar
NEP 2020 is an end-to-end educational roadmap for the country that provides an integrated, multidisciplinary, and holistic approach to education. The spirit of this policy document is very much driven by the glorious Indian tradition of education. It is a comprehensive effort to restructure the whole of Indian education. Encouraging the concurrent and harmonious development of the human body, mind, intellect, and soul was the objective of traditional Indian education. The objectives, pedagogy, and outcomes of the Indian education system witnessed a paradigm shift during the colonial period. The harmonious blend of two major ancient streams of education Aparavidya (material knowledge) and Paravidya (spiritual knowledge) got distorted due to the initiation of the Macaulay mode of education. It formed a fragmented educational ecosystem that colonized the Indian mind. NEP 2020 is seen as an attempt to decolonize the Indian mind. The structure of education, from the foundational stage to higher education, is designed in such a way that will create a lifelong global learner and ultimately a Global Knowledge Society (a society based on educational and research excellence). In this chapter, an effort will be made to explore the changing contours of the Indian education system and outline Indian ethos and values in NEP 2020. It is a comprehensive effort to lead India in the 21st century. © 2025 selection and editorial matter, Manish K. Verma; individual chapters, the contributors.
Neuroprotective potential of flavonoid rich Ascophyllum nodosum (FRAN) fraction from the brown seaweed on an Aβ42 induced Alzheimer's model of Drosophila
(Elsevier GmbH, 2022) Brijesh Singh Chauhan; Rohit Kumar; Pradeep Kumar; Prabhat Kumar; Saket Sinha; Sunil Kumar Mishra; Kavindra Nath Tiwari; Alan T. Critchley; Balakrishnan Prithiviraj; Saripella Srikrishna
Background: In Alzheimer Disease (AD) pathogenesis, aggregation of Aβ42 fibrils strongly correlates with memory dysfunction and neurotoxicity. Till date, no promising cures for AD. Report shows that flavonoids contributed anti-oxidant, anti-cancer and neuroprotection activity by regulating the mitochondrial machinery. Here, we first report the identification of flavonoids from Ascophyllum nodosum as having the ability to dissolve Aβ42 fibrils in an AD model of Drosophila. FRAN could be superior anti-AD agents for neuroprotection, their underlying mechanism and how they collectively halted amyloidogenesis is currently being investigated. Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective role of FRAN in the Aβ42 expressing AD model of Drosophila. Methods: Drosophila stocks: OregonR+, ey-GAL4/CyO, elavc155-GAL4, UAS-mitoGFP, UAS-mcherry.mito.OMM, UAS-Aβ42/CyO were used, cultured at 28±1 °C in a BOD incubator. Ascophyllum extract rich in flavonoids as revealed by LC-MS study and employed against the AD flies. The validation of Aβ42 expression was done by immunostaining and q-RT PCR. The eye roughness of AD flies was scored in a dose-dependent manner. Further, In vivo and in silico studies of FRAN extract was executed against Aβ42 induced neurotoxicity. Results: In order to determine the most effective lethal dose of FRAN extract concentration 1, 2, 5, 10 mg/ml were screened using OregonR+flies. Extract 1 and 2 mg/ml did not show any lethality. Hence, extract 2 mg/ml was employed on AD flies and a ≥ 50% rescue in the eye phenotype was observed using SEM images. This dose had a strong effect on cell apoptosis, viability, longevity, mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress by regulating mitochondrial dynamic markers in comparable to control. Extract also scavenging free radicals in order to maintain in situ cellular ROS and prevent Aβ42-induced neurotoxicity in vivo and in silico. Hence, we suggest its great potential as a future therapeutic agent for AD treatment. Conclusion: In conclusion, FRAN extract rich in flavonoids as having largest neuroprotective activity against Aβ42 aggregation in eye tissue of Drosophila. Extract shows strong effect against Aβ42-induced neurotoxicity by altering the various cellular and molecular events. So, it could be considered as strong anti-AD agents for neuroprotection. © 2021
New trends in asymmetric catalysis: Chiral hypervalent iodine compounds as green and sustainable catalysts
(wiley, 2024) Vikas Yadav; Rohit Kumar; Amrit Gond; Ashvani Yadav; Mitushree Ghosh; Ram Singh Kuri; Virendra Prasad
Catalysis is widely recognized as a fundamental aspect of synthesis owing to the significant advancements made in the development of numerous catalysts, catalytic protocols, and methodologies over the past few decades. Among the diverse forms of catalysis, asymmetric catalysis has experienced significant growth in contemporary times. In the literature, many significant catalysts have been established for asymmetric synthesis. Organocatalysis is being employed as a preferred alternative to asymmetric enzymatic and metallic catalytic processes. Significantly, with regard to asymmetric redox reactions, organocatalysis has yielded remarkably exceptional outcomes. However, it is regrettable that asymmetric organocatalytic oxidations have proven to be exceedingly arduous. In order to address the challenges associated with asymmetric oxidations, chiral hypervalent iodine compounds have emerged as superior alternatives. Currently, numerous chiral hypervalent iodine compounds have been established and widely recognized for asymmetric synthesis. Chiral hypervalent iodine (III/V)-catalyzed asymmetric oxidations represent an efficient approach for enantioenriched compounds and intermediates of significant importance. Such reactions hold great promise for the development of novel therapeutic agents. The construction of chiral hypervalent iodines (III/V) through asymmetric organocatalytic oxidations has established a promising area in asymmetric chemistry. Several noteworthy asymmetric reactions include the oxidative dearomatization of phenols, ketone oxygenation, and alkene dioxygenation. This chapter presents a concise overview of several catalytic properties exhibited by hypervalent iodines (III/V) and their use for stereoselective oxidative rearrangement of disubstituted unactivated olefins. A catalytic method for the multi-O-C coupling of alkyne in a simple one-step process has been developed. This method is utilized for the synthesis of valuable a-ketoesters and their chiral analogs. Furthermore, an expanding yet insufficiently researched group of stereogenic substances known as axially chiral C-N compounds possesses the capacity to serve as chiral ligands and biologically active frameworks that can be developed. Moreover, a noteworthy progression in enantioselective catalysis pertains to the asymmetric oxidative dearomatization of naphthol carboxylic acids, which leads to the formation of spirolactones. This process is facilitated by a recently developed conformationally rigid oxo-bridged hypervalent iodine (III) species. Hypervalent iodine (III/V) reagents, characterized by their ease of handling, lack of toxicity, mildness, environmental friendliness (as green oxidants), and high stability, have been employed in numerous reactions and have facilitated the exploration of previously unexplored enantioselective transformations. This chapter aims to collate the reactions documented in the field of asymmetric hypervalent iodine chemistry, with a particular emphasis on the synthesis of chiral iodine (III and V) reagents or chiral iodoarenes. © 2024 Scrivener Publishing LLC. All rights reserved.
Regioselective sulfenylation of indoles using sulfonyl hydrazides: In silico design, DFT calculation, hirshfeld surface analysis, ADMET study, molecular docking and anticancer activity
(Elsevier B.V., 2025) Ashvani Yadav; Vishal K. Singh; Rohit Kumar; Vikas G. Yadav; Ashish Kumar Kushwaha; Vikas Kumar Rana; Ajay Kumar; Virendra Prasad
We report the design, synthesis, and anticancer evaluation of some novel indole thioethers, constructed via an efficient and regioselective sulfenylation of indoles with sulfonyl hydrazides, facilitated by KSCN. This method offers a valuable tool for the synthesis of a variety of indole thioethers under mild reaction conditions with good to excellent yields. Initially, the drug like properties of all compounds were evaluated. Subsequently, six lead compounds were subjected to molecular docking studies targeting the active site of the B-RAF protein (PDB ID: 1UWH). These compounds demonstrated strong interactions with key amino acid residues, including Lys482 (3.47 Å), Gln529 (3.28 Å), Thr528 (2.85 Å), Phe467 (2.85 Å), Gly95 (2.86 Å), Thr598 (3.30 Å), His538 (3.37 Å), Ser535 (3.22 Å), and Asn579 (3.43 Å), suggesting their potential as anticancer agents. DFT calculations of the novel thioethers revealed their energy gaps and binding affinities, while Hirshfeld surface analysis highlighted significant intermolecular interactions within their crystal structures. In vitro cell-based assays were conducted on selected compounds to assess their cytotoxicity against human cancer cell lines. The results suggest that extending the exposure duration beyond 24 h may uncover significant cytotoxic effects. In conclusion, these compounds exhibit promising potential as anticancer agents against the tested human cancer cell lines. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.