Browsing by Author "Rohit Upadhyay"

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Antioxidant Activity and Polyphenol Content of Brassica oleracea Varieties
(Taylor and Francis Inc., 2016) Rohit Upadhyay; Sneha Sehwag; Satyendra P. Singh
ABSTRACT: Reasons for beneficial medicinal benefits to humans from cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata) needs clarification. The research examined beneficial phytochemicals in cabbage that activate and stabilize antioxidant and detoxification mechanisms in humans. Methanolic extracts of red cabbage (B. oleracea L. var. capitata f. rubra [MERC]), green cabbage (B. oleracea L. var. capitata [MEGC]), cauliflower (B. oleracea L. var. botrytis [MEC]), and broccoli (B. oleracea L. var. italica [MEB]) were analyzed for antioxidant activity (AA) using different in vitro assays and polyphenol content. The AA was tested by radical scavenging activity of extracts against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl radical, ferric reducing power, and ferrous ion chelation assay. The antioxidant activity from all assays was in the order MERC > MEGC > MEB > MEC. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were highest and lowest for MERC (2.26 mg gallic acid equivalent [GAE]·g−1 fresh weight [FW] and 1.43 mg rutin equivalent [RE]·g−1 FW) and MEC (0.83 mg GAE·g−1 FW and 0.42 mg RE·g−1 FW), respectively, as were antioxidant assays. High-performance liquid chromatography analyses of extracts indicated presence of phenolic acid and flavonoid compounds confirming in vitro antioxidant behavior. There may be a rational for use of B. oleracea, especially red and green cabbage, in phytomedicine as a food supplement against diseases that involve free radicals. © 2016 Taylor & Francis.
Appropriate solvents for extracting total phenolics, flavonoids and ascorbic acid from different kinds of millets
(Springer, 2015) Rohit Upadhyay; Alok Jha; Satyendra P. Singh; Arvind Kumar; Mithilesh Singh
Different polar solvents (methanol, acetone and water) were tested for their extractability of phenolic compounds from millets grown in India namely, sawan (Echinochloa frumentacea), kodo (Paspalum scrobiculatum), jowar (Sorghum bicolor) and bajra (Pannisetum typhoides). The extracts were evaluated for their total phenolics, flavonoids, ascorbic acid content and antioxidant activity. The acetone extracts reported highest total phenolics content (TPC) between 0.8 and 2.64 mg gallic acid equivalents/g flour dry matter; the lowest for sawan and the highest for bajra. Ascorbic acid content did not differ significantly between different millets (p < 0.05) except for sawan (lowest). The antioxidant assays included 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl radical (OH*) scavenging and reducing power. The activity in millets followed as bajra > jowar > kodo > sawan. The polyphenols in extracts were also analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) at 290 nm. A clear correlation obtained between the TPC, flavonoids content and antioxidant activity. Acetone showed better extractability and thus can be appropriate solvent to extract phenolic compounds in millets used in this study. © 2013, Association of Food Scientists & Technologists (India).
Metformin's anticancer odyssey: Revealing multifaceted mechanisms across diverse neoplastic terrains- a critical review
(Elsevier B.V., 2025) Rashmi Saxena Pal; Talha Jawaid; M. A. Rahman; Rakesh Chandra Verma; Pratap Kumar Patra; Sharma Vedika Vijaypal; Yogendra Pal; Rohit Upadhyay
Metformin, initially prescribed as an oral hypoglycemic medication for type 2 diabetes, has recently gained attention for its potential anticancer effects. Its history dates to 1918, when guanidine, a component of the traditional European herb Galega officinalis, was found to reduce glycemia. This review precisely examines the mechanisms underlying Metformin's anticancer effects across various neoplastic conditions. This investigation explores the complex interactions between metformin and major signaling pathways associated with carcinogenesis, including AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), mTOR, and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) pathways. The review emphasizes Metformin's diverse effects on angiogenesis, inflammation, apoptosis, and cellular metabolism in cancer cells. Additionally, new data on metformin's capacity to alter the tumor microenvironment and enhance immune surveillance systems against cancer are examined. The review underscores Metformin's potential for repurposing in oncology, emphasizing its clinical relevance as an adjuvant therapy for various cancers. The review provides insightful information about the complex anticancer mechanisms of metformin by combining data from preclinical and clinical studies. These findings not only broaden our knowledge of the effects of metformin but also open new avenues for oncology research and treatment developments. © 2025 The Authors